花生,大豆,刀豆凝集素受体与宫颈腺癌的关系

花生、大豆、刀豆凝集素受体与宫颈腺癌的关系马中民王美清王维屏采用花生（ＰＮＡ）、大豆（ＳＢＡ）和刀豆（ＣｏｎＡ）三种凝集素亲和组织化学染色，探讨宫颈腺癌与正常宫颈腺上皮和子宫内膜腺癌间此三种凝集素受体的差异以及它们对临床诊断工作的意义。并且对免疫组织...     

原发性肺癌的凝集素定位研究

用６种凝集素对１００例原发性肺癌进行了定位研究，结果发现：６种凝集在肺癌中表现出不同的阳性率，且分布与组织学类型有关。西蛎单叶豆（ＢＳＬ）、花生素（ＰＮＡ）、荆豆素（ＵＥＳ１）的质膜阳性率及ＰＮＡ的腔膜阳性率分别为鳞癌及腺癌的组织学分级的关系有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＢＳＬ质膜定位及阴性者有生存５年以上及半年内死亡的两组鳞癌之间有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示ＰＮＡ“ＢＳＬ、ＰＮＡ对肺癌有相     

胃印戒细胞癌癌旁粘膜球样异型增生的病理学观察

本文使用粘液组织化学和ＡｇＮＯＲ银染色方法，观察了胃印戒细胞癌癌旁粘膜的球样异型增生。从１１０例（３４例印戒细胞癌，７６例含印戒细胞的其他类型癌）中检出２８例存在球样异型增生（２５．５％），其中４例可见球样异型增生与癌移行。认为球样异型增生是胃印戒细胞癌发生的途径之一。     

维生素D对胃癌的作用及其机制研究

目的 通过检测胃癌患者血清中维生素D(VD)含量及癌组织中维生素D受体(VDR)的表达水平,探讨VD对胃癌的作用及其机制.方法 采用酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)测定胃癌患者及健康人群血清中的VD水平;采用免疫组化法检测胃癌组织及癌旁正常胃组织中的VDR表达水平,并分析其与预后的关系.结果 胃癌患者的血清VD水平较健康人群低(P＜0.05),且与胃癌细胞分化程度明显负相关(P＜0.001);胃癌组织中VDR表达显著低于正常胃黏膜(P＜0.05),且VDR的表达水平与癌组织分化程度之间有显著联系,高、中、低分化3组VDR的表达水平依次降低且差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);胃癌患者中,VDR表达阳性者的无疾病进展生存期和总生存期均较VDR阴性者明显延长,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 VD可能是胃癌发病中的一个保护性因素,其VDR的表达水平可作为判断胃癌分化程度的依据之一,VDR可作为胃癌术后的一个有效预后因子.     

雌雄激素受体与胃癌发生发展的相关性研究

本文应用葡聚糖包裹活性炭饱和分析法检测了４０例胃癌组织及其相应癌远隔胃粘膜组织中的雌激素受体（ＥＲ）和雄激素受体（ＡＲ）。结果显示：４０例胃癌组织中ＥＲ阳性率为１５％（６／４０），含量为１５３４＋１００．８ｆｍｏｌ／ｍｇ蛋白质，而在相应癌远隔组织中未检测到ＥＲ；胃癌组织中ＡＲ的阳性率为４５％（１８／４０），含量为１８８±１２．５ｆｍｏｌ／ｍｇ蛋白质，相应癌远隔组织中ＡＲ的阳性率为１５％（６／４０），含量为１９．１±９．４ｆｍｏｌ／ｍｇ蛋白质，而且癌组织中ＡＲ的含量高于相应癌远隔组织（Ｐ＜０．０５）；胃癌的ＡＲ、ＥＲ与患者的年龄、性别、肿瘤大小、肿瘤分型及细胞分化程度均无明显的相关性。     

Epstein-Barr virus in gastric carcinoma and adjacent normal gastric and duodenal mucosa.

