PTTG、bFGF和P53的表达与垂体腺瘤侵袭性的关系

目的 通过对垂体腺瘤中垂体瘤转化基因(pituitary tumor transforming gene,PTTG)、碱性成纤维生长因子(basic fibroblast growth factor,bFGF)和P53蛋白及mRNA表达的检测和相关性比较,探讨PTTG、bFGF和P53的表达与垂体腺瘤侵袭性之间的关系.方法 63例垂体腺瘤手术标本按侵袭性垂体腺瘤综合判定方法分为侵袭组和非侵袭组,采用免疫组化检测PTTG、bFGF和P53蛋白的表达,RT-PCR法检测PTTG、bFGF和P53 mRNA 的表达,分析侵袭组和非侵袭组PTTG、bFGF和P53表达水平的差异和相关性.结果 63例垂体瘤患者中,34例为侵袭性垂体腺瘤,29例为非侵袭性垂体腺瘤.侵袭性垂体腺瘤组的PTTG、bFGF和P53蛋白和mRNA表达均较非侵袭性腺瘤组增高.Pearson相关分析显示:侵袭性腺瘤组中PTTG与bFGF mRNA的表达成正相关(r=0.81,P《0.01); bFGF与P53 mRNA表达呈正相关(r=0.62,P《0.01); PTTG与P53 mRNA表达呈正相关(r=0.69, P《0.01).结论 垂体腺瘤的侵袭性与PTTG、bFGF和P53蛋白及mRNA的高表达密切相关,三者在侵袭性垂体腺瘤的高表达常同时存在;PTTG、bFGF和P53三者相互协同作用促进细胞增殖、肿瘤新生血管的生成,导致垂体腺瘤侵袭性增强;三者可以作为垂体腺瘤侵袭性的有效参考指标.     

侵袭性垂体腺瘤中MMP-2和TIMP-2的表达及其相互关系的研究

目的探讨基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)和组织金属蛋白酶抑制物-2(TIMP-2)在垂体腺瘤中的表达及其与垂体腺瘤侵袭性的相关性。方法用免疫组化SP法和RT-PCR法检测55例垂体腺瘤标本的MMP-2及TIMP-2的表达,分析其与侵袭性垂体腺瘤的关系及两者之间的相关性。结果免疫组化显示MMP-2在侵袭性垂体腺瘤的强阳性及阳性表达率分别为65.6%和93.8%,明显高于非侵袭性垂体腺瘤的13.1%和43.5%(P<0.05或P<0.01)。侵袭性和非侵袭性垂体腺瘤的TIMP-2强阳性表达率分别为6.3%和43.5%(P<0.01),阳性表达率分别为50.0%和82.6%(P<0.05)。RT-PCR显示侵袭性垂体腺瘤的MMP-2 mRNA表达明显高于非侵袭性垂体腺瘤(1.126±0.081,0.425±0.083,P<0.01)。侵袭性腺瘤组TIMP-2 mRNA表达(0.209±0.032)较非侵袭性腺瘤组(0.768±0.050)显著降低(P<0.01)。侵袭性腺瘤组中MMP-2与TIMP-2 mRNA表达呈负相关(r=-0.67,P<0.05),而非侵袭性腺瘤组中无相关性(r=-0.24,P>0.05)。结论MMP-2高表达及TIMP-2低表达与垂体腺瘤的侵袭性密切相关,MMP-2及TIMP-2可以作为垂体腺瘤侵袭性的有效参考指标。     

Ki-67抗原在侵袭性垂体腺瘤中的表达研究

目的　探讨垂体腺瘤中Ki- 6 7抗原表达与垂体腺瘤侵袭性的关系。方法　采用新一代鼠抗人Ki- 6 7单克隆抗体MIB - 1免疫组化LSAB法对 5 2例侵袭性垂体腺瘤和 35例非侵袭性垂体腺瘤中的Ki- 6 7抗原表达进行检测 ,以MIB - 1增殖细胞指数 (MIB - 1PCI)表示。对侵袭性腺瘤和非侵袭性腺瘤组间、有海绵窦侵袭腺瘤和无海绵窦侵袭腺瘤组间的MIB - 1PCI进行比较。结果　侵袭性垂体腺瘤组MIB - 1PCI为 (3.5 9± 2 .6 7) % ,非侵袭性垂体腺瘤组为 (2 .2 3± 2 .38) % ,2组间有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;海绵窦侵袭腺瘤组MIB - 1PCI为 (5 .4 2±5 .87) % ,无海绵窦侵袭腺瘤组为 (2 .6 3± 2 .86 ) % ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　Ki - 6 7抗原表达可以作为反映垂体腺瘤增殖潜能、侵袭性和侵袭程度的标志物 ,具有较高的临床应用价值     

