癫和热性惊厥患儿血清及脑脊液神经元特异性烯醇化酶测定的临床意义

目的探讨癫(EP)和热性惊厥(FC)患儿血清和脑脊液神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)的含量及其与脑损伤的关系。方法采用电化学发光法测定EP和FC患儿惊厥发作后24h内血清和脑脊液NSE的水平。结果EP组和FC组惊厥发作后24h内血清和脑脊液NSE水平均明显高于对照组(P<0.05) ;惊厥严重组 (24h内发作≥3次和/或单次发作时间≥15min)EP患儿血清和脑脊液NSE水平也明显高于较轻组 (24h内发作<3次及单次发作时间<15min) ,P<0.05 ;FC严重组患儿血清和脑脊液NSE水平也明显高于较轻组(P<0.05)。结论EP和FC发作可引起血清和脑脊液NSE水平的升高 ,NSE水平与惊厥发作的严重程度有关 ;提示EP和FC发作可导致神经元损伤 ,频繁发作或长时间持续发作神经元损伤更严重。     

癫患儿血清及脑脊液神经元特异性烯醇化酶和肿瘤坏死因子-α测定的意义

目的探讨癫(EP)患儿血清和脑脊液(CSF)神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的表达及其与脑损伤的关系。方法EP患儿62例,分为严重组28例(首次采集标本前24 h内发作≥3次和(或)单次发作时间≥15 min),轻症组34例(24 h内发作<3次及单次发作时间<15 min)。采用电化学发光法测定62例EP患儿惊厥发作后24 h内和30例对照组血清和CSF中NSE水平;采用放射免疫法测定其血清NSE和CSF中TNF-α水平。结果EP严重组、轻症组和对照组血清和CSF中NSE、TNF-α经方差分析均有显著性差异(Pa<0.01)。严重组血清和CSF中NSE、TNF-α明显高于轻症组(P<0.01,0.05)。二组血清和CSF中NSE、TNF-α与对照组比较,均有显著性差异(Pa<0.01)。NSE血清和CSF水平有相关性[r(重)=0.579,r(轻)=0.55Pa<0.01];TNF-α水平也有相关性[r(重)=0.525,r(轻)=0.488 Pa<0.01]。CSF中NSE、TNF-α水平呈高度正相关[r(重)=0.512,r(轻)=0.454 Pa<0.01]。结论EP患儿血清、CSF中NSE和TNF-α水平明显增高,NSE上升水平与癫发作的频率、持续时间密切有关,能反映癫发作脑损伤的严重程度。TNF-α与NSE相关,参与EP脑损伤的病理过程。     

癫(癎)患儿血清及脑脊液神经元特异性烯醇化酶和肿瘤坏死因子-α测定的意义

目的 探讨癫(癎)(EP)患儿血清和脑脊液(CSF)神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的表达及其与脑损伤的关系.方法 EP患儿62例,分为严重组28例(首次采集标本前24 h内发作≥3次和(或)单次发作时间≥15 min),轻症组34例(24 h内发作＜3次及单次发作时间＜15 min).采用电化学发光法测定62例EP患儿惊厥发作后24 h内和30例对照组血清和CSF中NSE水平;采用放射免疫法测定其血清NSE和CSF中TNF-α水平.结果 EP严重组、轻症组和对照组血清和CSF中NSE、TNF-α经方差分析均有显著性差异(Pa＜0.01).严重组血清和CSF中NSE、TNF-α明显高于轻症组(P＜0.01,0.05).二组血清和CSF中NSE、TNF-α与对照组比较,均有显著性差异(Pa＜0.01).NSE血清和CSF水平有相关性[r(重)=0.579,r(轻)=0.55 Pa＜0.01];TNF-α水平也有相关性[r(重)=0.525,r(轻)=0.488 Pa＜0.01].CSF中NSE、TNF-α水平呈高度正相关[r(重)= 0.512,r(轻)=0.454 Pa＜0.01].结论 EP患儿血清、CSF中NSE和TNF-α水平明显增高,NSE上升水平与癫(癎)发作的频率、持续时间密切有关,能反映癫(癎)发作脑损伤的严重程度.TNF-α与NSE相关,参与EP脑损伤的病理过程.     