AIM--To look for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in a series of gastric cancers of common and rare histological types. METHODS--Formalin sections from 19 cases of gastric carcinomas of different types were studied using in situ hybridisation with fluorescein conjugated EBER oligonucleotides and the avidin-biotin complex immunoperoxidase technique, using the monoclonal antibody Dako-EBV CS 1-4. RESULTS--The only positive tumour was a lymphoepithelioma-like gastric carcinoma. The remaining 18 cases, which included 11 consecutive cases of usual adenocarcinomas, three early gastric cancers, two adenosquamous carcinomas, and a case each of signet ring carcinoma and neuroepithelioma, were all negative. However, scattered EBV positive cells were seen in the normal gastric or duodenal mucosa bordering the tumours in seven out of 11 cases. CONCLUSIONS--Lymphoepithelioma-like gastric carcinoma seems to be the main, if not the only, EBV positive gastric cancer. The presence of EBV positive normal gastric and duodenal cells suggests that these cells may act as a reservoir for the virus in some people--a possibility that deserves wider investigation.     

Peanut lectin-binding sites in polyps of the colon and rectum. Adenomas, hyperplastic polyps, and adenomas with in situ carcinoma

Peanut lectin (PNA) has a specificity for the disaccharide beta-D-Gal-(1 leads to 3)-D-GalNac which is the purported antigenic determinant for the T blood group antigen (TAg). This TAg is considered the immediate precursor of the MN blood group substance. In normal colonic epithelium, PNA binds to the supranuclear (stalk) portion of epithelial cells. This corresponds to the detection of beta-DGal-(1 leads to 3)-D-GalNac in nascent oligosaccharide chains in the Golgi cisternae prior to addition of terminal sialic acid. Colonic carcinomas bind PNA in the "region" of the glycocalyx or in the apical portion of the cell, which represents incomplete glycoprotein synthesis. Eighty-two percent of tubular adenomas, 80% of villous adenomas, and 91% of adenomas with in situ cancer expressed PNA in a supranuclear distribution, reminiscent of normal colonic epithelium. This stalk distribution was seen in goblet cells. Twenty-five percent of tubular adenomas, 43% of villous adenomas and 60% of adenomas with in situ cancer (adenoma portion) expressed PNA in an apical cytoplasmic and/or glycocalyx pattern among nonmucinous columnar cells. In 80% of the cases, the in situ cancer itself expressed PNA in an apical cytoplasmic and/or glycocalyx pattern. Fetal and most colon cancer cells fail to produce mucin goblets and make incomplete glycoproteins. The cytologic localization of TAg by PNA corresponds to the cells' ability to produce mucin goblets. Most adenomas consist of goblet cells, localize TAg to the stalk, and probably make complete MN glycoprotein as does normal colonic epithelium. However, in adenomas, nonmucinous columnar cells localize TAg to the apical cytoplasm and/or glycocalyx region and represent incomplete blood group glycoprotein synthesis.     

Intramucosal cysts in gastric mucosa adjacent to carcinoma and peptic ulcer: a histochemical study

Histochemical characteristics and the distribution of gastric intramucosal cysts were studied in 50 cancerous and 51 benign gastrectomy specimens. The frequency of such cysts was significantly higher in stomachs with carcinoma (70%) than in stomachs with peptic ulcer (43%) (P less than 0.01). Intramucosal cysts were classified into gastric type, small intestinal type, colonic type and non-mucous type. There were significant differences in the constituent ratios of the four types of cyst between gastric carcinoma and gastric ulcer (P less than 0.01), as well as between intestinal type and diffuse type cancer (P less than 0.001). The present results reveal a close relationship between intramucosal cysts and gastric carcinoma. Cysts of small intestinal, colonic and non-mucous types were associated with intestinal type cancer while cysts of gastric type were related to diffuse type cancer of the stomach.     

