原发性肝细胞癌中WAF1／CIP1基因的及其与p53基因突变的关系

目的 研究原发性肝细胞癌（ＨＣＣ）组织中ＷＡＦ１基因的表达及其与ｐ５３基因突变和临床病理学指标的关系和意义。方法 应用半定量ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ、免疫组织化学及定量ＤＮＡ图像分析的方法,检测ＷＡＦ１基因在３２例ＨＣＣ及其癌旁肝组织和５例正常肝细胞中的表达,研究其与ｐ５３基因突变及临床病理学指标的关系。结果 肝癌组织中ＷＡＦ１ｍＲＮＡ表达相对值（１．０６±０．３７）Ｕ低于其相应旁旁肝组织（１．３０±０．３７     

肝细胞癌抑癌基因p53突变

目的分析重庆地区肝细胞癌ｐ５３基因突变谱．方法住院肝细胞癌患者２０例，皆经病理证实，长期在重庆地区居住，其中早期小肝癌４例，中期６例，晚期１０例．采用ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ，ＰＣＲ直接测序技术分析ｐ５３基因５，６，７和８外显子突变．结果ｐ５３基因总的突变率为４０％．其中外显子５和６各占１０％，外显子７占２０％，未发现外显子８的突变；测序证实外显子７为第２４９位密码子Ｇ→Ｔ的颠换突变．突变病例多为晚期肿瘤．结论重庆地区肝细胞癌存在明显的ｐ５３基因突变，反映了该地区肝癌与黄曲霉毒素和ＨＢＶ或ＨＣＶ病毒有关     

肝胆管癌丙型肝炎病毒感染与p53和p21WAFD/CIP1异常表达的关系

为探讨丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）感染与Ｐ５３和Ｐ２１ＴＷＡＦ－／ＣＩＰ１基因的关系。采用 化技术对２９例原发性肝胆管癌中ＨＣＶ抗原（ＮＳ５－Ａｇ）、ｐ５３和ｐ２１＾ＷＡＦＩ＝／ＣＩＰ１蛋白表达进行研究。结果：２９例胆管癌中ＮＳ５－Ａｇ、ｐ５３及Ｐ２１ＴＷＡＦＩ／ＣＩＰＩ蛋白表达进行研究。结果：２９例胆管癌中ＮＳ５－Ａｇ、Ｐ５３display structure     

原发性肝细胞癌组织中c-myc和p53基因的表达及意义

ｃｍｙｃ是常见的激活癌基因,它有导致细胞的恶性转化作用．ｐ５３基因是重要的抑癌基因,其突变失活在肿瘤的发生过程中起重要作用［１］．我们应用免疫组织化学技术检测了７９例原发性肝细胞癌和６３例癌旁肝细胞中ｃｍｙｃ和Ｐ５３蛋白的分布与表达,对Ｃｍｙｃ...     

肝细胞癌患者中p53基因变化的相关因素分析

ｐ５３基因的变化已被认为是肿瘤病因学和分子发病机制的重要线索。为了阐明ＨＣＣ的主要致病因子及其在ＨＣＣ发病机制中的相对意义，本研究对ｐ５３基因变化较常见的中国南部地区的７０例ＨＣＣ患者采用Ｘ＾２检验等，分析一般资料、嗜肝病毒感染和病理资料与ｐ５３基因的ＬＯＨ则与嗜肝病毒感染和癌周组织中的肝硬化程度相关。以上结果提示，ＨＣＣ的主要致病因素是嗜肝病毒感染和高度流行区的某些其它因素，其中嗜肝病毒感染在Ｈ     