PLGF及其受体VEGFR-1在侵袭性垂体腺瘤中的表达

目的:探讨胎盘生长因子(Placenta growth factor,PLGF)及其受体血管内皮生长因子受体-1(Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1,VEGFR-1)在侵袭性和非侵袭性垂体腺瘤中的表达及与垂体腺瘤侵袭发生发展的相关性.方法:收集57例垂体腺瘤手术标本,按侵袭性垂体腺瘤综合判定方法分为侵袭组和非侵袭组,采用免疫组化检测PLGF和VEGFR-1蛋白的表达,RT-PCR法检测PLGF和VEGFR-1 mRNA的表达,分析侵袭组和非侵袭组PLGF和VEGFR-1表达水平的差异.结果:57例垂体瘤患者中,30例为侵袭性垂体腺瘤,27例为非侵袭性垂体腺瘤.侵袭性垂体腺瘤组PLGF和VEGFR-1的蛋白和mRNA表达均较非侵袭性腺瘤组增高.结论:垂体腺瘤的侵袭性与PLGF和VEGFR-1蛋白及mRNA的高表达密切相关,二者可能参与侵袭性垂体腺瘤的发生及发展过程.     

垂体腺瘤的血管生成、瘤细胞的凋亡与侵袭性的关系

目的　探讨微血管密度 (Microvesseldensity,MVD)、瘤细胞凋亡 (Apoptosis)与肿瘤侵袭性的关系。方法应用EnVision二步法免疫组化技术检测 5 8例垂体腺瘤的微血管密度 (MVD) ;应用流式细胞术 (Flowcytometry ,FCM)对 38例垂体腺瘤 (12例侵袭性腺瘤 )检测瘤细胞凋亡情况 ;分为侵袭组和非侵袭组进行统计学分析 ,并对MVD与瘤细胞凋亡进行相关性分析。结果　侵袭性垂体腺瘤MVD为 6 .78± 1.6 7;非侵袭性垂体腺瘤MVD为 3.72± 1.0 2 ;差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。肿瘤细胞的凋亡百分比 ,侵袭性为 11.5 2± 6 .77(% ) ,非侵袭性为 6 .0 5± 4 .82 (% ) ,两者相比有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1)。侵袭性垂体腺瘤细胞凋亡率高 ,垂体腺瘤的异倍体率为 6 3.2 % ,其中侵袭性垂体腺瘤为 87.5 % ,非侵袭性腺瘤为 4 5 .5 % ,两者相比有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。直线相关分析显示 ,MVD与瘤细胞凋亡呈显著正相关 (r=0 .6 12 ,P <0 .0 5 )。结论　侵袭性垂体腺瘤MVD增高、DNA倍增明显 ,同时肿瘤细胞凋亡也增加。     

VEGF和MMP-2在垂体腺瘤中的表达及其相互关系的研究

目的:探讨血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)在垂体腺瘤中的表达及其与垂体腺瘤侵袭性的相关性.方法用免疫组化SP法和RT-PCR方法对55例垂体腺瘤标本的VEGF及MMP-2表达进行研究,分析其表达与侵袭性垂体腺瘤的关系及两者之间的相关性.结果 VEGF在侵袭性垂体腺瘤中的强阳性及阳性表达率分别为56.3%和100%,明显高于非侵袭性垂体腺瘤中的17.4%和56.5%(P＜0.05),MMP-2在侵袭性垂体腺瘤中的强阳性及阳性表达率分别为65.6%和93.8%,明显高于非侵袭性垂体腺瘤中的13.0%和43.5%(P＜0.01).侵袭性垂体腺瘤组中VEGF mRNA的表达明显高于非侵袭性垂体腺瘤组(0.768±0.050,0.209±0.032,P＜0.01),侵袭性垂体腺瘤组中MMP-2 mRNA的表达明显高于非侵袭性垂体腺瘤组(1.126±0.081,0.425±0.083,P＜0.01).侵袭性腺瘤组中MMP-2与VEGF的表达成正相关(r=0.463,P＜0.01),非侵袭性腺瘤组中MMP-2与VEGF的表达无明显相关性.结论 MMP-2及VEGF的高表达与垂体腺瘤的侵袭性密切相关.MMP-2与VEGF在肿瘤侵袭及新生血管形成过程中存在着内在联系.     

