中耳乳突胆脂瘤基质旁组织在胆脂瘤上皮增生中的作用

中耳乳突胆脂瘤的病理特点为中耳腔内存在异位的复层鳞状上皮 ,而在上皮与邻近骨质之间还存在炎性结缔组织和肉芽组织 ,称为基质旁组织 (perimatrix) ,其在胆脂瘤发生发展中的作用正日益引起重视。我们采用组织病理学和免疫组织化学方法研究胆脂瘤基质旁组织与胆脂瘤上皮增生的关系 ,旨在对胆脂瘤基质旁组织在胆脂瘤发生、发展中的作用进行初步研究。一、材料和方法1.材料 :17例中耳乳突胆脂瘤标本为 1995～ 1998年后天继发性胆脂瘤型慢性化脓性中耳乳突炎患者术后保留的石蜡标本 ,由武汉大学人民医院病理科提供 ,其中男 11例 ,女 6例 ,年龄…     

白细胞介素1a与白细胞介素1β在中耳胆脂瘤发病机理中的可能作用

中耳胆脂瘤形成的基础是中耳腔鳞状上皮的化生及其对骨质的破坏。白细胞介素-1(IL-1)存在于正常及变性的上皮细胞内,作为上皮细胞的自分泌生长因子(autocrine growth factor)刺激上皮细胞增生,促使骨质降解。为探讨IL-1在胆脂瘤发病机理中的作用,用抗IL-1的亚型—IL-1α、IL-1β多克隆抗体,研究其在胆脂瘤、耳道、耳后上皮及扁桃体非角化上皮细胞的分布。免疫组化染色显示,胆脂瘤各细胞层、耳道耳后皮肤上皮均呈阳性反应,     

缺氧诱导因子-1α在中耳胆脂瘤组织中的表达

目的:探讨缺氧诱导因子- 1α(HIF- 1α)在中耳胆脂瘤发病机制中的作用,检测其在中耳胆脂瘤和外 耳道正常上皮中的表达情况。方法:取31例中耳胆脂瘤和10例外耳道正常上皮标本,用免疫组织化学技术检测 HIF-1α蛋白的表达。结果:在中耳胆脂瘤中HIF-1α的表达较外耳道正常上皮明显增多(P<0.05)。结论:中耳 胆脂瘤中HIF-1α的表达显著升高,推测HIF-1在中耳胆脂瘤的发生、发展过程中具有极其重要的作用,并且缺 氧有可能是中耳胆脂瘤发病机制中的一个诱因。     

中耳胆脂瘤病因及发病机理研究的进展

中耳胆脂瘤病因及发病机理研究的进展李厚恩汪磊中耳胆脂瘤的特征表现为中耳腔内存在高度增殖的角化鳞状上皮和邻近的骨质破坏。关于胆脂瘤的病因学和发病机理，研究的重点为胆脂瘤上皮的特性和演变、骨质破坏、免疫细胞浸润、病毒的作用、细胞角蛋白的表达、胆脂瘤的血管...     

凋亡相关基因与中耳胆脂瘤

中耳胆脂瘤是慢性化脓性中耳炎的一种类型,其特征是中耳腔内存在高度增殖的角化鳞状上皮和邻近骨质的破坏以及细胞的加速凋亡.以往关于中耳胆脂瘤的研究主要集中于上皮细胞的高度增生和骨质破坏等方面,而有关中耳胆脂瘤细胞凋亡的报道较少,本文就几种凋亡相关基因在中耳胆脂瘤细胞凋亡中的作用研究做一综述.     

表皮生长因子受体在胆脂瘤型中耳炎上皮的表达

胆脂瘤型中耳炎的发病原因至今尚不明确；其病理组织学特点是中耳腔内存在着表皮角化的复层鳞状上皮。一般认为，胆脂瘤上皮是以因过度增生的角化细胞失调而导致中耳正常粘膜的损伤为特点的。本文对20例本病患者的胆脂瘤上皮应用免疫组织化学方法，观察表皮生长因子受体（EGF－R）的表达状况，旨在探讨在胆脂瘤上皮中是否存在EGF－R的表达及其意义。1材料与方法1．1材料来源20例患者中，男12例，女8例；年龄14～65岁，病史3～60岁。胆脂瘤上皮标本取自胆脂瘤型中耳炎乳突手术，平坦、树状胆脂瘤14例，珍珠状胆脂瘤6例。同时取患者正常耳…     

中耳乳突胆脂瘤基质旁组织在胆脂瘤上皮增生中的作用

中耳乳突胆脂瘤的病理特点为中耳腔内存在异位的复层鳞状上皮，而在上皮与邻近骨质之间还存在炎性结缔组织和肉芽组织，称为基质旁组织(perimatrix)，其在胆脂瘤发生发展中的作用正日益引起重视。我们采用组织病理学和免疫组织化学方法研究胆脂瘤基质旁组织与胆脂瘤上皮增生的关系，旨在对胆脂瘤基质旁组织在胆脂瘤发生、发展中的     