原发性肝癌转移与ras p53基因及其蛋白表达的关系

目的了解ｒａｓ，ｐ５３基因及其蛋白表达与原发性肝细胞癌（ＨＣＣ）转移的关系．方法应用免疫组化、狭缝杂交分别对１４例ＨＣＣ有转移者和１６例无转移者癌组织中ｒａｓ，ｐ５３基因蛋白和ＲＮＡ表达进行了研究．结果经微波修复抗原后，在１４例有转移ＨＣＣ组织中，Ｐ２１和Ｐ５３蛋白的阳性例数分别为１１例和１２例，在１６例无转移ＨＣＣ组织中，其阳性例数分别为５例和７例，两组间具有极显著性差异（Ｐ值分别为００１４和００２６）．ＨＣＣ有转移组ＮｒａｓＲＮＡ为无转移组的３～５倍，而两组间Ｐ５３ＲＮＡ量则几乎相等．结论经微波修复抗原后，Ｐ２１和Ｐ５３蛋白的免疫组化染色可作为衡量ＨＣＣ转移潜能的指标．     

肝细胞癌p53基因249密码子热点突变的研究

目的 研究肝细胞癌(HCC)中p53基因249密码子(p53 E7 cd249)点突变情况。方法 用PCR法及HAEⅢ限制性片段长度多态性分析(HAEⅢ/RFLP)检测河南豫东地区38例HCC石蜡包埋组织及2例肝细胞癌株中p53 E7cd249点突变情况,DNA测序证实。选取广西桂西南地区的10例HCC作对照。结果 来自河南豫东地区的HCC p53 E7 cd249点突变率为10.5％(4/38),对照组广西桂西南地区的HCC p53 E7 cd249点突变为40％(4/10),二者相比具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。2例肝细胞癌株中均未发现HCC p53 E7 cd249点突变。结论 河南豫东地区HCC中p53基因E7 cd249点突变为非高发事件;p53 E7 cd249点突变可能发生在肝细胞癌变的晚期。     

p53基因和血清P53抗体表达与原发性肝癌分化程度的关系

约50%人肿瘤有肿瘤抑制基因p53的突变,并且表达异常的P53蛋白,刺激机体产生自身体液免疫,故在血清中可检测到P53抗体.     

肝细胞癌mdm2基因表达及其与p53基因突变的关系

目的研究ｍｄｍ２基因在原发性肝细胞癌（ＨＣＣ）中的表达并探讨其与ｐ５３基因突变的关系．方法用银染ＰＣＲＳＳＣＰ法检测ｐ５３基因第５～８外显子的突变,原位杂交检测ｍｄｍ２基因ｍＲＮＡ的表达,ＳＡＢＣ法检测ｍｄｍ２蛋白的表达．结果３９３％（１１／２８）的病例有异常的电泳迁移率．ｐ５３基因突变与肿瘤的大小、分化及转移无关．原位杂交显示９例ＨＣＣ出现ｍｄｍ２基因ｍＲＮＡ增加,７例ＨＣＣ可检测到ｍｄｍ２蛋白表达,ｍｄｍ２基因表达与ＨＣＣ的大小、分化及是否转移无关．Ⅰ～Ⅱ级ＨＣＣ中ｍｄｍ２阳性表达率（１３３％）明显低于Ⅲ～Ⅳ级ＨＣＣ中的阳性表达率（５３８％）．１１例有ｐ５３基因突变的ＨＣＣ中,只有３例出现ｍｄｍ２基因表达,另外６例有ｍｄｍ２过表达的ＨＣＣ未见ｐ５３基因突变．ｐ５３基因突变的ＨＣＣ与ｐ５３基因无突变的ＨＣＣ相比,ｍｄｍ２基因表达阳性率无显著差别．结论ｐ５３基因突变和ｍｄｍ２基因表达在原发性ＨＣＣ的发病中起重要作用．ｍｄｍ２基因表达与ＨＣＣ的恶性程度相关．ｍｄｍ２基因表达与ｐ５３基因是否突变无关．     

