高频彩色多普勒超声检查浅表软组织肿块的应用价值

目的：探讨高频超声及彩色多普勒血流显像（CDFI）对浅表软组织肿块的诊断价值。方法：对217例经病理证实的浅表软组织肿块的二维声像图及彩色多普勒血流显像进行分析。结果：217例中良性病变179例,恶性病变38例。超声对病变的检出率为100%,准确率为94.0%（204/217）。良恶性肿物的血流动力学参数Vmax、RI有显著性差异。结论：高频超声及彩色多普勒血流显像对浅表软组织肿块的诊断及鉴别诊断具有一定的临床价值。     

超声诊断体表肿物的临床价值探讨

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声在体表肿物诊治中的临床意义。方法对38例因各种原因发现体表肿物的患者,应用5-12MHz高频探头二维超声直接扫查及彩色多普勒进行检测,全部病例进行手术治疗或活检。结果聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶填充所致体表肿物占病例多数。共18例。彩色多普勒超声能区分血管瘤和血管畸形。37例在超声定性后经手术彻底去除肿物,1例经口服抗结核药治愈。结论超声对体表肿物的诊断有重要意义。     

超声助力式弹性成像和声触诊组织成像量化技术对浅表软组织肿物诊断的价值

目的探讨超声助力式弹性成像(EI)和声触诊组织成像量化(VTQ)技术对浅表软组织肿物的诊断价值。方法回顾性收集经活检或手术病理证实且常规超声诊断有浅表软组织肿物的病人50例,共64个肿物。采用常规超声测量肿物大小、纵横比并观察其形态、边界、内部回声等指标,彩色多普勒观察血流信号,采用助力式EI获得肿物的弹性影像,并进行半定量评分,采用VTQ技术测量剪切波速度(SWV)。以病理结果为金标准,计算常规超声、EI评分和VTQ技术对良恶性浅表软组织肿物的诊断效能。采用Wilcoxon秩和检验比较良恶性肿物间的SWV,绘制SWV的受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线,计算ROC曲线下面积(AUC)。结果64个肿物中,病理诊断良性肿物51个,恶性肿物13个。常规超声诊断浅表软组织肿物良恶性的敏感度、特异度、准确度分别为76.9%(10/13)、90.2%(46/51)、87.5%(56/64),EI诊断的敏感度、特异度、准确度分别为76.9%(10/13)、88.2%(45/51)、85.9%(55/64),EI联合常规超声诊断的敏感度、特异度及准确度分别为84.6%(11/13)、94.1%(48/51)、92.2%(59/64)。VTQ检测恶性肿物的SWV高于良性肿物(P<0.05)。取SWV值2.995 m/s作为诊断阈值时,VTQ鉴别诊断肿物良恶性的AUC为0.983,其敏感度、特异度分别为92.3%、90.2%。结论EI弹性评分可半定量反映肿物组织的硬度信息,VTQ可定量评估肿物组织硬度弹性特征,两种成像模式对鉴别诊断浅表软组织肿物良恶性有一定价值。     

Soft tissue masses in children

The diagnosis of soft tissue masses in children can be challenging because there is a broad spectrum of entities that can present as such. Ultrasonography is the primary diagnostic imaging modality in the pediatric age and is especially useful for small and superficial lesions. MR imaging can be helpful, particularly in the evaluation of large and deep soft tissue lesions. Correlation of the imaging findings with the clinical information is crucial in the diagnostic work-up. This article reviews the most common causes of soft tissue masses that require imaging in children.     

Ultrasound evaluation of soft tissue masses and fluid collections

Musculoskeletal ultrasound has utility as a first-line screening modality in the evaluation of soft tissue masses. The sonographic appearances of cysts or lipomas may be sufficient to obviate the need for further imaging. For other complex cystic or solid masses, ultrasound is an inexpensive, widely available imaging modality that can evaluate lesion vascularity, guide diagnostic and therapeutic aspiration or biopsy procedures, and be used for follow-up examinations to determine response to therapeutic interventions.     

Primary synovial chondromatosis and synovial chondrosarcoma: a pictorial review

This article illustrates the imaging characteristics of primary synovial chondromatosis (PSC) using 20 cases referred to a tertiary orthopaedic oncology centre. Three quarters of patients presented with a large intra-articular soft tissue mass and a suspected clinical and radiological diagnosis of malignancy made in the referring centres. Radiographs demonstrated fine cartilaginous mineralisation in the soft tissue masses in 85% cases and bone erosions were shown on MR imaging in 80%. Malignant transformation to chondrosarcoma was proven in 2 cases with longstanding disease. There were no specific MR features to distinguish these cases with malignant change from PSC alone. Primary synovial chondromatosis should be considered in the diagnosis of the monarticular presentation of an intra-articular soft tissue mass, particularly in the presence of superficial bone erosions and signal voids due to the mineralisation.     