Increased apoptosis in gastric mucosa adjacent to intestinal metaplasia

BACKGROUND: The biological processes involved in the development of gastric mucosal atrophy and intestinal metaplasia are still incompletely understood. Reports testing the hypothesis that apoptosis leads to atrophy have yielded conflicting results. The availability of new antibodies for the detection of apoptotic cells in tissue sections has facilitated the analysis of the role of apoptosis in the gastritis-atrophy-intestinal metaplasia sequence. METHODS: Archival material from 40 gastric resection specimens with normal mucosa (n = 5), chronic active gastritis (n = 17), or intestinal metaplasia (n = 18) was studied. Immunohistochemistry was performed using antibodies directed against cleaved cytokeratin 18 and active caspase 3. Slides were scored on a 0-3 scale for the presence of apoptotic cells. RESULTS: Normal gastric mucosa contained low numbers of apoptotic cells at the surface epithelium (mean score, 0.20). This number was significantly increased in cases with chronic gastritis (mean score, 1.06) and in those with intestinal metaplasia (mean score, 2.56). Within the intestinal metaplasia cases, 44 different foci of intestinal metaplasia were identified. In 39 of these 44 areas, concentrations of apoptotic cells were seen immediately adjacent to the foci of intestinal metaplasia, but not in the metaplastic epithelium itself. CONCLUSIONS: Apoptosis is uncommon in normal gastric mucosa. Chronic inflammation and intestinal metaplasia are associated with increased apoptosis, but occur mainly at the mucosal surface and not in the deeper layers. These findings do not support the concept that apoptosis underlies the loss of gastric glands and leads to atrophy, but the observed concentration of apoptotic epithelial cells adjacent to foci of intestinal metaplasia could be related to heterogeneity of epithelial damage, causing apoptosis, to which intestinal metaplasia is a response.     

Intracellular lectin-binding sites in symbiont-bearingCrithidia species

Crithidia oncopelti, C. deanei, andC. desouzai are flagellates of the Trypanosomatidae family that present bacterium-like endosymbionts in their cytoplasm. Direct and indirect lectin-gold labeling techniques were used at the electron microscopic level in Lowicryl K4M-embedded cells to demonstrate the presence of intracellular lectin-binding sites. We used the lectinsUlex europaeus I, Griffonia simplicifolia II, Ricinus communis I, Arachis hypogaea, G. simplicifolia I, Wistaria floribunda, Limulus polyphemus, andCanavalia ensiformis, which recognize -l-fucose, - and -N-acetylglucosamine, -galactose and -N-acetylgalactosamine, -galactose, -galactose, -N-acetylgalactosamine, sialic acid and -d-mannose, and -d-glucose residues, respectively. The nucleus was the cellular structure most frequently labeled by the lectins. The Golgi complex was seldom labeled, whereas the endoplasmic reticulum and the flagellar pocket presented a large number of binding sites. Symbionts had their two unit membranes weakly labeled by the different lectins but displayed no labeling of the space between the membranes.     

Hyperplastic polyps of the gastric mucosa adjacent to gastroenterostomy stomas.

In two patients with functionally active, nonatrophic oxyntic gastric mucosa, hyperplastic polyps developed on the gastric side of Billroth II and Billroth I anastomoses. The polyp associated with the Billroth II procedure was almost circumferential, sparing only the lesser curvature. That associated with the Billroth I operation was on the anterior wall from lesser to greater curvature. The operations had been performed 11 years and ten years earlier for peptic ulcers of the gastroduodenal junction. The sites of polyp formation resembled those of experimental cancers in rats with Billroth I and Billroth II anastomoses, and of human cancer occurring 20 or more years after gastrojejunostomy for benign disease. This suggests that stomal carcinomas and hyperplastic polyps each result from the reflux of enteric contents into the stomach remnant.     

