应用术中FPP监测选择肝硬化门静脉高压症断分流术式的研究

目的 探讨肝硬化门静脉高压症(PHT)最佳的手术方式.方法 对36例PHT患者依据断流术后门静脉压力(FPP)的变化,选择FPP＜32cm H2O的患者22例只施行断流术(断流组),FPP≥32cm H2O的患者14例加行近端脾肾分流联合术(断分流组),并结合术前、术后门静脉血流动力学、断流及断分流后FPP变化及术后随访等,评价两组不同手术对门静脉血流动力学的影响及近、远期效果.结果 断流组断流前后FPP分别为(38.01±1.57)cm H2O和(27.41±1.90)cm H2O,手术前后差异有统计学意义;断分流组断流前后FPP分别为(37.68±1.98)cm H2O和(35.11±2.67)cm H2O,差异无统计学意义,联合分流后FPP降低为(22.86±3.74)cm H2O,差异有统计学意义.随访再出血率:断流组10.53%,断分流组8.33%.结论 根据手术前、后门静脉血流动力学状况和断流术前后的FPP的变化,可以选择最佳的手术方式;如果断流术后FPP下降不明显,或FPP仍≥32cm H2O,则加做分流手术,通过术中FPP监测选择正确的术式可以达到最佳的临床效果.     

改良式断流术加脾肾分流治疗门静脉高压症上消化道出血22例分析

目的探讨改良式断流术加脾肾分流术联合治疗门静脉高压症上消化道出血的临床效果。方法对22例采用改良式断流术加脾肾分流术(联合组),并与20例改良式断流术(断流组)比较术前肝功能、术中测定自由门静脉压、术后14~21 d色多普勒超声检测门静脉血流速度、吻合口情况的回顾性分析。结果联合组无手术死亡、再出血及肝性脑病发生,联合组术后18个月因肺炎死亡1例,断流组术后35个月出血3例,术后1,3年生存率100%及95.5%。结论改良式断流术加脾肾分流术,既保留了幽门收缩功能及断流术的优点,又降低了门静脉压力,并能保持一定量的向肝血流量,有利于肝功能的恢复及腹水的消失。     

分流加断流联合术治疗门静脉高压症的疗效评价

目的评价分流和断流联合术（脾肾分流加贲门周围血管离断联合术）治疗门静脉高压症的临床疗效及门静脉系血流动力学的变化。方法回顾分析1980—2005年入院的400例门静脉高压症患者分别施行分断流联合术（300例）和断流术（100例）的临床资料,并对部分患者手术前后行彩色多普勒显像、数字减影血管造影检查和术中自由门静脉压力测量。结果本组分断流联合术再出血率为5.9%,术后肝性脑病发生率为5.1%,术后1、3、5、10和15年生存率分别为94.9％、91.9%、84.9%、69.2%和45.1%。断流术后近期出血率为5.5%,远期再出血率为21.6%,肝性脑病发生率为4.5%。分断流联合术组术后自由门静脉压为（30.5±2.6）cm H2O,门静脉血流量为908 ml/min,均较术前降低,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）,并较断流术组显著降低和减少（P＜0.05）,但联合术与断流术后的门静脉血流量减少相比差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,联合术后门静脉头向侧支消失。结论从临床效果和血流动力学证实分断流联合术是一种治疗门静脉高压症合理而实用的术式。     

改良脾腔静脉分流联合断流术治疗食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血

目的 探讨改良脾腔静脉分流联合贲门周围断流术治疗门静脉高压症食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析1997年至2007年陕西省人民医院采用改良脾腔静脉分流联合贲门周围血管断流术(90例,联合组)及贲门周围血管断流术(78例,断流组)治疗门静脉高压症食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血患者的临床资料,应用彩色多普勒超声、术中门静脉压力监测等观察开腹后和术后门静脉系统血流动力学变化.采用方差分析及配对t检验和x2检验分析相关数据.结果 联合组和断流组患者手术死亡率分别为3%(3/90)和5%(4/78),其差异无统计学意义(x2=0.038,P＞0.05);术后远期出血率分别为6%(5/79)和13%(8/60),其差异有统计学意义(x2=4.824,P<0.05);肝性脑病发生率分别为6%(5/79)和7%(4/60),其差异无统计学意义(x2=0.072,P＞0.05);术后1、3、5、10年生存率分别为97%(77/79)、92%(55/60)、80%(16/20)、60%(3/5)和97%(58/60)、83%(40/48)、73%(22/30)、53%(8/15),其差异无统计学意义(x2=0.731,P＞0.05).联合组开腹后和术后门静脉压力分别为(38.8±4.2)、(33.1±1.5)cm H2O(1 cm H2O=0.098 kPa),其差异有统计学意义(t=8.574,P<0.05);断流组开腹后和术后门静脉压力分别为(38.9±2.5)、(34.6±2.6)cm H2O,其差异有统计学意义(t=6.530,P<0.05);两组患者术后门静脉压力比较差异有统计学意义(t=2.859,P<0.05).联合组开腹后和术后门静脉直径分别为(1.40±0.41)、(1.22±0.15)cm,其差异有统计学意义(t=2.608,P<0.05);血流量分别为(1280±350)、(830±360)ml/min,其差异有统计学意义(t=5.668,P<0.05).断流组开腹后和术后门静脉直径分别为(1.41±0.32)、(1.27±0.32)cm,其差异无统计学意义(t=1.637,P＞0.05);血流量分别为(1350±380)、(980±290)ml/min,其差异有统计学意义(t=4.096,P<0.05).两组患者术后门静脉血流量比较差异无统计学意义(t=1.871,P＞0.05).结论 改良脾腔静脉分流联合断流术止血效果确切、再出血率低,血流动力学变化合理,临床疗效满意,是治疗门静脉高压症食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血的较佳术式.     