Biopsy of deep-seated head and neck lesions under intraoral ultrasound guidance

Although transcutaneous ultrasound combined with fine-needle aspiration is often used as initial modality for evaluating superficial neck masses, its role in management of deep-seated neck masses is limited. Intraoral ultrasound and guided biopsy helps in obtaining tissue from deep-seated neck masses for an accurate histologic diagnosis, providing useful information in treatment planning. This article discusses the role of intraoral ultrasound and presents 3 cases in which biopsy of deep-seated neck masses under intraoral ultrasound guidance helped in diagnosis and management.     

高频超声与磁共振检查对浅表软组织肿块的诊断价值

目的评价超声检查对软组织肿块的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析21例手术后经病理学检查明确诊断的软组织肿块的超声表现,并与MRI表现进行对照,比较两种方法的定性诊断符合率及对肿块的显示情况。结果超声与MRI对软组织肿块的检出率均为100%,诊断符合率分别为80.95%(17/21)和85.71%(18/21),两者的诊断符合率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论超声检查可较好地显示软组织肿块的内部结构和血供情况,对浅表部位软组织肿块具有较高的定性诊断价值;但对肿瘤周围结构的显示不足,对解剖结构复杂的肿块诊断尚需与MRI检查相结合。     

Rosai-Dorfman disease presenting as multiple soft tissue masses

Rosai-Dorfman disease is a rare clinical disorder which may present in many forms. While classically a disease of lymph nodes, soft tissue involvement is fairly common. Soft tissue involvement can occur without any lymphatic or systemic involvement, and may be difficult to diagnose. We describe a patient presenting with multiple soft tissue masses which on biopsy proved to be isolated cutaneous Rosai-Dorfman disease. MR imaging showed two well-defined nonspecific superficial masses that enhanced intensely. Review of the literature suggests that when this disease presents in soft tissue, multiple foci of involvement may be common. Although rare, Rosai-Dorfman disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with multiple soft tissue masses.     

Cardiac tumors

Summary Tumors of the heart are very rare. Due to the nonspecific clinical presentation the diagnosis is usually made by radiological procedures. Cardiac myxomas and thrombi are the most common cardiac masses. Two-dimensional echocardiography is the method of choice for the initial evaluation of cardiac tumors, because it permits the accurate determination of the tumor's size, localization, point of attachment, mobility and haemodynamic significance. Inadequate or nondiagnostic ultrasound examination and the need for preoperative assessment are indications for further examinations, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography. Both these methods are helpful in the assessment of paracardiac structures and of the tumor invasion into great vessels and the mediastinum. MRI allows a limited degree of assessment of whether or not the tumor is malignant by soft tissue characterization. In the case of resectable, symptomatic, cardiac tumors surgical excision should be performed. Eingegangen am 23. Dezember 1996 Angenommen am 10. Januar 1997     

Musculoskeletal ultrasound and MRI: which do I choose?

In the diagnosis of musculoskeletal disorders, there are several applications where both ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be considered viable alternatives. Because there are advantages and disadvantages to each imaging method, often it is unclear which should be considered for a specific indication. This article reviews this topic in the following manner. First, musculoskeletal applications where there are significant advantages for the use of ultrasound are discussed, which includes evaluation of soft tissue foreign bodies, peripheral nerves, pathologies that require dynamic imaging for diagnosis, and soft tissues adjacent to metal hardware. This is followed by a discussion of indications where both ultrasound and MRI may be considered, such as evaluation of a focal tendon abnormality, focal ligament abnormality, soft tissue fluid collection, and confirmation of a probable benign cyst, such as Baker's cyst and wrist ganglion. Musculoskeletal ultrasound should be viewed as an imaging method that complements MRI rather than one that competes with MRI in the evaluation of musculoskeletal abnormalities, as it can offer important information.     

Ultrasound in musculoskeletal tumors with emphasis on its role in tumor follow-up.

Ultrasonography allows visualization of musculoskeletal masses that are not confined to the intraosseous compartment and assists in the determination of the consistency of such masses. Making a specific diagnosis using ultrasonography is hampered by the lack of specificity; however, it may be an indicator in guiding diagnostic needle biopsy, especially in large heterogeneous tumors. Color Doppler flow imaging allows visualization of blood flow within solid soft tissue masses. Probably, CDFI features do not assist in differentiation between malignant and benign tumors; however, it has proved to be a useful tool to monitor regression of tumor neovascularity induced by therapy in patients with musculoskeletal sarcoma. When recurrence of a soft tissue sarcoma is clinically suspected, ultrasonography can be used as the initial imaging technique for evaluation. Ultrasonography can also be used in addition to MR imaging when susceptibility artifacts secondary to orthopedic hardware (including prostheses) prevent evaluation of specific areas.     