癫痫患儿血清及脑脊液神经元特异性烯醇化酶和肿瘤坏死因子-α测定的意义

目的探讨癫痫（EP）患儿血清和脑脊液（CSF）神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）的表达及其与脑损伤的关系。方法EP患儿62例,分为严重组28例（首次采集标本前24 h内发作≥3次和（或）单次发作时间≥15 min）,轻症组34例（24 h内发作〈3次及单次发作时间〈15 min）。采用电化学发光法测定62例EP患儿惊厥发作后24 h内和30例对照组血清和CSF中NSE水平;采用放射免疫法测定其血清NSE和CSF中TNF-α水平。结果EP严重组、轻症组和对照组血清和CSF中NSE、TNF-α经方差分析均有显著性差异（Pa〈0.01）。严重组血清和CSF中NSE、TNF-α明显高于轻症组（P〈0.01,0.05）。二组血清和CSF中NSE、TNF-α与对照组比较,均有显著性差异（Pa〈0.01）。NSE血清和CSF水平有相关性[r（重）=0.579,r（轻）=0.55Pa〈0.01];TNF-α水平也有相关性[r（重）=0.525,r（轻）=0.488 Pa〈0.01]。CSF中NSE、TNF-α水平呈高度正相关[r（重）=0.512,r（轻）=0.454 Pa〈0.01]。结论EP患儿血清、CSF中NSE和TNF-α水平明显增高,NSE上升水平与癫痫发作的频率、持续时间密切有关,能反映癫痫发作脑损伤的严重程度。TNF-α与NSE相关,参与EP脑损伤的病理过程。     

惊厥患儿血β-内啡肽和神经元特异性烯醇化酶变化的意义

目的探讨惊厥患儿血β-内啡肽（β—EP）和神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）水平变化的意义。方法选择惊厥患儿（惊厥组）62例，根据病因不同，分为病毒性脑炎（VE，16例）、癫痫（EP，22例）、热性惊厥（FC，24例）3组。依据病情分为严重组29例，普通组33例。健康对照组20例。采用放射免疫法测定各组血浆β—EP水平，采用酶联免疫法测定其血清NSE水平。结果1.惊厥各组惊厥发作24h内血浆β-EP和血清NSE水平均显著高于健康对照组（Pa〈0．01）。但3组不同病因之间比较无显著性差异（Pa〉0．05）。2．普通与严重组惊厥发作24h内血液β-EP和NSE水平均显著高于健康对照组（Pa〈0．01）。严重组β-EP和NSE水平显著高于普通组（Pa〈0．01）。惊厥发作次数越多，持续时间越长，惊厥程度越重，β-EP和NSE水平越高。3．惊厥患儿急性期血β—EP与NSE呈显著正相关（r=0．86P〈0．01）。结论惊厥发作后血液β—EP和NSE水平与脑损伤严重程度密切相关，可作为早期判断惊厥性脑损伤的客观指标之一。     

惊厥患儿脑脊液神经元特异性烯醇化酶水平变化

目的探讨脑脊液中神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)水平在惊厥性脑损伤中的变化。方法选择90例惊厥患儿,根据惊厥发作的频率和单次惊厥发作的持续时间分为短程惊厥组(51例)和长程惊厥组(39例),再根据病因分为病毒性脑炎组、原发性癫组和热性惊厥组,采集患儿惊厥发作后24~48 h内的脑脊液;以23例外科手术患儿作为对照组,手术前采集脑脊液。采用酶联免疫分析法测定并比较各组脑脊液中NSE水平。结果长程惊厥组及短程惊厥组脑脊液NSE水平均高于对照组,而长程惊厥组更高于短程惊厥组,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05);无论在短程还是长程惊厥组,病毒性脑炎患儿的脑脊液NSE水平均明显高于原发性癫组和热性惊厥组,差异有统计学意义(P均0.01),而后两者间的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论惊厥发作可导致脑脊液中NSE水平升高,尤以长程惊厥及病毒性脑炎明显;脑脊液中NSE水平可作为早期判断惊厥后脑损伤的客观指标。     