分流加断流术治疗门静脉高压症的疗效分析

目的探讨近端脾肾静脉分流加贲门周围血管离断术治疗门静脉高压症的临床疗效及其对门静脉血流动力学的影响。方法回顾性分析我科1990年1月-2003年7月期间采用近端脾肾静脉分流加贲门周围血管离断术治疗门静脉高压症患者44例及单纯贲门周围血管离断术114例的临床资料,对其中部分患者采用彩色多普勒超声和术中自由门静脉压测量,观察手术前后门静脉系统血流动力学的变化。结果联合手术组无近期再出血,手术死亡率4．5％,远期再出血率8．3％,肝性脑病发生率5．5％,术后1、3、5、10年生存率分别为97．2％、91．2％、76．0％、64．3％;断流术组无近期再出血,手术死亡率4．3％,远期再出血率13．0％,肝性脑病发生率4．4％,术后1、3、5、10年生存率分别为96．7%、86．7％、71．8％、56．3％。联合手术组术后自由门静脉压和门静脉血流量分别下降(8±4)cmH2O和(511±152)ml／min,较术前相比差异有统计学意义(P<0．01),但仍接近和保持正常高限及一定向肝血流;断流术组自由门静脉压及门静血流量虽有一定降低与减少,但与手术前相比差异无统计学意义(P>0．05)。结论分流加断流术治疗门静脉高压症的临床疗效比较满意,具有血流动力学的合理性。     

脾肾分流术与断流术治疗门静脉高压症疗效的对比研究

目的比较脾肾分流术和传统断流术治疗门静脉高压症的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2012年1月至2021年11月于南通大学附属医院行脾肾分流术和传统断流术109例乙肝肝硬化门静脉高压症患者的临床资料。结果分流组手术时间长于断流组, 差异有统计学意义[(208±43)min比(172±53)min, t=-3.677, P<0.05];分流组与断流组术中出血量和术后住院时间相比差异均无统计学意义[(131±89)ml比(164±109)ml, t=1.621, P>0.05;(21±6)d比(21±8)d, t=-0.403, P>0.05]。术后两组中重度腹水、腹腔出血和肝性脑病发生率差异均无统计学意义(χ2=0.973、0.830、0.095, 均P>0.05)。分流组术后再出血率低于断流组, 差异有统计学意义(5%比28%, χ2=5.280, P<0.05)。手术方式是再出血的独立预测因素。分流组1、2、3、5年的累积生存率分别为95%、94%、91%、88%, 断流组分别为95%、88%、85%、73%。再出血是影响生存率的独立危险因素。结论脾肾分流术比传...     

断流术中门静脉压力变化及术后再出血的临床研究

目的分析断流术中自由门静脉压(FPP)的变化与术后再出血的关系,探讨在断流术中是否可以FPP作为加做分流手术的血流动力学指标。方法回顾性分析2001年1月至2005年12月行脾切除、贲门周围血管离断术的90例门静脉高压症患者,断流术后FPP低于或等于30 cm H_2O者为低压组(34例),高于30 cm H_2O者为高压组(56例),比较两组术前肝功能情况,断流术前后不同时点的FPP变化和术后再出血发生率。结果两组术前肝功能Child-Pugh计分(低压组6.6±1.1,高压组6.9±1.3,P=0.26)和FPP[低压组(37.9±2.5)cm H_2O,高压组(38.9±2.9) cm H_2O,P=0.09]之间的差异均无统计学意义,术后FPP[低压组(28.3±2.4)cm H_2O,高压组(34.0±3.3)cm H_2O,P<0.01]和再出血率(低压组3%,高压组20%,P=0.02)之间的差异均有统计学意义。断流术中脾动脉结扎的降压效果最明显,断流术完成后较脾脏切除后FPP有所上升。结论FPP是能够反映断流术减压效果和术后再出血风险的血流动力学指标,脾切除后FPP高于30 cm H_2O是断流术加行分流手术的依据之一。     

