腹壁肿瘤切除术后巨大/超大腹壁缺损的外科修复重建策略

腹壁肿瘤、尤其是恶性肿瘤R0切除术后会导致巨大、甚至超大腹壁缺损,选择合理的腹壁修复重建技术是治疗关键。本文总结了腹壁恶性肿瘤的临床特点、治疗现状、肿瘤扩大切除后腹壁缺损的术前评估和腹壁缺损修复重建的术式选择;重点阐释了腹壁缺损类型、缺损大小、缺损周围组织情况和患者全身情况对术式选择的重要性。     

The use of biological mesh to repair one large, contaminated abdominal wall defect due to neoplastic invasion. Report of a case

We hereby report a case of use of biological mesh to repair one large, contaminated abdominal wall defect due to a sigmoid tumour presented as an abscess infiltrating the abdominal wall. Our patient was a 48-year-old woman. Her medical history was negative for any previous disease or surgical procedure. Because of the abscence of neoplastic secondarism an en-bloc resection of the interested sigmoid colon and of the infiltrated abdominal wall was performed, thus resulting a large wall defect in the left inguinal region. In order to close the wall defect a biological porcine collagen mesh was used. In our case we used a Permacol mesh made of porcine acellular dermal collagen. Reconstruction of complicated abdominal wall defects is a challenging surgical problem and primary repair is often difficult to achieve without excessive tension in the abdominal wall. The use of a syntethic mesh in this patient could have been inappropriate due to the possibility of creating adhesions with intra-abdominal viscera and fistula formation. We chose to use a biological mesh because of its safer properties in case of infected, inflamed or infiltrated surgical fields, as demonstrated in the literature.     

腹腔开放所致复杂腹壁缺损的确定性修复

目的探讨联合应用多种腹壁缺损修复技术治疗腹腔开放所致复杂腹壁缺损的效果。 方法收集2013年1月至2018年1月,东南大学医学院附属江阴医院9例因腹腔间室综合征或严重腹腔感染导致腹腔开放进而引起的复杂腹壁缺损行腹壁缺损修复患者的临床资料,分析其治疗方法和临床效果。 结果本组9例患者中,手术时间（4.5±3.2）h,术后住院时间（9.0±4.2）d。术后腹壁缺损完全修复,且腹壁功能恢复良好患者7例;再发腹壁缺损患者2例。 结论联合应用多种腹壁缺损修复技术可以有效修复腹腔开放导致的复杂腹壁缺损,为这一困难临床结局提供了可行的解决途径。     

腹壁巨大缺损的修复重建

目的探讨带蒂大网膜加聚丙烯网片修复手术切除致腹壁巨大缺损的临床效果。方法1994年～2004年,采用带蒂大网膜加聚丙烯网片修复12例因腹壁肿瘤切除致腹壁巨大缺损的患者,缺损范围10cm×7cm～25cm×17cm。结果12例患者术后伤口均I期愈合。获随访1～5年,无肿瘤复发,无腹壁切口疝、肠粘连、肠梗阻和肠瘘等并发症发生。结论带蒂大网膜代替腹膜加聚丙烯网片修复腹壁缺损的方法疗效可靠,副作用少。     

乳腺癌术后乳房重建的腹壁缺损修复基本原则及材料选择

乳腺癌根治性切除术后的自体乳房重建目前已被广泛应用于临床,但某些术式的自体乳房重建手术会造成一定程度的腹壁缺损。腹壁缺损导致腹壁正常功能的缺失,进而引起一系列严重的病理生理学改变。目前常用的手术方式有带蒂腹直肌皮瓣和腹壁下深动脉穿支皮瓣的乳房重建。根据乳腺癌术后乳房自体重建术后不同的腹壁缺损的类型,应该在严格遵循腹壁修复的基本原则的基础上,制定相应的手术修补方案。同时根据不同的腹壁缺损范围选择适当的腹壁修复材料。乳房重建术后形成的腹壁缺损通常其腹直肌后鞘和腹膜是完整的,腹直肌前鞘也可能保留,手术方式可选择腹壁不同层次的修复,同时强调应用修补材料进行修复。     