肝细胞癌中端粒酶逆转录酶表达及其与肿瘤抑制基因p53相关性研究

目的探讨肝细胞肝癌（ＨＣＣ）中端粒酶逆转录酶（ＨＴＥＲＴ）ｍＲＮＡ表达意义及其与肿瘤抑制基因ｐ５３的相关性。方法收集３４例ＨＣＣ标本,应用ＲＮＡ－ＲＮＡ原位杂交技术检测ＨＴＥＲＴ ｍＲＮＡ表达,观察其与病理特征间的关系;用免疫组织化学技术检测ｐ５３蛋白,比较ＨＴＥＲＴ与ｐ５３表达间的关系。结果３０／３４例（８８．２％） ＨＣＣ中癌细胞ＨＴＥＲＴ ｍＲＮＡ呈阳性表达,其中小肝癌６例均为阳性;分化差、肝内外转移、包膜不完整、癌旁有活动性病变及ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性者ＨＴＥＲＴ ｍＲＮＡ表达较高;侵袭灶前沿癌细胞及少数非典型性增生的肝细胞中常见阳性。 ＨＴＥＲＴ ｍＲＮＡ和ｐ５３表达一致（均阳或均阴）者占７９．４％,两者表达具有相关性, ｐ５３阳性者 ＨＴＥＲＴ ｍＲＮＡ表达较强（Ｐ＜０．０５）。正常肝组织 ＨＴＥＲＴ ｍＲＮＡ呈阴性。结论 ＨＣＣ中 ＨＴＥＲＴ ｍＲＮＡ高表达; ＨＴＥＲＴ ｍＲＮＡ表达与ＨＣＣ发生、演进有关; ｐ５３可能参与ＨＴＥＲＴ ｍＲＮＡ的表达调控。     

KLF6、p21^WAF1/CIP1、CyclinD1在结直肠癌中的表达及意义

目的研究转录因子KLF6、p21WAF1/C IP1及Cyc linD1在结直肠癌中的表达及意义。方法应用免疫组化Envision法对58例结直肠癌组织、20例结直肠黏膜慢性炎症组织中的KLF6、p21WAF1/C IP1及Cyc linD1蛋白表达进行检测。结果结直肠癌组织KLF6、p21WAF1/C IP1及Cyc linD1蛋白表达率均与结直肠黏膜慢性炎症组织比较有统计学差异（P〈0.05）;KLF6、p21WAF1/C IP1及Cyc linD1蛋白在结直肠癌组织中的表达与其浸润深度及预后有关（P〈0.05）。结论 KLF6、p21WAF1/C IP1及Cyc linD1在结直肠癌的发生发展中可能起重要作用。     

p21~(WAF1/CIP1/SDI1)在大鼠肾脏组织的增龄性变化及意义

目的 研究p21野生型p53活化片段1/细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶影响蛋白1/衰老细胞衍生抑制剂1(p21WAF1/CIP1/SDI1)在大鼠肾脏中随年龄增长的表达变化规律. 方法 取3月龄、12月龄及24月龄健康雄性Wistar大鼠肾组织进行衰老相关β-半乳糖苷酶(SA-β-gal)活性染色,TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡,采用逆转录多聚酶链反应(RT-PCR)和Western印迹法(Western blot assay)分别在基因及蛋白质表达水平上检测肾脏组织中p21WAF1/CIP1/SDI1的表达变化,并用免疫组化法检测p21WAF1/CIP1/SDI1在肾脏组织中的表达与定位. 结果 大鼠肾脏组织SA-β-gal活性随年龄增长逐渐增强,凋亡细胞也随年龄增长逐渐增加(P＜0.05);p21WAF1/CIP1/SDI1 mRNA表达随年龄增长逐渐增强,不同月龄比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).Western印迹亦显示p21WAF1/CIP1/SDI1蛋白表达随鼠龄增加逐渐增强(P＜0.05).免疫组化结果显示,p21WAF1/CIP1/SDI1蛋白表达于大鼠肾小球足细胞,其在肾小管与间质细胞中也有表达,且随年龄增长表达增加(P＜0.05). 结论 p21WAF1/CIP1/SDI1在大鼠肾脏组织中的表达随年龄增加而增强,可作为肾脏组织中重要的衰老指标.     