热性惊厥患儿神经元特异性烯醇化酶、一氧化氮、一氧化氮合酶的变化

目的探讨热性惊厥(FC)患儿血清和脑脊液(CSF)神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、一氧化氮(NO)和一氧化氮合酶(NOS)的含量及其与FC发病机制、脑损伤的关系。方法分别采用电化学发光法、硝酸还原酶法、酶测定法测定FC患儿血清和CSF中NSE、NO、NOS的含量。 结果 FC组血清和CSF中NSE水平均明显高于对照组(P均<0.05);严重组FC患儿血清和CSF中NSE水平明显高于普通组(P<0.05)。FC组CSF中NO水平、NOS活性均明显低于对照组(P均<0.05) 结论 FC发作可引起血清和CSF中NSE水平升高,可导致神经元损伤,NO可能有抗惊厥作用     

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目的探讨热性惊厥(FC)继发癫癎(EP)的危险因素,以便早期干预.方法对1988年1月至2000年6月在内蒙古医学院第四附属医院儿科住院的253例FC患儿,进行5年至17年5个月随访观察.以第1次FC发作住院为随访起点,再次住院或家庭访问为随访方式,观察FC患儿继发EP的年发生率.并对FC患儿的发作持续时间、发作总次数、发作体温、首次发作24h内的发作次数、初发年龄、惊厥家族史、发作形式、首次发作48h内的脑电图、性别、原发病等可能继发EP的危险因素详细观察记录.所得资料应用生存分析寿命表和生存分析+COX回归作多元回归分析.结果随访253例FC继发EP 19例.5,10,17年继发EP年发生率分别是0.53%,1.69%,8.70%.FC发作持续时间和发作总次数,经分析分别P<0.05和P<0.01,B分别为负值和正值,分别RR<1和RR>1,其95%可信区间内均不包含1;发作形式和惊厥家族史,均P<0.01,B均为正值,均RR>1,其95%可信区间内均不包含1.结论 FC的发作持续时间长、发作总次数增多、局灶性发作及有惊厥家族史是继发EP的危险因素.     

惊厥患儿血清、脑脊液神经元特异性烯醇化酶变化的意义

目的探讨脑脊液和血液神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)水平在判断惊厥性脑损伤中作用。方法以60例患儿作为研究对象,分为非神经系统疾病组、周围神经疾病组、短程惊厥组和长程/持续惊厥组,比较各组脑脊液和血清NSE水平差异;同时观察惊厥患儿脑电图和头颅影像学改变。结果惊厥发作后患儿血清和脑脊液NSE水平升高,且长程/持续惊厥组NSE水平升高更为明显;NSE在血清及脑脊液水平变化具有一致性;长程/持续惊厥组脑电图异常阳性率明显高于短程惊厥组,而两组头颅影像学方面改变无显著差异。结论NSE检测有助于及时判断惊厥性脑损伤,与脑电图反映脑功能受损意义一致,且较头颅影像学改变更敏感。惊厥后及时动态观察血清或脑脊液NSE水平变化,并结合脑电图检查对判断脑损伤程度及预后有重要价值。     