带蒂肠浆肌层片加植皮修复腹壁缺损

目的 研究一种对腹壁缺损行之有效的修复方法。方法 1996年7月-2000年12月,应用带蒂肠浆肌层片加植皮修复腹壁缺损7例,其中前期手术副损伤口致肠瘘4例,肠肿瘤一期手术造瘘局部感染形成缺损2例,肠肿瘤侵犯腹壁1例,全麻下行剖腹探查手术,切除腹壁缺损周围水肿感染组织。切除病变肠管,截取带肠系膜的肠段,沿肠系膜缘对侧剖开肠管,刮除肠粘膜层,将带蒂肠浆肌层片与腹壁缺损边缘缝合,中厚皮片植皮。结果 术后6例腹壁创面Ⅰ期愈合,1例局部感染,植皮部分坏死,经二次植皮愈合;均无肠管吻合口漏发生,经1-2年随访,无腹壁疝或腹内疝发生;正常排便,营养状况明显改善。结论 以带蒂肠浆肌层片修补腹壁,术后局部张力小,血供丰富,成功率高。     

正确认识桥接修复术在腹壁缺损修复与重建中应用价值

复杂腹壁缺损,特别是巨大腹壁缺损的治疗仍然是腹壁外科医师必须面对的挑战.补片桥接修复术是用于复杂腹壁缺损外科治疗的一项重要技术,但其疗效远未达到理想的要求.在目前情况下,选择合适的腹壁缺损病人实施桥接修复术并注意手术操作的规范,对于提高腹壁缺损修复重建的效果具有重要意义,新材料与新技术的进一步发展与应用将会为未来桥接修...     

Surgical management of large desmoid tumour of the anterior abdominal wall

Desmoid tumours are uncommon. They are locally invasive and incomplete excision leads to recurrence, which can pose a significant management challenge. Patients therefore require effective treatment, which essentially entails tumour excision with a clear surgical margin. The resulting wide defect may lead to difficulty in closure of the anterior abdominal wall. We report our experience in treating large desmoid tumours of the anterior abdominal wall. Between January 2000 and December 2001, three patients with large desmoid tumour of the anterior abdominal wall were treated with wide excision, which included a 3-cm margin of uninvolved tissues. This led to a considerable abdominal wall defect. The peritoneal defect was closed as a separate layer, though under considerable tension, while the abdominal wall musculature defect was closed with a polypropylene mesh. All three patients recovered well with no immediate or late postoperative morbidity. Follow-up until December 2006 has not revealed any tumour recurrence or hernia development. Wide excision of an anterior abdominal wall desmoid tumour with a clear margin of 3 cm including the peritoneum should be considered when managing such tumours. Closure under tension of the peritoneum did not seem to produce any morbidity.     

Reconstruction of extensive abdominal wall defect using an eccentric perforator‐based pedicled anterolateral thigh flap: A case report

Reconstruction of extensive abdominal wall defects is a challenge for reconstructive surgeons. In this report, a case of reconstruction of a large abdominal wall defect using an eccentric perforator‐based pedicled anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap is presented. A 30‐year‐old man presented with recurrent desmoid‐type fibromatosis in the abdominal wall. The recurrent tumor was radically excised, and the en bloc excision resulted in a full‐thickness, large abdominal wall defect (25 cm × 20 cm). An eccentric perforator‐based pedicled ALT flap, including wide fascial extension, was transferred to the abdominal defect; fascial portions were sutured to the remnant abdominal fascia. Plication of the fascia along the sutured portion was performed to relieve the skin tension between the flap and the marginal skin of the abdominal defect. Eight months after surgery, the reconstructed abdomen had an acceptable esthetic appearance without tumor recurrence or hernia. The use of an eccentric perforator‐based pedicled ALT flap may be an alternative method for the reconstruction of extensive abdominal wall defects. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 33:482–486, 2013.     

应用聚四氟乙烯修复腹壁缺损

目的　探讨应用聚四氟乙烯 (PTFE)生物材料修复腹壁大面积缺损 ,预防腹壁疝的临床效果。　方法　自 1999年 3月以来 ,应用片状 PTFE修复腹壁肿瘤切除术后腹壁缺损 6例。腹壁缺损范围最大为 2 5 cm× 15 cm,最小为 9cm× 6 cm,其中 2例伴有皮肤缺损 ,使用带蒂皮瓣或肌皮瓣移位进行修复。　结果　术后腹部伤口 期愈合 ,移位皮瓣全部成活 ,修复材料无暴露。随访 6个月～ 3年 ,无排异反应及腹壁疝等并发症。　结论　临床应用片状 PTFE修复腹壁缺损具有良好的效果。     

The use of a human dura mater allograft for the repair of a contaminated abdominal wall defect: Report of a case

A case report of an infected full-thickness abdominal wall defect treated successfully with a human dura mater allograft is presented. A review of the literature and a discussion of prosthetic abdominal wall repair is also included. A 46-year-old woman presented with multiple small bowel perforations and a large abdominal wall defect due to a motor vehicle collision. A gamma-irradiated human dura mater prosthesis was used to repair the large abdominal wall defect which had been infected by a jejunal fistula. After more than 4 years of follow-up, the patient is free of complications, including wound infection, herniation, and ileus. The human dura mater allograft is thus considered to be a useful prosthesis for repairing potentially infected wounds.     