p21WAF1/CIP1 基因转染对胃癌细胞生物学活性的影响

目的探讨p21^WAF1／CIP1基因(p21基因)对人胃癌细胞系(BGC)生物学活性的影响。方法应用分子克隆技术构建p21^WAF1／CIP1基因真核表达载体，然后用脂质体法将其导入到人胃癌细胞BGC中，经G418筛选获得可稳定表达p21^WAF1／CIP1的人胃癌细胞克隆，用中性红摄入法观察细胞生长速率，流式细胞仪(FcM)检测细胞周期变化。结果p21导入胃癌BGC细胞后，肿瘤细胞增值能力明显受到抑制，并出现细胞周期G1期阻滞。结论p21基因具有抑制胃癌细胞增殖的作用，可作为胃癌基因治疗的靶基因．     

Expression of p53 and p21WAF1/CIP1 Proteins in Gastric and Esophageal Cancers (Comparison with Mutations of the p53 Gene)

The p53 gene has been shown to be commonlymutated in various human cancers, and mutant p53 can actas a dominant oncogene. The intact p53 protein is alsoknown to induce the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21^WAF1/CIP1 and is implicated incell cycle arrest. We investigated p53 gene alterationsin gastric adenocarcinoma and esophageal squamous cellcarcinoma to elucidate the association of the nuclearaccumulation of the p53 protein and/orp21^WAF1/CIP1 protein. Abnormalities of thetumor suppressor gene p53 protein and the expression ofp21^WAF1/CIP1 protein were analyzed byimmunohistochemical techniques in 32 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma and 15 cases ofesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Twenty cases ofgastric cancer and five cases of esophageal cancer werealso analyzed for p53 gene mutation by polymerase chain reaction and direct nucleotide sequencing.Overexpression of p53 protein was found in 13/32 (41%)of gastric cancers and 5/15 (33%) of esophageal cancers.We found immunodetectable p53 in 10/14 cases with mutations and in none of 11 cases withoutmutations in gastric and esophageal cancers. Hence,immunohistochemical and genetic analyses gave concordantresults in 84% of 25 cases, revealing a good correlation between immunostaining of p53 and missensemutation of the p53 gene. p53 immunostaining was notobserved in cases with frameshift or splicing mutation.The expression of p21^WAF1/CIP1 protein wasfound in 9/32 (29%) of gastric cancers and 4/15 (27%) ofesophageal cancers and in 2/14 (14%) cases withalteration of the p53 gene and in 5/11 (45%) without.These results suggest that abnormalities of p53 may be closely associated with the pathogenesisof gastric adenocarcinoma and esophageal squamous cellcarcinoma and that the immunoreactivity of p53 proteinis a general indicator of the tumors with altered p53 function. The expression ofp21^WAF1/CIP1 protein was suppressed in theneoplastic tissues with and without p53 genealteration.     

p21<Superscript>WAF1/CIP1</Superscript> is more effective than p53 in growth suppression of mouse renal carcinoma cell line Renca in vitro and in vivo

