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据于恩庶等综合报导,目前国内生产的人用浓缩狂犬疫苗接种后副反应大。为了解我站人用浓缩狂犬疫苗接种后副反应发生情况,我们于1995年、1996年对凡到我站注射狂犬疫苗的患者做了观察,现将结果报告如下:1 对象和方法1.1 接种对象为1995年、1996年来我站求治的被犬、猫、鼠等动物咬伤者86例,其中男性57例,女性29例,年龄5~75岁。1.2 人用浓缩狂犬疫苗为卫生部成都生物制品研究所生产,均 相似文献
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两种狂犬病疫苗接种后副反应观察及免疫效果比较 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
从 2 0 0 0年 1月份起 ,靖江市对犬咬伤病人一律使用人用精制狂犬疫苗 ( Vero细胞 ) (以下简称精制苗 ) ,替代使用已久的人用浓缩狂犬病疫苗 (以下简称浓缩苗 )。作者对接种浓缩苗和精制苗后副反应发生情况及免疫效果进行了观察 ,现将结果报告如下。1 材料与方法1.1 观察对象 为 1999年门诊接种浓缩苗与 2 0 0 0年接种精制苗的犬咬伤病例。1.2 疫苗来源与使用方法 浓缩苗为上海生物制品研究所生产的地鼠肾原代细胞苗。精制苗为长春长生实业股份有限公司生产的 Vero细胞纯化苗。两者均采用暴露后 5针次免疫程序( 0、3、7、14、3 0天 ) … 相似文献
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狂犬病免疫预防的关键在于具有安全、高效的疫苗[1]。为了提高疫苗效价,减少免疫失败,1994年卫生部决定一律生产、使用浓缩狂犬疫苗。几年来我们在使用中发现,该疫苗接种人体后临床反应时有发生。为了进一步观察浓缩狂犬疫苗使用的安全性、可靠性,我站于199... 相似文献
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本文报告了156例接种地鼠肾组织培养浓缩狂犬病疫苗的临床反应和血清学效果。全身弱反应(体温371~375℃)06%,中反应(376~385℃)19%,无强反应(≥386℃);局部弱反应(红肿<25cm)13%,中反应(26~50cm)58%,强反应(≥51cm)45%。经用ELISA法检测,注射5针浓缩狂犬病疫苗后两周,抗体阳转率为949%。抗体未阳转者增加3针免疫,即全部阳转。 相似文献
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2000年度启东市共有6839例犬(或其他哺乳动物)伤者接种人用浓缩狂犬病疫苗,为了解各种因素对人用浓缩狂犬病疫苗免疫效果的影响,找出其中可控制的因素加以改进,对其中1072例进行了血清学检测的问卷调查,得出初步的结论并提出探讨意见。 相似文献
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狂犬疫苗接种后抗体阳转情况及有关因素分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
了解我市接种狂犬病疫苗后抗体阳转情况及有关影响因素。将 1994~ 2 0 0 1年来防疫站接种狂犬疫苗的 6 884例犬伤患者全程接种结束后 10 d测定抗体。结果 6 884例接种者中抗体阳转 6 6 6 5例 ,阳转率为 96 .82 %。 相似文献
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广州市2004年狂犬疫苗免疫原性及副反应观察 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的了解目前广州市所使用的几种狂犬疫苗免疫原性及副反应情况,特别是及时阳转率,判断能否给暴露后全程免疫者进行及时保护以及评价疫苗的安全性。方法用ELISA方法检测暴露后全程免疫者首剂后14和45d的抗体阳转及副反应发生情况。结果14d及时阳转率为75.76%(100/132),45d阳转率为99.24%,疫苗种类、性别均无统计学差异,年龄按16岁以下年龄组和16岁及以上年龄组比较,差异有显著性(x^2=3.903,P=0.048)。884针次副反应观察中,低反应率2.04%(18/884),中反应0.23%(2/884),未见强反应;全身反应0.57%(5/884),局部反应15.72%(139/884)。结论全程免疫后15d,抗体阳转率达到约100%,但第3针(首剂14d)时,及时阳转率仅为70%左右,由于狂犬病最短潜伏期为5d,使得暴露后即使全程免疫也仍存在发病的可能。广州市这几种狂犬疫苗副反应率较低。 相似文献
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张远萍 《公共卫生与预防医学》1996,7(3):49-49
人用浓缩狂犬疫苗免疫反应湖北省荆沙市沙市区卫生防疫站张远萍1995年,我们对卫生部武汉生物制品研究所生产的人用浓缩狂犬疫苗进行免疫反应观察,现将结果报告如下。材料与方法一、疫苗人用浓缩狂犬疫苗系卫生部武汉生物制品研究所生产,批号:94if09(失效:... 相似文献
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对狂犬病认知水平低被认为是影响我国狂犬病流行的重要因素[1-4],但关于我国人群暴露现状及其流行病学特点缺乏连续、全面的科学数据.为了解广东省狂犬病暴露现状,评估狂犬病流行风险,于2005年在全省范围设置犬伤门诊,并以此作为暴露人群监测哨点,按统一的表格对就诊的被动物所伤人员进行登记、调查和报告,进行人群中狂犬病暴露哨点监测工作. 相似文献
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目的分析唐氏综合征发生的影响因素,为制定干预措施提供参考依据。方法采用成组病例对照研究,对2012年1月-2013年12月在徐州市儿童医院病理科经染色体检查被确诊为唐氏综合征的患儿父母及同时间就诊且年龄相差不超过5个月的正常儿童的父母进行问卷调查。结果多因素Logistic回归分析显示,母亲育龄(≥35岁)(OR=5.55)、母亲孕前发热(OR=7.87)、接触农药(OR=12.90)、周围环境污染(OR=6.94)、家庭装修或购买新家具及新车(OR=6.85)、母亲美甲(OR=44.58)与唐氏综合征的发生有关。结论唐氏综合征的影响因素复杂多样,其中母亲育龄(≥35岁)、孕前发热、接触农药、周围环境污染、家庭装修或购买新家具及新车、母亲美甲是唐氏综合征的危险因素。 相似文献
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Daniel B. Fishbein Kristine M. Yenne David W. Dreesen Carol F. Teplis Neha Mehta Deborah J. Briggs 《Vaccine》1993,11(14):1390-1394