腹壁肿瘤切除术后遗留腹壁巨大缺损39例修复与重建

目的探讨采用聚丙烯（Polypropylene,PP）补片或复合补片修复腹壁肿瘤切除术后遗留腹壁巨大缺损的方法和效果。方法收治的39例腹壁巨大肿瘤患者均采取了手术切除治疗。采用直接缝合腹膜关闭腹腔,并在腹膜外用PP补片修复缺损6例,采用带蒂大网膜加PP补片修复缺损19例,采用复合补片修补腹壁缺损14例。结果 39例中因术后发生急性心肌梗塞死亡1例。术后肺部感染1例,经抗感染治疗治愈。术后出现皮下积液5例,经穿刺抽吸,理疗和引流等措施治愈。随访34例,随访时间1～5年。在访的4例结肠癌患者和4例胃癌患者术后12～27个月均因肿瘤腹腔内复发及肝脏广泛转移死亡,术后肿瘤局部复发1例,随访的全部患者未发生腹壁切口疝和肠梗阻等并发症。结论采用PP补片或复合补片修复腹壁肿瘤切除后遗留腹壁巨大缺损并发症发生率低,效果良好。     

Incarcerated incisional hernia of the sigmoid colon after appendectomy: A case report

IntroductionIncisional hernia after appendectomy is rare, affecting 0.4% to 0.9% of cases. The small bowel and omentum are commonly herniated through the abdominal wall defect, but incisional hernia of the sigmoid colon is extremely rare.Case presentationA 78-year-old man presented with a right lower quadrant abdominal wall mass on the previous McBurney incision site. He had a history of appendectomy for appendicitis 40 years ago. Computed tomography (CT) showed the sigmoid colon herniated thorough the abdominal wall defect. During the operation, a feces-impacted sigmoid colon was found protruding through the defect of the abdominal wall. Reduction of the sigmoid colon into the peritoneal cavity and herniorrhaphy with primary repair were performed.DiscussionThe ascending and descending colon are fixed into the retroperitoneum, whereas the transverse and sigmoid colon are not, which can allow these bowel segments to herniate through a weak abdominal wall just as small bowel loops do. However, incisional hernia of the colon is extremely rare. The diagnosis of incisional hernia can be easily made because a reducible abdominal wall mass can be detected by physical examination. In cases with rare type of hernia, CT can identify unusual types of abdominal hernias and differentiate hernias from neoplasms, inflammatory disease, and hematoma.ConclusionAlthough incisional hernia of the colon after appendectomy is extremely rare and preoperative diagnosis by physical examination is difficult, CT is a useful method to make the correct diagnosis, avoiding unnecessary invasive intervention, particularly in patients with an unusual abdominal wall mass.     

胸脐皮瓣转移修复巨大腹壁缺损13例报道

目的 探讨胸脐皮瓣在巨大腹壁缺损中的应用.方法 回顾性分析胸脐皮瓣转移在13例巨大腹壁缺损病人中的修复效果.结果 所有病例均一期愈合,不需植皮,无局部器官移位畸形,供区和受区形态均满意.结论 胸脐皮瓣转移修复巨大腹壁缺损效果好,恢复快.     

Successful Conservative Treatment of a Bicycle-Handlebar Hernia: Report of a Case

Handlebar hernia is a rare type of blunt traumatic abdominal wall hernia (TAWH). It involves a disruption of the abdominal wall muscles, with bowel loop herniation through the defect in the abdominal wall. We report a case of bicycle-handlebar hernia in a 9-year-old boy who had all layers of his abdominal wall disrupted after falling from his bicycle. He was brought to our hospital with lower abdominal pain and bulging. A physical examination revealed left lower quadrant bulging in a standing posture, and a palpable fascial defect, 3 cm in diameter. Computed tomography showed a disruption of the abdominal rectal muscle layer, but his skin and intra-abdominal organs were completely intact. The patient was treated conservatively with abdominal wall compression using a cotton cloth corset. Within 3 weeks, his abdominal wall hernia had healed without the need for any surgical intervention.     