脾肾静脉分流联合断流术与单纯断流术远期疗效比较

目的评价近端脾肾静脉分流加门奇断流联合手术和单纯门奇断流术的远期临床疗效。方法回顾性总结近10年采用脾肾静脉分流加门奇断流联合手术和单纯门奇断流术治疗门静脉高压症384例,从术后再出血、脑病、肝功能衰竭发生率三方面总结临床疗效;于术前1周和术后2周应用核磁共振血管造影测量门静脉、脾静脉和肠系膜上静脉的直径、流速和流量,并于术中动态测量门静脉压力。结果联合手术组术后再出血率明显低于断流组,而肝功能和脑病发生率两组差异无统计学意义。联合手术组手术前后门静脉血流量下降差异有统计学意义。联合手术组和断流组门静脉血流量减少差异无统计学意义,但是自由门静脉压的下降差异有统计学意义。结论联合手术可结合断流和分流手术的优点,明显降低出血率,而且不增加脑病和肝衰竭发生率,应成为治疗门静脉高压症合并出血的首选术式。     

分流加断流联合手术和断流术对门静脉血流动力学的影响

目的评价近端脾肾分流加门奇断流联合手术和门奇断流术的临床疗效及其对门静脉系统血液动力学的影响。方法联合手术组20例,断流组18例,于术前一周和术后2周应用核磁共振血管造影测量门静脉、脾静脉和肠系膜上静脉的直径、流速及流量,并于术中动态测量门静脉压力。结果于联合手术组,术后较术前的门静脉血流量下降,肠系膜上静脉流量增加,差异显著(P<0.05),门静脉直径和自由门静脉压下降非常显著(P<0.01)。于断流组,术后较术前的门静脉直径、流量及自由门静脉压下降,肠系膜上静脉流量增加,均有显著差异(P<0.05),肠系膜上静脉直径增加非常显著(P<0.01)。联合手术组与断流组相比,门静脉血流量的减少无显著性差异,而自由门静脉压的下降差异非常显著(P<0.01)。结论两种手术皆可减少门静脉血流量,降低门静脉压力,而联合手术降低门静脉压力的效果明显优于断流手术,两组间的门静脉向肝血流的减少无显著性差异。联合手术可结合断流和分流手术的优点,不破坏肝门部解剖,理应成为治疗门静脉高压症合并出血的首选术式。     

脾肾静脉分流联合断流术的临床疗效及对门静脉系统血流动力学的影响

目的评价近端脾肾静脉分流加门奇断流联合手术和门奇断流术的临床疗效及对门静脉系统血流动力学的影响。方法回顾性总结近8年采用脾肾分流加门奇断流联合手术和门奇断流术治疗门静脉高压症245例,于术前一周和术后2周应用核磁共振血管造影测量门静脉、脾静脉和肠系膜上静脉的直径,流速和流量,并于术中动态测量门静脉压力。结果联合手术组术后较术前门静脉血流量下降,肠系膜上静脉流量增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),门静脉直径和自由门静脉压下降差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。联合手术组与断流组相比,门静脉血流量的减少差异没有统计学意义,而自由门静脉压的下降差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。联合手术组术后再出血率明显低于断流组,而肝功能和脑病发生率两组间差异无统计学意义。结论联合手术可结合断流和分流手术的优点,既明显降低出血率又不增加脑病发生,应成为治疗门静脉高压症合并出血的首选术式。     

腹腔镜门静脉高压症外科治疗发展与新断流术

在当前微创外科时代,门奇静脉断流术取得一系列大的进展,例如,选择性贲门周围血管离断术的提出和应用、断流术时行脾切除术的适应证与禁忌证,以及新一代外科手术器械和腹腔镜技术在断流术和脾切除术中的应用等。实践表明,腹腔镜脾切除术贲门周围血管离断术是安全、简单和有效的手术术式,肝硬化门静脉高压症患者也适用。为了进一步证实这种新门奇静脉断流术的疗效,今后有待开展前瞻性、随机性、大样本的研究。     

A randomized controlled trial comparing acetaminophen plus ibuprofen versus acetaminophen plus codeine plus caffeine after outpatient general surgery