中耳胆脂瘤病因及发病机理研究的新进展

中耳胆脂瘤是一种常见病，其主要的特征表现为中耳腔存在大量的、增殖的、角化的鳞状上皮和邻近骨质的破坏，以及程序性角化细胞凋亡，导致腔内角化碎屑的堆积。在中耳腔内，胆脂瘤不断增大，造成骨质破坏，引起严重听力丧失、反复感染、前庭功能紊乱、甚至发生颅内并发症，威胁患者生命。患者的听力情况取决于上鼓室胆脂瘤对听力的影响，如     

中耳胆脂瘤与增殖凋亡相关基因调控

中耳胆脂瘤是慢性化脓性中耳炎的一种类型,其特征是中耳腔内存在高度增殖的角化鳞状上皮和邻近骨质的破坏以及细胞的加速凋亡。先后有多种基因被发现在胆脂瘤上皮中存在异常表达,其中既有促进细胞增殖的基因,如c-myc、c-jun、Ras;也有促进细胞凋亡的基因,如Erb－2、p53、p27。本文就近年来中耳胆脂瘤与增殖凋亡相关基因调控研究进行综述。     

Cyclin D1在中耳胆脂瘤中的表达及意义

目的 检测细胞周期蛋白D1(Cyclin D1)在中耳胆脂瘤中的表达,探讨其在胆脂瘤发病机制中的作用.方法 采用免疫组织化学技术PV-6000二步法检测CyclinD1在30例中耳胆脂瘤组织及15例正常耳后皮肤中的表达.结果 CyclinD1在中耳胆脂瘤组织及正常耳后皮肤中的阳性率分别为70.0％、26.7％,两者比较差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.951,P＜0.05).结论 CyclinD1在中耳胆脂瘤上皮中存在高表达,这反映了胆脂瘤上皮的过度增殖性,说明CyclinD1可能在中耳胆脂瘤的发生、发展中起重要作用.     

The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF‐C in early laryngeal cancer: relationship with radioresistance

The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF‐C in early laryngeal cancer: relationship with radioresistance Angiogenesis is essential for tumour growth and invasion. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a prime mediator of tumour angiogenesis. VEGF‐C is a closely related protein that effects lymphatic endothelial cells and may be important in the process of lymphatic metastasis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of these cytokines in patients with T1 and T2a glottic, squamous cell carcinoma, in comparison with normal epithelial control tissue, to ascertain any association with radioresistance. Twenty‐two tumours treated by radiotherapy (13 radiosensitive, nine radioresistant) and seven normal control tissues were studied. The minimum follow‐up was 2 years after radiotherapy. Expression of VEGF and VEGF‐C was evaluated by immunohistochemistry of formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded biopsy specimens. Analysis was carried out using a quantitative computer image analyser. Both VEGF and VEGF‐C were detectable in tumour and normal control specimens. There was increased expression in tumour specimens of both VEGF (P = 0.03) and VEGF‐C (P < 0.001). In addition, the expression of VEGF‐C was associated with tumours of higher histological grade (P = 0.021). There was, however, no difference in VEGF and VEGF‐C expression between radioresistant and radiosensitive tumours. The expression of VEGF and VEGF‐C is increased in early laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). However, measuring the expression of these proteins cannot predict radioresistance in this tumour group.     

Treatment of Maxillary Sinus Carcinoma: Clinical Results Using the Kitasato Modality

The conventional therapeutic regimen for maxillary sinus carcinoma consists of dissection of the maxilla, full-dose irradiation and extensive chemotherapy. However, the results obtained with this treatment are often poor. Even when patients recover, their quality of life is significantly reduced as a result of deformity of facial structures and swallowing and articulation dysfunctions. A retrospective analysis of 68 patients with maxillary sinus carcinoma treated with the Kitasato modality between 1975 and 1999 was conducted. All patients underwent pergingival maxillary sinus surgery combined with pre- and postoperative irradiation therapy with standardized total doses of 16 Gy; the postoperative irradiation was given in combination with regional intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy administered via the superficial temporal artery. All visible tumor lesions were removed where possible in order to preserve or facilitate cellular immunity after surgery. The cumulative 5-year survival rates were 85.7% for Stage II patients, 88.1% for Stage III, 76.6% for Stage IVA and 75.0% for Stage IVB.     

