阿勒泰市哈萨克族及汉族女生月经初潮年龄调查分析

阿勒泰地区是哈萨克族主要居住地区之一,哈萨克族（以下简称哈族）占49．33％,鉴于哈族女生月经初潮年龄的资料尚缺乏的现状,我们于1998年9～12月对3453名女生进行了月经初潮年龄调查,并与汉族女生进行了比较。1对象与方法1．1对象：随机抽取5所中专、2所中学女生3453名,获有效答卷3442份,其中哈族1814名、汉族1628名,年龄为15～22岁。1．2方法：采用问卷式调查,回忆月经初潮年龄。不署名,当场交卷。2结果2．1哈族和汉族女生平均月经初潮年龄：月经初潮平均年龄哈族为14．40岁,汉族13．41岁,两者相差0．99岁,差异有高度显著性（…     

天津地区中小学女生月经初潮年龄及相关因素

调查天津地区中小学女生月经初潮情况及其相关因素,为指导青春期女生生理发育和开展心理健康教育提供依据.方法 采取随机分层整群抽样方法,对天津地区4 127名中小学女生进行问卷调查及体格检查.并对结果进行统计学分析.结果 共有1 383名女生经历月经初潮,平均初潮年龄为(12.68±1.19)岁;单因素方差分析发现.家庭收入较高、父母文化程度较高的女生,初潮年龄较小(F值分别为4.97,9.52,10.64,P值均<0.05).体育锻炼频率越高的女生平均初潮年龄越小(F=4.20,P<0.05).不同看电子产品时间及睡眠时长的女生初潮年龄差异无统计学意义(P值均>0.05).经Kruskal Wallis H检验,母亲初潮年龄越小,女生初潮年龄的中位数越小(H=82.94,P<0.05).将各年龄组女生分为已潮组及未潮组,来潮组女生的身高、体重、体质量指数(BMI)、腰围、臀围及皮褶厚度的均值均高于未来潮组(t=2.18.10.93,P值均<0.05);将不同年龄组女生根据BMl分为消瘦组、正常组、超重组及肥胖组,经z2检验,各年龄组月经来潮率肥胖组及超重组>正常组>消瘦组,差异具有统计学意义(x2值分别为34.66,13.37,11.09,12.60,P值均<0.05).结论 天津地区女中小学生月经初潮年龄与家庭收入、父母文化程度、母亲初潮年龄、肥胖、体育锻炼频率等相关.     

汉族女生月经初潮年龄BMI最佳临界值研究

目的应用受试者工作特征ROC曲线分析BMI、体重曲线下面积,探讨女性月经初潮BMI的最佳临界值。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,对无锡市10～14岁7 300名汉族女生进行问卷调查,了解月经初潮年龄及身高、体重。绘制ROC曲线,观察曲线下面积,计算BMI、体重最佳临界值的灵敏度和特异度。结果女生月经来潮率为40.45%(2 953/7 300),月经初潮平均年龄为12.26岁;不同年龄组已潮组和未潮组女生体重、BMI差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。BMI、体重的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.68和0.73;不同年龄组女生体重有不同的最佳临界值,但不同年龄组BMI最佳临界值趋于一致。结论 BMI最佳临界值对预测是否来潮有重要的应用价值,但其效果有待在实际应用中加以进一步验证。     

中小学女生月经初潮年龄的相关因素分析

【目的】了解中小学女生月经初潮年龄分布情况及相关因素,为开展健康教育提供依据。【方法】采用分层整群抽取2016年9—10月就读于上海市嘉定区小学四年级至高中二年级的女生2 476名进行横断面调查及身高体重的测量,分析人口学特征、月经初潮年龄分布情况,采用多重线性回归分析月经初潮年龄的相关影响因素。【结果】采用概率单位回归法计算嘉定区女生月经初潮平均年龄为12.11岁,95%的可信区间为10.20～14.38岁,女生月经初潮年龄主要与父母关系、户籍、BMI及学习压力有关。【结论】嘉定区女生月经初潮年龄与上海市女生月经初潮年龄基本一致,BMI及环境因素与月经初潮年龄关系密切,需针对性改善青春期保健服务。     

安徽省汉族女生月经初潮与体脂关系

目的了解安徽省女生月经初潮及初潮前后体脂变化情况,为采取干预措施和健康教育提供理论依据。方法按照2005年全国学生体质调研要求,采用分层整群抽样方法,对安徽省南、中、北3个地区城乡9-18岁中小学女生3000人进行调查,并测量体质指数（BMI）、腹部皮脂厚度、上臂皮脂厚度和肩胛下皮脂厚度4项指标。结果城市女生半数月经初潮平均年龄为12.76岁,农村女生13.11岁,城乡最小月经初潮年龄均为10岁。体质指数、腹部皮脂厚度、上臂皮脂厚度和肩胛下皮脂厚度4项指标均值来潮组均大于未来潮组,差异有统计学意义,P〈0.01。结论月经初潮年龄与体脂因素关系密切;安徽省汉族学生月经初潮年龄呈现提前趋势,性教育应提前,加强青春期性教育尤为重要。     