BACKGROUND: Narcotics are used extensively in outpatient general surgery but are often poorly tolerated with variable efficacy. Acetaminophen combined with NSAIDs is a possible alternative. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of acetaminophen, codeine, and caffeine (Tylenol No. 3) with acetaminophen and ibuprofen for management of pain after outpatient general surgery procedures. STUDY DESIGN: A double-blind randomized controlled trial was performed in patients undergoing outpatient inguinal/umbilical/ventral hernia repair or laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Patients were randomized to receive acetaminophen plus codeine plus caffeine (Tylenol No. 3) or acetaminophen plus ibuprofen (AcIBU) 4 times daily for 7 days or until pain-free. Pain intensity, measured four times daily by visual analogue scale, was the primary outcome. Secondary end points included incidence of side effects, patient satisfaction, number of days until patient was pain-free, and use of alternative analgesia. RESULTS: One hundred forty-six patients were randomized (74 Tylenol No. 3 and 72 AcIBU), and 139 (95%) patients completed the study. No significant differences in mean or maximum daily visual analogue scale scores were identified between the 2 groups, except on postoperative day 2, when pain was improved in AcIBU patients (p = 0.025). During the entire week, mean visual analogue scale score was modestly lower in AcIBU patients (p = 0.018). More patients in the AcIBU group, compared with Tylenol No. 3, were satisfied with their analgesia (83% versus 64%, respectively; p = 0.02). There were more side effects with Tylenol No. 3 (57% versus 41%, p = 0.045), and the discontinuation rate was also higher in Tylenol No. 3-treated patients (11% versus 3%, p = 0.044). CONCLUSIONS: When compared with Tylenol No. 3, AcIBU was not an inferior analgesic and was associated with fewer side effects and higher patient satisfaction. AcIBU is an effective, low-cost, and safe alternative to codeine-based narcotic analgesia for outpatient general surgery procedures.     

Full Scale Simulation plus

Background

Human patient simulation is frequently called full scale simulation by the manufacturers analogous to flight simulation, even though the degree of realism of medical simulators cannot really be compared to that in aviation.

Objective

We have developed several software and hardware components which increase the functionality of commercial patient simulators.

Results

These are various physiological models, interfaces to different medical equipment, such as iv-pumps, anesthesia equipment or other extensions of common simulation settings. A full physiologically working lung simulator enriches scenarios, where the quality of ventilation counts. Special anesthesia techniques, such as total intravenous anesthesia target-controlled infusion (TIVA-TCI), bispectral index (BIS) monitoring or hemodynamic monitoring including transpulmonary thermodilution measurements are further examples.     

Reserpine plus hydrochlorothiazide and sotalol plus hydrochlorothiazide in Black and Indian hypertensive patients

Fifty patients (25 Blacks and 25 Indians) suffering from mild-to-moderate hypertension (supine diastolic blood pressure 100 - 105 mmHg) were studied in order to compare the antihypertensive effect of a combination of a beta-blocker (sotalol hydrochloride 160 mg/d) plus a thiazide derivative (hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg/d) ( Sotazide ; B-M) with that of a combination of reserpine 0,1 mg/d ( Serpasil ; Ciba) plus hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg/d ( Dichlotride ; Frosst MSD). The combination of reserpine plus hydrochlorothiazide was found to be as effective as that of sotalol plus hydrochlorothiazide in lowering the blood pressure in both the Black and the Indian patients. Two patients taking the combination containing reserpine developed side-effects, but this did not occur in any of those taking the combination containing sotalol. We feel that in developing countries, where the cost of therapy is important, reserpine in a dosage of less than 0,1 mg/d plus a thiazide derivative in low dosage is preferable to a beta-blocker plus a thiazide derivative in the treatment of hypertension.     

Treatment of stage D2 prostatic cancer refractory to or relapsed following castration plus oestrogens. Comparison of aminoglutethimide plus hydrocortisone with medroxyprogesterone acetate plus hydrocortisone

A total of 59 patients with advanced prostate cancer relapsed from or refractory to castration plus oestrogen were treated in a randomised trial comparing 1000 to 1250 mg aminoglutethimide + 40 mg hydrocortisone (AG + HC) with 500 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate + 40 mg hydrocortisone (MPA + HC). A significantly higher objective response rate and better symptomatic control was noted in patients treated with AG + HC (31%) compared with those treated with MPA + HC (3%). The median time to treatment failure was also significantly longer for patients treated with AG + HC. These findings suggest a role for AG in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. While both second-line hormone treatment regimens resulted in significant suppression of adrenal androgen secretion, the differences in response rate could not be explained by alterations in peripheral blood hormone levels. AG in high doses may have cellular effects which require further study.