无张力修补在腹壁穿刺孔癌种植转移灶切除中的应用

目的探讨疝补片在修补腹壁穿刺孔癌种植转移灶切除腹壁缺损的效果。方法对2000年1月-2007年12月我院收治30例腹壁穿刺孔癌种植灶患者采用手术切除及巴德补片修补腹壁缺损的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果30例患者术后伤口均获得一期愈合。随访时间一年，无局部肿瘤复发，亦无切口疝发生。结论利用巴德补片修复腹壁穿刺孔癌种植转移灶切除术后的腹壁缺损，是减少肿瘤局部复发和预防腹壁切口疝的好方法，值得在临床上推广应用。     

Prosthetic mesh for infected abdominal wall defects? Report of a patient with a large full thickness abdominal wall defect and colostomy due to a gunshot wound.

Reconstruction of large, infected abdominal wall defects is often difficult. Local factors, such as defect size, presence of infection, adequate skin coverage and presence of enteric fistulae dictate the reconstructive method that can be used. Placement of prosthetic mesh materials into infected defects was generally not recommended due to a high rate of extrusion and fistulae. We present a patient with a large infected abdominal wall defect, exposed intestines and colostomy due to a gunshot wound that was successfully treated with a polypropylene mesh reinforcement and free latissimus dorsi muscle flap coverage. Twelve months following abdominal wall reconstruction with stable soft tissue cover, the patient is without any signs of hernia or infection. We conclude that prosthetic mesh repair of infected abdominal wall defects of such characteristics that preclude other reconstructive procedures can be attempted provided there is coverage with a well vascularised tissue.     

恶性肿瘤切除后巨大腹壁缺损的修复

目的 探讨原发于腹壁或侵犯腹壁的恶性肿瘤切除术后巨大腹壁缺损的修复方法 .方法 本组20例,腹壁恶性肿瘤12例,其中腹壁横纹肌肉瘤9例、恶性纤维组织细胞瘤3例;腹膜后及腹腔恶性肿瘤侵犯腹壁8例,其中腹膜后恶性肿瘤3例、横结肠癌1例、升结肠癌右半结肠切除术后2～3年局部复发3例、肾癌术后5年腹壁种植复发1例.采用自膨式聚丙烯和膨化聚四氟乙烯复合补片行修复手术.观察术后并发症、修复成功率.结果 术后一期愈合20例,无皮下积液,无切口感染、裂开和切口疝发生,未见修补材料与肠管粘连,修复成功率100%.随访20例,随访时间6～18个月,平均随访(9.3±3.4)个月.补片与腹壁相容性良好,无局部炎症反应;均未发现材料与肠管粘连,无切口疝形成,腹壁修补区未见肿瘤复发.结论 自膨式聚丙烯和膨化聚四氟乙烯复合补片具有抗张力强度大、良好的组织相容性、修补术后并发症少等特点,是一种良好的肿瘤切除后腹壁缺损修复材料.     

Anterior abdominal wall reconstruction

Reconstruction of the anterior abdominal wall is based on six basic principles. First, the anatomy of the abdominal wall and adjacent donor sites must be understood clearly. This includes a complete knowledge of the neurovascular anatomy and the arc of rotation of each subunit. The defect then has to be exposed completely before the definitive closure is attempted. Once the defect is established, abdominal domain is restored with some sort of support. The next phase of the repair involves reassigning local tissue to close the defect. Distant tissue then is imported from donor sites such as the thigh, if needed. Finally, the skin envelope is readjusted and closed. These principles help optimize function and restore form, hence achieving the best possible result.     

Abdominal wall pseudohernia - One secondary to a thoracic extraforaminal disc herniation and other due to thoracic paracentral disc protrusion

An abdominal wall pseudohernia is a rare clinical entity which consists of an abnormal bulging of the abdominal wall that can resemble a true hernia, but without an associated underlying fascial or muscle defect. It is caused by segmental neuropathy and subsequent denervation of abdominal wall musculature. We present two cases of an abdominal wall pseudohernia. One secondary to a thoracic extraforaminal disc herniation in a 57-year-old male, which, as far as the authors are aware, has not been described previously. The other in a 67 year old male due to right foraminal and paracentral disc protrusion at T9/10.