女生月经初潮年龄与家庭环境因素相关性分析

目的了解女生月经初潮年龄与家庭环境因素的关系,为采取干预措施和健康教育提供理论依据。方法整群抽取无锡市普通中小学四至六年级、初中一年级已来潮女生3 122名,进行月经初潮年龄及家庭情况的问卷调查。结果该地区女生月经初潮平均年龄为12.20岁,家庭经济收入、父母文化程度、家庭矛盾性、情感表达、亲密度为影响月经初潮的主要因素。结论女生月经初潮年龄与家庭环境因素密切相关。应加强对儿童及家长的健康教育,改善不良家庭关系,创造良好家庭氛围。     

湘西土家、苗、汉族女性月经初潮年龄及影响因素分析

目的 了解湖南省湘西自治州土家、苗、汉族女性月经初潮及影响因素。方法 对全州8个县市3种民族13～23岁月经已来潮的1902名女性进行月经初潮年龄及影响因素的调查,数据采用SPSS软件统计分析。结果 湘西州女性平均初潮年龄为13.45±1.18岁,父母为同一民族的女性1226人,初潮年龄比城市大0.46岁,经方差分析,具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。农村女性初潮年龄比城市大0.46岁,经方差分析,具有显著性差异(P<0.001)。多元逐步回归分析表明,影响月经初潮年龄的因素主要有经济状况、出身年份、生活环境、锻炼、父亲职业等。结论 女性月经初潮年龄逐年提前,其影响因素是多方面的。掌握女性月经初潮年龄的变化规律,有利于进行多形式健康教育,确保青少年健康成长。     

15年间我国少数民族女生月经初潮年龄变化趋势

目的:分析我国少数民族女生月经初潮平均年龄及从1985～2000年15年间其月经初潮年龄的变化趋势。方法:收集到1985年、1991年和2000年的部分少数民族女生月经初潮平均年龄,比较其总体的变化趋势,并用统计软件作出趋势图。结果:蒙古族、维吾尔族、壮族、朝鲜族女生月经初潮平均年龄在15年来是逐年提前的,回族在1991～2000年这段期间女生月经初潮年龄出现后退现象。这5个少数民族均呈现出乡村提前的速度快于城市。结论:我国少数民族女生月经初潮平均年龄的"生长长期变化"趋势依然存在,但增长趋势在减缓。     

广西女性月经初潮年龄相关因素分析

目的分析影响广西地区女性月经初潮年龄的相关因素。方法调查848名年龄在14~16岁之间的女生及母亲的相关因素,用多元线性回归分析这些因素与初潮年龄的关系。结果平均初潮年龄为13.04±1.45岁。母亲初潮年龄,1岁时体块指数(BMI),出生时体重,母亲身高和出生时身长为影响月经初潮年龄的主要因素。结论女孩初潮年龄不仅与遗传因素有关,而且与宫内环境和儿童时期的发育有关。     

22市少女月经初潮年龄及性心理行为调查分析

1991～1992年对全国22市8069名少女的月经初潮年龄及性心理行为的调查结果表明；初潮平均年龄以重庆市最早（12．51岁），以拉萨市最晚（13．72岁），各市之间有一定的差异；与以往同类资料对比，初潮年龄明星提前（最多提前20．5个月／10年）；手淫及性冲动率，早恋及渴望与异性交往现象，经济特区一般多于大、中小城市；高中少女普遍多于初中；对性知识的需求．特区少女最迫切（占92．3％），以青春期卫生知识居首位（69．7％～78．1％）：性必理行为与其性发育成熟程度有一定关联；手淫率及渴望与异性交往回答率均与月经来潮呈显著正相关．     

Maternal Age at Menarche and Pubertal Timing in Boys and Girls: A Cohort Study From Chongqing,China