Purpose Although there are many controversial reports about the effect of p53 and p21^WAF1/CIP1 overexpression in different human tumor cells, the p53 gene is shown to be a more effective candidate for cancer gene therapy because of its more pronounced ability to induce apoptosis. In the present study, we present the effect of p53 and p21^WAF1/CIP1 overexpression on mouse renal carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo.Methods p53 and p21^WAF1/CIP1 genes were introduced into Renca cells using adenoviral vectors (Ad5CMV-p53 and Ad5CMV-p21). The induction of apoptosis was measured using Annexin V assay and DNA fragmentation analysis. The expression of proteins was examined using immunocytochemistry and Western blot methods. The ability of adenoviral vectors to inhibit tumorigenicity of Renca cells, as well as the growth of pre-established tumors was measured.Results In vitro growth assays revealed higher growth suppression after Ad5CMV-p21 infection. Although both vectors induced apoptosis, Ad5CMV-p53 was slightly more efficient. In vivo studies in Balb/c mice, demonstrated that tumorigenicity was completely suppressed by Ad5CMV-p21. Besides this, Ad5CMV-p21 significantly inhibited the growth of established tumors, while Ad5CMV-p53 did not.Conclusions These data suggest that p21^WAF1/CIP1 is a more potent growth suppressor than p53 of mouse tumor cells Renca. The divergent responses of tumor cells to p21^WAF1/CIP1 overexpression could be due to various networks that differ between species.     

Clinical significance of apoptotic index in non-small cell lung cancer: correlation with p53, mdm2, pRb and p21WAF1/CIP1 protein expression

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic relevance of apoptotic index (AI), considered alone or together with expression of several proteins controlling G1 check point (p53, mdm2, pRb and p21^WAF1/CIP1) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Methods: Study group included 50 NSCLC patients who underwent curative pulmonary resection. Apoptosis was detected with the use of TUNEL technique and AI was defined as the number of apoptotic cells per 1,000 tumor cells. The expression of p53, mdm2, pRb and p21^WAF1/CIP1 was assessed immunohistochemically. Results: The mean and median AI calculated for all 50 patients was 14 and 9, respectively. Patients with lower (<14) and higher (≥14) AI constituted 35 (70%) and 15 (30%) of cases, respectively. AI was not correlated with patient clinical characteristics, and expression of p53, pRb and p21^WAF1/CIP1 . However, lower AI was correlated with over-expression of mdm2 protein (P=0.04). Median survival for patients with lower and higher AI was 43 months and 22 months, respectively, and 5-year survival probability—60 and 25%, respectively (P=0.03). In multivariate analysis, the only variable associated with shortened survival was AI (P=0.03, HR=2.9, 95% CI 1.95–3.86). Conclusions: These results suggest that AI correlates with mdm2 protein expression and influences survival in NSCLC.     

Role of p53 and p21/WAF1 detection in patient selection for preoperative radiotherapy in rectal cancer patients

BACKGROUND: Recent studies showed that p53 and p21 may play major roles in determining tumor radiosensitivity through the apoptosis pathway. The aim of this study was to investigate the predicting value of radiosensitivity in human rectal carcinoma. METHODS: p53 and p21/WAF1 expressions in formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded, preradiation biopsy samples from 49 patients with primary rectal carcinoma were analyzed immunohistochemically. p53 and p21 expressions and their relationships with histopathologic changes after radiation and other clinical features were evaluated. RESULTS: Expressions of p53 and p21/WAF1 were 49 and 28.6 percent, respectively. In 36.7 percent of total tumors, significant histopathologic effect can be observed. There was a significant inverse expression of p53 and p21. Most of the p53(+) or p21(–) tumors were radioresistant, and the majority of p53(–) or p21(+) tumors were radiosensitive. Tumors size in the radiosensitive, p53(–), or p21(+) group decreased more significantly than in radioresistant, p53(+), or p21(–) group (P<0.01), and patients with radioresistant, p53(+), or p21(–) tumors had more local recurrence, more distant metastasis, and a shorter five-year survival rate than those with radiosensitive, p53(–), or p21(+) tumors, but without statistic significance. No statistically significant correlation can be observed between other tumor clinical features and radiosensitivity, p53, or p21 expressions. CONCLUSION: Immunohistochemistry detection of p53 and p21 expressions may be useful parameters for more radiosensitive patients selected for preoperative radiotherapy.Supported by a Grant-in-aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan.Presented at the meeting of the Asian-Pacific Congress of Gastroenterology, Yokohama, Japan, September 19 to 23, 1996.