Magnetic resonance imaging of musculoskeletal soft tissue masses

The role of MR imaging in the evaluation of children with large, deep, or infiltrative soft tissue masses is to characterize and determine the extent of the lesion for treatment planning. There are a small number of soft tissue tumors with MR imaging appearances characteristic enough to allow a specific diagnosis, obviating biopsy. In the remaining cases with nonspecific imaging appearances, MR imaging is used for anatomic staging, but tissue sampling is still required for determining histology and grading.     

Soft tissue masses in the foot and ankle: characteristics on MR Imaging

Benign neoplasms and tumor-like lesions constitute the majority of soft tissue masses in the foot and ankle. Therefore, malignant tumors are often unsuspected at this site and misdiagnosed clinically, especially if occurring in young individuals with unspecific or long-standing clinical symptoms. In addition to radiography, MR imaging represents the method of choice in evaluation of foot tumors. Because of their relatively characteristic imaging appearance, in most cases of benign soft tissue lesions of the foot and ankle a specific diagnosis can be suggested. Unfortunately, malignant tumors can also arise with nonaggressive imaging features. Diagnostic errors can be avoided if any soft tissue lesion that cannot be specifically diagnosed is regarded as potentially malignant until proved otherwise. This article reviews the MR appearance of the most common benign and malignant soft tissue masses in the foot and ankle together with their clinical, radiographic, and pathological findings.     

表浅软组织肿块的超声诊断

目的 :讨论超声对软组织肿块的诊断价值和局限性 ,总结恶性纤维组织细胞瘤 (MFH)的声像图特征。资料和方法 :对 5 8例软组织肿块进行超声诊断并与病理对照。结果 :超声病变检出率 10 0 % ,超声病理对照符合率为 6 9% ( 4 0 /5 8)。结论 :超声诊断常见病较容易 ,对软组织病变检出率高 ,是首选检查方法 ;但对肿瘤定性有局限性 ,术前活组织检查必不可少。     

Radiographic analysis of solitary bone lesions

Solitary bone lesions are common diagnostic dilemmas. Conventional radiography is frequently the initial imaging study for evaluation. This article provides an organized approach to analyzing and categorizing these lesions based on radiographs, emphasizes the development of a reasonable and accurate differential diagnosis, and guides the referring physician if further imaging evaluation is warranted. Use of clinical information and analysis of specific radiographic features, including lesion location, rate of growth, the presence and character of periosteal reaction, tumor matrix, and the presence of an associated soft tissue mass is reviewed. Radiographic evaluation of soft tissue masses is briefly discussed.     

Cross-sectional imaging of idiopathic solitary renal vein varix: report of two cases

Two cases of solitary renal vein varices are reported which presented as incidental findings on abdominal computed tomography (CT) and were initially thought to represent retroperitoneal lymph nodes. Contrast-enhanced CT, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and Doppler ultrasound (US), all demonstrated the vascular nature of these masses suggesting the correct diagnosis. When a rounded soft tissue density mass is seen on noncontrast-enhanced CT either in or contiguous to the renal hilum, a renal vein varix must be excluded. Doppler US, MRI, or dynamic contrast-enhanced CT should be done to exclude a renal varix as the cause.     

Magnetic resonance imaging of musculoskeletal tumors: skeletal and soft tissue masses

The purpose of this article is to review the MRI characteristics of musculoskeletal tumors, including skeletal and soft tissue masses. MRI has become the premier imaging modality for the evaluation of musculoskeletal tumors because of its excellent soft tissue contrast, its sensitivity to bone marrow and soft tissue edema, and its multiple imaging planes. In a substantial subset of cases, MRI can provide a diagnosis or a short differential diagnosis, while certain tumors have no distinguishing signal characteristics. MRI of musculoskeletal tumors can also be challenging, because the MRI appearance of certain lesions can be misleading, and a knowledge of the instances in which MRI over- and underestimates the malignancy of lesions is invaluable. The importance of correct protocols for tumor evaluation, both in diagnosis and in pre-operative evaluation, are discussed. Common pitfalls that may over- or underestimate the aggresivity of lesions will be highlighted, as will the role of gadolinium enhancement in the evaluation of lesions. The MRI appearance of common benign and malignant muculoskeletal lesions will be illustrated.     

胃底憩室CT与MRI诊断价值

目的探讨胃底憩室的CT与MRI表现及鉴别诊断,提高胃底憩室的认识避免误诊。方法回顾性分析在日常CT与MRI检查中发现的6例胃底憩室的影像学特征及临床表现。结果 6例胃底憩室,发生于贲门下方,形态多样,呈不规则含气囊腔4例,软组织肿块2例。结论胃底憩室较少见,憩室的大小、内有无食物、颈的宽窄可有不同表现,易误诊为肾上腺肿瘤和胃溃疡穿通,CT与MRI可清晰显示病变。