α-干扰素及其受体在垂体腺瘤的表达及意义

目的 :研究α 干扰素 (IFN α)及其受体 (IFN αR)在垂体腺瘤的表达。　方法 :对 42例垂体腺瘤患者采用免疫组化染色技术研究IFN α和IFN αR在瘤细胞中的表达情况 ,比较IFN α和IFN αR在侵袭性和非侵袭性、功能性和非功能性垂体腺瘤之间阳性表达率的差异。　结果 :IFN α和IFN αR在垂体腺瘤的阳性表达率分别为 6 1.9%和6 9% ;IFN α在侵袭性和非侵袭性垂体腺瘤的阳性表达率分别为 76 %和 41% ,二者比较差异显著 (χ2 =5 .2 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ;IFN αR在侵袭性和非侵袭性垂体腺瘤的阳性表达率分别为 84%和 47% ,二者比较差异显著 (χ2 =6 .4,P <0 .0 5 )。IFN α和IFN αR在功能性和非功能性垂体腺瘤的阳性表达率均无显著差异。　结论 :大多数垂体腺瘤细胞有IFN α和IFN αR表达 ;IFN αR在垂体腺瘤高表达为IFN α参与垂体腺瘤 ,特别是侵袭性垂体腺瘤细胞激素分泌和生长调节提供了基础     

垂体腺瘤中MMP-2、TIMP-2、CD147 mRNA的表达及其与垂体腺瘤侵袭性的关系

目的 探讨MMP-2、TIMP-2和CD147 mRNA在垂体腺瘤中的表达及其与垂体腺瘤侵袭性的关系.方法 采用RT-PCR法对60例垂体腺瘤中MMP-2、TIMP-2和CD147的mRNA进行半定量分析.结果 影像学证实,60例垂体瘤中,30例为侵袭性垂体腺瘤,30例为非侵袭性垂体腺瘤.RT-PCR显示,侵袭性垂体腺瘤组中MMP-2及CD147 mRNA表达显著高于非侵袭性垂体腺瘤组（P＜0.01）;TIMP-2mRNA表达显著低于非侵袭性腺瘤组（P＜0.01）.Pearson相关分析显示,侵袭性垂体腺瘤组中MMP-2与CD147 mRNA的表达成正相关（r=0.69,P＜0.05）.侵袭性腺瘤组中MMP-2与TIMP-2 mRNA表达水平成负相关（r=-0.68,P＜0.05）.结论 MMP-2、CD147 mRNA高表达,及TIMP-2 mRNA低表达与垂体腺瘤的侵袭性密切相关.MMP-2、TIMP-2、CD147可以作为判定垂体腺瘤侵袭性的有效指标.     

缺氧诱导因子-1α在垂体腺瘤中的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)在垂体腺瘤中的表达及与垂体腺瘤侵袭性的关系。方法收集的42例垂体腺瘤标本中侵袭性垂体腺瘤27例,非侵袭性垂体腺瘤15例,应用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测HIF-1αmRNA的表达;免疫组化染色检测HIF-1α蛋白的表达。并对侵袭组与非侵袭组的HIF-1α蛋白、HIF-1αmRNA表达及不同大小肿瘤HIF-1α蛋白表达进行分析比较。结果非侵袭组垂体腺瘤中HIF-1α蛋白表达阳性率与侵袭组比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.15,P=0.005);而HIF-1αmRNA在侵袭组的表达水平与非侵袭组比较,差异无统计学意义(t=1.041,P=0.329);垂体腺瘤直径>30 mm者HIF-1α蛋白表达阳性率与直径10～30 mm者比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.89,P=0.041)。结论 HIF-1α蛋白在侵袭性垂体腺瘤中的表达增加,并且与垂体腺瘤侵袭行为的产生有关。     

p53、bFGF和MVD的表达与垂体腺瘤侵袭性的关系

目的 探讨p53、碱性成纤维生长因子(basic fibroblast growth factor,bFGF)和MVD的表达与垂体腺瘤侵袭性发生之间的关系.方法 将63例垂体腺瘤手术标本分为侵袭组和非侵袭组,采用免疫组化检测p53、bFGF蛋白的表达,检测CD34标记的血管内皮细胞并计数MVD;RT-PCR法检测p53、bFGF mRNA 的表达,分析侵袭组和非侵袭组p53、bFGF和MVD表达水平的差异和相关性.结果 63例垂体瘤患者中,34例为侵袭性垂体腺瘤,29例为非侵袭性垂体腺瘤.侵袭性垂体腺瘤组的p53、bFGF蛋白和mRNA表达均较非侵袭性腺瘤组增高,其MVD计数也较非侵袭性腺瘤组增高.Pearson相关分析显示:侵袭性腺瘤组中p53与bFGF mRNA表达呈正相关(r=0.62,P＜0.01); p53 mRNA表达与MVD计数呈正相关(r=0.69,P＜0.01);bFGF mRNA表达与MVD计数呈正相关(r=0.81,P＜0.01).结论 p53、bFGF、MVD可作为判断垂体腺瘤侵袭性和评估预后的良好生物学指标.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.