癫痫和热性惊厥病儿一氧化氮一氧化氮合酶的研究

目的　探讨癫痫 (EP)和热性惊厥 (FC)病儿血清和脑脊液 (CSF)一氧化氮 (NO)和一氧化氮合酶(NOS)的含量及其与EP和FC的发病机制的关系。方法　分别采用硝酸还原酶法、酶测定法测定EP和FC病儿惊厥发作后 2 4h内血清和CSFNO和NOS的含量。结果　EP组和FC组CSFNO水平均明显低于对照组 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;而EP组和FC组血清NO水平均明显高于对照组 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。FC组CSFNOS活性也明显低于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　EP和FC病儿CSFNO水平明显低于对照组 ,提示NO可能与阻止惊厥发作有关 ,并可能有抗惊厥作用。FC病儿CSFNOS活性明显低于对照组 ,与FC病儿CSFNO水平下降一致 ,进一步支持NO在FC中可能有抗惊厥作用 ,这一结果可为EP的临床药物治疗和研制开发提供新的思路。     

Normal and abnormal height and weight development in children and adolescents in Krakow--changes and trends in the last thirty years

The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of height and weight disharmony in children and adolescents in Krakow, i.e. both overweight and underweight in relation to height and the trends in last thirty years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 4532 individuals -- a random sample of children and adolescents (2416 boys and 2107 girls) were examined in 2000. The results of the examination were compared with data obtain in 1971 (random sample of 4090 individuals) and with results from 1983 (random sample of 6536 individuals). Percentile position of height and weight were compared: the difference of two or more percentiles channels classified the results as overweight or underweight depending on height. THE RESULTS: Of the research prove that the frequency of occurrence of dis-harmonious body built increases with age, both with regard to overweight and underweight related to height and this phenomenon is more frequent in girls. In last thirty years a progressive increase of frequency of overweight was observed, but in girls it was noticeable and statistically significant only in 1971 -- 1983.     

Trends in perinatal and neonatal mortality and morbidity in India

Although the infant mortality rate (IMR) has reduced by 50% during the past century, it compares poorly with the advanced countries and some developing countries. The observed fall in IMR has been mostly in post-neonatal mortality, with the result that neonatal deaths now account for over 60% of all infant deaths. The overall perinatal mortality rate (PMR) in India is still over 50 per 1000 and has shown virtually no decline during the past decade, However, PMR differs widely in different states, urban/rural areas, different hospitals and so on. PMR is seen to correlate better with social development than economic development of the representative community. The causes of perinatal deaths suggest poor health of mother and poor health facilities and are hence potentially preventable. Various studies have shown that PMR can be significantly reduced within a short span of time. The registration of vital statistics continue to be highly unsatisfactory especially in rural areas.     

Bacteriuria in Pregnancy and Infection in Amniotic Fluid and Infant

Women with asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy had sterile amniotic fluid at the time of delivery.There was no evidence that maternal urinary infection was associated with infection in the infant.     

Prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents in a county in Sweden

Overweight among young people in Sweden is increasing. The aim of the present study was to investigate the frequency of overweight and obesity based on body mass index (BMI) values among children and adolescents. Overweight was defined as a BMI value > or = 91st percentile and obesity as a BMI value > 98th percentile on an international reference BMI curve. The study population included boys and girls from four age groups: 9, 12, 15 and 18 y. The data consisted of self-reported measures of height and weight that were obtained from questionnaires used in a cross-sectional study in December 1997. A validation study was performed using a part of the study population. A total of 7011 (81.7%) participants completed the questionnaire. The correlation between self-reported estimations and objective measures of height and weight was high in the oldest age groups (0.88-0.98), but lower in the 9-y-old age groups (0.37-0.72). These self-reported estimations in the 9-y-olds were excluded from further analysis. It was found that 12.3%, 11.6% and 11.4% of the boys in the 12-, 15- and 18-y-old age groups and 6.8%, 5.5% and 4.8% of the girls in the same age groups were overweight and 7.9%, 8.9% and 7.3% of the boys and 5.1%, 4.2% and 3.9% of the girls were obese. Conclusion: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was found to be high in the study population and is a serious public health problem. The prevalence of obesity was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in 15-y-old boys living in rural areas than in city and town dwellers of the same age.