To determine the incidence of and risk factors for adverse reactions following the boosters, we conducted a nationwide prospective study of persons receiving pre-exposure booster vaccination with human diploid cell rabies vaccine (HDCV). Persons who had previously received three pre-exposure doses of HDCV and whose rabies neutralizing antibody titres were 1:5 were enrolled in the study if they stated that they intended to receive a booster. Of the 98 persons enrolled in the study, 40 (41%) were in risk groups for whom boosters are not recommended. Three (3%) of 98 developed generalized urticaria or wheezing within 1 day of receiving boosters and three others (3%) developed urticaria 6 to 14 days after the booster. No differences were found between individuals with reactions (either type) and those with no adverse reaction according to age, gender, occupation, history of previous allergies, or time since or route of primary vaccination. Reactions were somewhat more common among persons who received primary vaccinations by the intramuscular route (i.m.) and booster vaccinations by the intradermal route (i.d.) (3/15, 20%) or primary vaccinations i.d. and booster vaccinations i.m. (2/10, 20%), and somewhat less common among persons who received both these vaccinations i.d. (1/52, 2%) or i.m. (0/7). The number of persons who develop allergic reactions may be minimized by administering vaccinations only when vaccination is strictly indicated. The influence of the route of primary and booster vaccinations on the development of reactions deserves further study. 相似文献
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杨进 曾竣 张杰 司国爱 梁贵臣 梁大斌 廖和壮 李翠云 黄焕新 董柏青 杨宏徽 R Leon Ochial Ali Mohammad Camilo J Acosta 《中国公共卫生》2004,20(8):900-902
目的 了解影响成人疫苗接种率的有关社会经济影响因素。方法 选择广西河池市2个城镇,对5~60岁登记在册居民按有对照的组群随机抽样原则进行伤寒Vi疫苗和A群流脑疫苗的大规模接种;比较接种者的人口学和社会经济特征与接种率的关系。结果 应接种对象118071人,实际接种92476人,接种率为78.32%,其中伤寒Vi疫苗76.87%;流脑疫苗79.69%。城市接种率为77.29%,农村接种率为80.58%;5~9岁接种率最高,为89.65%;20~29岁组最低,仅为69.07%;男女接种率分别为79.07%和82.11%;高收入住户人群接种率最高达到90%左右;18~60岁人群中,按受教育程度分析以“小学毕业”人群接种率最高,为78.34%;按居住单元分析,学生的人群接种率最高,达92.01%,私营业主和退休人群接种率最低,分别为69.71%和68.82%;居住未满1年者的人群接种率最低.为62.5%.居住1~2年者接种率最高,为84.47%。结论 受教育程度、经济收入、居住年限以及城乡差别对接种率并无直接影响;流动性大、老年人是影响疫苗接种率的主要因素。 相似文献
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【目的】 了解珠海市城区幼儿园儿童意外伤害现况,明确儿童意外伤害的影响因素,为开展伤害的预防工作提供依据。 【方法】 分层随机整群抽取12所幼儿园,对1 428名2~6岁儿童的父母进行回顾性调查,了解研究对象在2010年3月-2011年3月期间的意外伤害情况。 【结果】 珠海市城区幼儿园儿童的意外伤害发生率为53.2%。常见的伤害种类是跌伤(26.8%)、碰伤(16.1%)、咬伤和抓伤(13.0%)。伤害发生的危险因素为儿童左利手、母亲不良管教方式、儿童骑童车母亲未监管、儿童坐立不定、家庭月总收入、家里有玻璃家具;保护因素为家庭备有急救小药箱、母亲对伤害认识正确、母亲定期检查玩具。 【结论】 应针对儿童意外伤害发生的影响因素,采取综合安全防范措施。 相似文献
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《Vaccine》2019,37(33):4743-4749
During the 20th century parenteral vaccination of dogs at central-point locations was the foundation of successful canine rabies elimination programs in numerous countries. However, countries that remain enzootic for canine rabies have lower infrastructural development compared to countries that have achieved elimination, which may make traditional vaccination methods less successful. Alternative vaccination methods for dogs must be considered, such as oral rabies vaccine (ORV). In 2016, a traditional mass dog vaccination campaign in Haiti was supplemented with ORV to improve vaccination coverage and to evaluate the use of ORV in dogs. Blisters containing live-attenuated, vaccine strain SPBNGAS-GAS were placed in intestine bait and distributed to dogs by hand. Serum was collected from 107 dogs, aged 3–12 months with no reported prior rabies vaccination, pre-vaccination and from 78/107 