PurposeThis study explored the association of maternal age at menarche (AAM) with pubertal timing among girls and boys in Chongqing, China.MethodsPubertal development of 1,237 children (542 girls and 695 boys) were examined half-yearly through inspection and palpation from April 2014 to June 2019. Characteristics of parents and maternal AAM were collected by a parental questionnaire at baseline. Maternal AAM was used both as a continuous and a categorical variable in Cox regression models.ResultsA total of 1,198 children (528 girls and 670 boys) were included in the study. In the simple Cox model, earlier maternal AAM was associated with girls' earlier menarche, breast and pubic hair development, and boys' first ejaculation, testicular development, and genital development. When adjusting for children's body mass index z-scores (BMIz) and socioeconomic covariates, we found that girls whose mothers had early AAM had a higher risk of earlier onset of menarche (hazard ratio [HR]: .922, 95% confidence interval [CI]: .852–.998 for continuous maternal AAM, HR: 1.297, 95% CI: 1.041–1.616 for maternal AAM ≤13 years), and boys whose mother achieved menarche earlier experienced a higher risk of earlier onset of first ejaculation (HR: .896, 95% CI: .830–.968). Children's BMIz were related to all nine pubertal milestones. Parental education and relationship, birth weight, parity, and family type were also associated with pubertal timing.ConclusionsEarlier maternal AAM was related to earlier pubertal timing in both girls and boys in Chongqing, especially girls' age at menarche and boys' first ejaculation. Children's BMIz was the most consistent factor for pubertal timing. Children's BMIz and socioeconomic conditions had greater influence on most pubertal milestones than maternal AAM.     

民族高校妇科就诊女生月经初潮和主要病症分析

目的了解民族高校女生的月经初潮和妇科就诊的主要病症,探讨影响女生月经初潮和引起妇科病症的因素,为健康宣教和临床诊治提供基本思路。方法 2012年11月—2013年1月,采用随时就诊随时录入的方式,将校医院妇科初诊女生病例信息录入自行设计内容包括一般情况、主诉及诊断的Excel表,进行统计分析。结果初诊学生共259例,包括汉族在内有26个民族;本科生171例（66.02%）,硕士研究生78例（30.12%）,其他10例（3.86%）。平均初潮年龄13.36岁。就诊病症依次为：异常子宫出血140例（54.10%）,痛经46例（17.80%）,妇科炎症34例（13.10%）,乳腺疾患14例（5.40%）,其他25例（9.70%）。结论就诊学生的月经初潮较过去二十余年有所提前;异常子宫出血、痛经、妇科炎症和乳腺疾患是妇科就诊的主要病症。在诊疗过程中,健康宣教对减少或减轻相关病症有着重要意义;同时,需及时甄别和治疗器质性病变,以防近远期并发症的发生。     

Food Insecurity and Age at Menarche in Tampa Bay,Florida

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to assess whether household food insecurity is associated with delayed or early menarche among girls in the United States. Thirty-six dyadic household interviews were conducted with mothers and adolescent girls. The interviews included a socio-demographic survey, the USDA Six-Item Short Form Household Food Security Survey Module, anthropometric measurements, and the self-administered Youth-Adolescent Food Frequency Questionnaire. Using non-parametric quantitative analyses, we examined the associations among food insecurity, anthropometrics, diet, and age at menarche. Cox Proportional Hazards Models were used to evaluate the odds of menarche based on household food insecurity. Food insecurity significantly predicted earlier time to menarche. Food insecure girls were 4.38 times more likely to experience menarche at earlier ages when compared to food secure girls (HR = 4.38, p = .04). Furthermore, the hazard of menarche increased by 25% for each unit increase in food insecurity (OR = 1.253, p = .027). The findings suggest that household food insecurity is associated with earlier ages of menarche among girls in this sample. Early menarche has been associated with adult chronic disease risk. Thus, these findings propose that food security initiatives may be used to reduce the prevalence and health consequences of early-onset puberty.     

Age at Menarche Among In-School Adolescents in Sawla Town,South Ethiopia

Background

Although a declining trend in age at menarche has been observed in developed countries over decades commonly attributed to childhood excessive weight gain and sedentary life, little is known about this case in the developing countries.

Methods

A cross-sectional study design and multistage sampling was used to include 660 school adolescents for analysis. Data collection included weight and height measurements. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were done for early and late age of menarche, in reference to average age at menarche, to measure the association of age at menarche with some socio-demographic variables and body habits.

Results

The mean age at menarche was 13.9±1.2 years (95%CI, 13.8–14.0). The menarche ages ranged between 10 and 12 years for 10.5%, 13 and 14 years for 54.5%, and 15+ years for 35%. Low menarche age was independently associated with high calorie consumption, high protein diet, more coffee intake, low physical activity and parents'' low educational background. Low body mass index, low parents'' income, exercise, and Amhara ethnic background were associated with late menarche age.

Coclusion

The mean menarche age found in this study was higher than the report from developed countries. But, the proportion of adolescents with low menarche age was comparable with reports from developed countries. Inactive adolescents were more likely to see menarche earlier than average age. Healthy eating habits, regular exercise and nutrition education need to be promoted among school children.     

Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Early Menarche of Adolescent Girls in Seoul

Objectives

The object of this study was to determine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and early menarche in adolescent girls in Seoul.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted with 144 middle school students in Seoul who provided informed consent. We measured their body composition, and used the questionnaire survey method for data collection from November to December 2008. Past elemental body composition data were collected from elementary school health records of first year of middle school.