胃癌及其胃粘膜病变的粘液组织化学和免疫组织化学的研究

对114例不同组织类型的胃癌及其胃粘膜组织，进行了粘液组织化学和癌胚抗原免疫组织化学研究。结果表明：肠上皮化生（肠化）检出率在萎缩性胃炎对照组高于癌组，癌组的肠化检了率非癌组织高于癌旁组织。肠化细胞是成熟性增生，它和不典型增生及癌均未发现有过渡形式。不典型增生偶见细胞癌变，有时也不易和高分化腺癌鉴别。认为肠化是对有害因子刺激的适应性变化，而不典型增生多系癌前病变。癌胚抗原在不同类型的胃癌组织中分布和量的不同除标志着分泌和释放不同外，可能也有助于判断癌的预后。     

HCCR-1 mRNA and protein expression in human colorectal carcinoma and adjacent mucosa

目的 探讨HCCR-1 mRNA及HCCR-1蛋白在人大肠癌、癌旁组织及远端正常肠黏膜组织中的表达,及其临床病理学意义.方法 应用RT-PCR方法检测84例大肠癌、癌旁组织及15例远端正常肠黏膜组织中HCCR-1 mRNA水平,应用Western blot技术检测84例大肠癌、癌旁组织及15例远端正常肠黏膜组织中HCCR-1蛋白的表达水平,应用免疫组化SP法检测84例大肠癌、癌旁组织及15例远端正常肠黏膜组织、30例管状及绒毛管状腺瘤组织中HCCR-1蛋白的表达,分析HCCR-1表达水平与大肠癌临床病理特征的相关性.结果 HCCR-1 mRNA在人大肠癌及癌旁肠黏膜组织中均有表达.HCCR-1蛋白在癌旁肠黏膜组织和管状及绒毛管状腺瘤组织的阳性率分别为38%(32/84)、30%(9/30),两者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),在大肠癌中的阳性率为81%(68/84),明显高于癌旁肠黏膜组织和管状及绒毛管状腺瘤的阳性率(P<0.05).大肠癌HCCR-1蛋白的高表达与肿瘤浸润深度呈明显正相关(P=0.007),与肿瘤是否转移无关(P>0.05).结论 人大肠癌存在HCCR-1蛋白的高表达,其与大肠癌的恶变演进有关.HCCR-1 mRNA的表达可能影响大肠癌的发生、发展.     

大肠癌及癌旁肠黏膜组织中人子宫颈癌癌基因mRNA及蛋白的表达

目的探讨HCCR-1 mRNA及HCCR-1蛋白在人大肠癌、癌旁组织及远端正常肠黏膜组织中的表达,及其临床病理学意义。方法应用RT-PCR方法检测84例大肠癌、癌旁组织及15例远端正常肠黏膜组织中HCCR-1 mRNA水平,应用Westernblot技术检测84例大肠癌、癌旁组织及15例远端正常肠黏膜组织中HCCR-1蛋白的表达水平,应用免疫组化SP法检测84例大肠癌、癌旁组织及15例远端正常肠黏膜组织、30例管状及绒毛管状腺瘤组织中HCCR-1蛋白的表达,分析HCCR-1表达水平与大肠癌临床病理特征的相关性。结果 HCCR-1 mRNA在人大肠癌及癌旁肠黏膜组织中均有表达。HCCR-1蛋白在癌旁肠黏膜组织和管状及绒毛管状腺瘤组织的阳性率分别为38%(32/84)、30%(9/30),两者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),在大肠癌中的阳性率为81%(68/84),明显高于癌旁肠黏膜组织和管状及绒毛管状腺瘤的阳性率(P<0.05)。大肠癌HCCR-1蛋白的高表达与肿瘤浸润深度呈明显正相关(P=0.007),与肿瘤是否转移无关(P>0.05)。结论人大肠癌存在HCCR-1蛋白的高表达,其与大肠癌的恶变演进有关。HCCR-1 mRNA的表达可能影响大肠癌的发生、发展。