dogs (72.9%) 17 days post-vaccination. The rapid florescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT) was used to detect neutralizing antibodies and an ELISA to detect rabies binding antibodies. Post-vaccination, 38/41 (92.7%) dogs that received parenteral vaccine had detectable antibody (RFFIT >0.05 IU/mL), compared to 16/27 (59.3%, p < 0.01) dogs that received ORV or 21/27 (77.8%) as measured by ELISA (>40% blocking, p < 0.05). The fate of 291 oral vaccines was recorded; 283 dogs (97.2%) consumed the bait; 272 dogs (93.4%) were observed to puncture the blister, and only 14 blisters (4.8%) could not be retrieved by vaccinators and were potentially left in the environment. Pre-vaccination antibodies (RFFIT >0.05 IU/mL) were detected in 10/107 reportedly vaccine-naïve dogs (9.3%). Parenteral vaccination remains the most reliable method for ensuring adequate immune response in dogs, however ORV represents a viable strategy to supplement existing parental vaccination campaigns in hard-to-reach dog populations. The hand-out model reduces the risk of unintended contact with ORV through minimizing vaccine blisters left in the community. 相似文献
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Andrew C. Sattler Roger A. Krogwold Thomas E. Wittum Charles E. Rupprecht Timothy P. Algeo Dennis Slate Kathleen A. Smith Robert L. Hale Gary A. Nohrenberg Charles D. Lovell Mike Niezgoda Andrew J. Montoney Richard D. Slemons 《Vaccine》2009
The effect of different oral rabies vaccine (ORV) bait densities (75, 150, and 300 baits/km2) on the seroprevalence of rabies virus neutralizing antibodies (RVNAs) in raccoons (Procyon lotor) was assessed at a 15% seroprevalence difference threshold in rural areas of northeast Ohio. Results (n = 588 raccoons) indicated that seropositivity for RVNAs was associated with both bait density and bait campaign frequency. Associations were not detected for raccoon gender, age, or macro-habitat. The odds of being seropositive were greater for raccoons originating from 300 bait/km2 treatment areas relative to those coming from the 75 bait/km2 areas (odds ratio [OR] = 4.4, probability [P] < 0.001, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.4–7.9), while accounting for cumulative ORV campaigns. No statistical advantage in seroprevalence was detected when comparing 150–75 baits/km2. These results indicate that a relatively extreme bait density when evenly distributed may be necessary to obtain a significant increase in seroprevalence. Higher bait densities may be more appropriate and less costly to address focused outbreaks than labor intensive trap-vaccinate-release and local population reduction campaigns. Finally, dramatic increases in seroprevalence of RVNA were not observed in raccoons between sequential, semi-annual campaigns, yet cumulative ORV campaigns were associated with gradual increases in seroprevalence. 相似文献
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目的了解农村中学生的忽视现状,分析中学生的忽视影响因素。方法按照"知情同意、自愿参加"的原则,采用分层随机抽样方法,从选定的中学抽取90名学生作为调查对象。应用"中国农村中学生忽视状况问卷"进行问卷调查,采用忽视率与忽视度评价忽视状况,并分析忽视的有关影响因素。结果1)本资料忽视率为35.29%,忽视度为47.75%,其忽视率显著高于本国城市中学生(χ2=7.200,P0.01),而忽视度间差异无统计学意义;2)大部分学生仅在单个层面受到忽视,极少部分学生是多个层面同时受到忽视;3)学生在情感和教育层面受忽视较重,如父母关心子女的情感问题、帮助子女树立自信心、学校注重子女的全面发展等项目中差异有高度统计学意义(P0.01);4)中学生受忽视的主要影响因素为子女与父亲关系及子女的性别。结论农村中学生较城市中学生更易受到忽视,并以教育、情感层面受忽视严重,家庭、学校及社会应积极预防学生忽视的发生。 相似文献