Tongue Base Reduction with Temperature-controlled Radiofrequency Volumetric Tissue Reduction for Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

In recent years a considerable effort has been made to establish the use of different surgical techniques for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Nevertheless, treatment of hypopharyngeal obstruction due to tongue base hypertrophy remains in many ways an unsolved problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of tongue base reduction with temperature-controlled radiofrequency volumetric tissue reduction in the treatment of OSAS. Twenty patients with OSAS and tongue base hypertrophy were treated with radiofrequency tissue ablation. An intensified treatment protocol was used, delivering 2,800 J per treatment session under local anesthesia. Two nights of polysomnography testing were performed before and after treatment. Daytime sleepiness, snoring and postoperative morbidity were assessed using questionnaires. Mean respiratory disturbance index (RDI) was reduced from 32.1 to 24.9/h after a mean of 3.4 treatment sessions. Six patients (33%) were cured after the procedure (reduction in RDI of &#83 50% and a postoperative RDI of <15/h) and ten (55%) showed an improvement of >20% in their RDI. Daytime sleepiness and snoring improved significantly. Peri- and postoperative morbidity was low; one severe complication occurred (tongue base abscess). We were able to achieve similar cure and responder rates to those reported in a recently published pilot study but with a reduced number of treatment sessions. We believe that this technique may improve patient acceptance and have beneficial cost implications.     

Cervical Reflex Induced by Click Stimuli in Cats

We studied click-evoked potentials in the anterior horn of the spinal cord in 17 cats. A concentric needle electrode was inserted into the anterior horn of the spinal cord at levels C3-C6. Potentials evoked with 105 dB SPL clicks were recorded with a peak latency of 4.89-5.10 ms only at the C3 level. These responses were observed 45-60 dB SPL above the auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold, and no potentials were evoked by stimulation of the contralateral ear. Average was performed 100 times with changes in stimulation frequency of 1-20 Hz. The amplitude of the potentials decreased with increasing stimulus frequency, but there were no changes in ABRs. The responses disappeared after destruction of the medial vestibulospinal tract at the obex level, but ABRs were still recorded. The spinal nucleus of the accessory nerves was located in the anterior horn of the spinal cord at levels C1-C6, and the sternocleidomastoid muscle motoneurons were found at levels C1-C3. The click-evoked potentials recorded in this study reflect responses of the spinal nucleus of accessory nerves through the vestibulospinal tract to click stimulation. The responses have the same characteristics as vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials that can be recorded using surface electrodes over the sternocleidomastoid muscles of humans.     

Lack of significant estrogen and progesterone receptor expression in nasal telangiectasias in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: an immunohistochemical analysis

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by snoring and apnea during sleep leading to decreased oxygen saturation and disturbed sleep, excessive daytime sleepiness and neuropsychological disturbances. This study investigates cognitive neuropsychological abilities in a group of 53 OSAS patients before and after treatment with uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. General intellectual ability, verbal learning and memory as well as executive functioning were measured at baseline and 6 months postoperatively. After surgery there were significant improvements in verbal learning and memory (mean change - 39, SD 57.3, p <0.001), recall (mean change - 24.3, SD 39.3, p <0.001) and executive functioning (as assessed by percentage of errors on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; mean change-9.1, SD 15.7, p <0.001). These improvements were in accordance with improvements in the degree of sleep apnea, the oxygen desaturation index (mean change -9.7, SD 15.9, p <0.001) and arterial minimum oxygen saturation (mean change 4.5%, SD 10.2%, p <0.01). Surgical treatment seems to improve verbal learning, memory and recall and executive functions in parallel with better oxygenation in OSAS.     

Measurement of chemosensory function

Although hundreds of thousands of patients seek medical help annually for disorders of taste and smell, relatively few medical practitioners quantitatively test their patients' chemosensory function, taking their complaints at face value. This is clearly not the approach paid to patients complaining of visual, hearing, or balance problems. Accurate chemosensory testing is essential to establish the nature, degree, and veracity of a patient's complaint, as well as to aid in counseling and in monitoring the effectiveness of treatment strategies and decisions. In many cases, patients perseverate on chemosensory loss that objective assessment demonstrates has resolved. In other cases, patients are malingering. Olfactory testing is critical for not only establishing the validity and degree of the chemosensory dysfunction, but for helping patients place their dysfunction into perspective relative to the function of their peer group. It is well established, for example, that olfactory dysfunction is the rule, rather than the exception, in members of the older population. Moreover, it is now apparent that such dysfunction can be an early sign of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Importantly, older anosmics are three times more likely to die over the course of an ensuring five-year period than their normosmic peers, a situation that may be averted in some cases by appropriate nutritional and safety counseling. This review provides the clinician, as well as the academic and industrial researcher, with an overview of the available means for accurately assessing smell and taste function, including up-to-date information and normative data for advances in this field.