Results

The early menarcheal group was taller and heavier than the late menarcheal group (p<0.05 from 8-12 years old). The body fat percentage (%), BMI were higher in the early menarcheal girls than the late-menarcheal girls (p<0.05, age at 13). In the result of multiple logistic regression, the BMI at the age of 8 and 9 was associated with early menarche after adjusting for birth weight, breast feeding and age at menarche of the mother (BMI at the age of 8: p for trend=0.01, BMI at the age of 9: p for trend=0.04). An increase in BMI from 7 to 8 year was associated with early menarche after adjusting for birth weight, breast feeding, age at menarche of the mother (p for trend=0.048).

Conclusions

The BMI at the age of 8 and 9 was associated with the early menarche of girls and increase in BMI from 7 to 8 year was associated with the early menarche of girls. These results suggest that BMI and increase in BMI before menarche cause early menarche. Although this study does not represent all Korean adolescent girls, it is one of the few studies that have investigated the temporal relationship between BMI and early menarche.     

Discrete-time Survival Analysis of Risk Factors for Early Menarche in Korean Schoolgirls

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of body weight status and sleep duration on the discrete-time hazard of menarche in Korean schoolgirls using multiple-point prospective panel data.MethodsThe study included 914 girls in the 2010 Korean Children and Youth Panel Study who were in the elementary first-grader panel from 2010 until 2016. We used a Gompertz regression model to estimate the effects of weight status based on age-specific and sex-specific body mass index (BMI) percentile and sleep duration on an early schoolchild’s conditional probability of menarche during a given time interval using general health condition and annual household income as covariates.ResultsGompertz regression of time to menarche data collected from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Study 2010 suggested that being overweight or sleeping less than the recommended duration was related to an increased hazard of menarche compared to being average weight and sleeping 9 hours to 11 hours, by 1.63 times and 1.38 times, respectively, while other covariates were fixed. In contrast, being underweight was associated with a 66% lower discrete-time hazard of menarche.ConclusionsWeight status based on BMI percentiles and sleep duration in the early school years affect the hazard of menarche.     

Age of Onset, Nutritional Determinants, and Seasonal Variations in Menarche in Rural Bangladesh

Menarche is an important milestone in the development of female adolescents. The study assessed the age at menarche using recall, its seasonality, and association with marital and nutritional status (using midupper arm circumference [MUAC]) among 3,923 female adolescents aged 12–19 years in a rural area of Bangladesh. At the time of assessment, most (88%) adolescents had attained menarche at the mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of 12.8 (1.4) years. Age of onset of menarche among married adolescents (13%) occurred earlier than in those who were unmarried (12.6±1.3 years vs 12.9±1.4 years, p<0.01). Age at menarche was negatively associated with MUAC after adjusting for age and marital status (β=−0.10, p<0.01). More than 50% of the adolescents had an onset of menarche during winter (χ ²=634.97; p<0.001), with peaks in December and January. In this rural population, the current age at menarche was found to be slightly lower than the previous estimates of 13.0 years in Bangladesh. An early onset of menarche was associated with season and better nutritional status of the female adolescents and may be associated with early marriage.Key words: Age at menarche, Marital status, Menarche, Nutritional status, Seasonality, Bangladesh     

Maternal Pre-pregnancy BMI, Gestational Weight Gain, and Age at Menarche in Daughters

Life course theory suggests that early life experiences can shape health over a lifetime and across generations. Associations between maternal pregnancy experience and daughters’ age at menarche are not well understood. We examined whether maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain (GWG) were independently related to daughters’ age at menarche. Consistent with a life course perspective, we also examined whether maternal GWG, birth weight, and prepubertal BMI mediated the relationship between pre-pregnancy BMI and daughter’s menarcheal age. We examined 2,497 mother-daughter pairs from the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Survival analysis with Cox proportional hazards was used to estimate whether maternal pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity (BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m²) and GWG adequacy (inadequate, recommended, and excessive) were associated with risk for earlier menarche among girls, controlling for important covariates. Analyses were conducted to examine the mediating roles of GWG adequacy, child birth weight and prepubertal BMI. Adjusting for covariates, pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity (HR = 1.20, 95 % CI 1.06, 1.36) and excess GWG (HR = 1.13, 95 % CI 1.01, 1.27) were associated with daughters’ earlier menarche, while inadequate GWG was not. The association between maternal pre-pregnancy weight and daughters’ menarcheal timing was not mediated by daughter’s birth weight, prepubertal BMI or maternal GWG. Maternal factors, before and during pregnancy, are potentially important determinants of daughters’ menarcheal timing and are amenable to intervention. Further research is needed to better understand pathways through which these factors operate.