心电图对肥厚型心肌病的诊断价值

目的通过回顾分析心尖肥厚型心肌病(AHCM)患者的12导联心电图特点,探讨其对AHCM的诊断指导价值。方法对2014年12月~2016年12月于河南省安阳地区医院心内科就诊的60例AHCM患者作为观察组,与同时期我院正常体检人群50名为对照组。行12导联心电图,进行回顾性分析,比较两组人群的心电图变化情况及有无特征性变化等。结果观察组患者心电图表现为胸导联T波倒置伴ST段下移及左室高电压表现;胸导联QRS波群时间延长,且QRS波群振幅在不同导联上变化明显,均超过正常值;在ST段分别表现为V3~V6和Ⅱ、Ⅲ、a VF下移;且有42例出现V3~V6 T波倒置。患者左胸导联R波电压增高,ST段压低,0.05m V,T波对称性倒置,左胸导联同导联R波高度与T波倒置深度,ST段压低深度呈负相关(P0.05),T波倒置深度与ST段压低深度呈正相关(P均0.01)。结论心电图诊断对心尖肥厚型心肌病有辅助指导价值,对AHCM患者早期行心电图检查可提高其疾病确诊率。     

50例心尖肥厚型心肌病患者心电图特点分析

对2002～2006年确诊的50例心尖肥厚型心肌病(AHCM)患者的心电图进行回顾性分析,结果发现50例患者均有左胸导联T波倒置及ST段压低,呈典型的Tv4＞Tv5＞Tv3者30例,左胸导联R波电压增高44例,Rv4＞Rv5＞Rv6者35例.认为胸前导联T波倒置伴R波振幅增高为AHCM的特征性心电图表现,临床应注意与冠心病、心肌梗死等鉴别.     

心尖肥厚型心肌病患者心电图的诊断意义

目的探讨心尖肥厚型心肌病患者的心电图特征性改变及临床诊断意义。方法分析38例心尖肥厚型心肌病患者的心电图及超声心动图资料。结果心尖肥厚型心肌病合并有心电图异常和超声心动图异常改变者38例(100%),其中伴胸前导联巨大倒置T波≥0.2mV～0.3mV,以V3～V4最明显29例(76%);左胸V4～V6导联R波电压增高,且RV4>RV5>RV6者26例(68.4%);ST段压低,以V3～V4最明显者29例(76%);超声心动图示心尖部肥厚达15mm或以上伴心尖部心腔狭小者38例。结论心电图对心尖肥厚型心肌病具有早期诊断价值和预测意义。     

17例肥厚型心肌病病人心电I图特点分析

目的提高对肥厚型心肌病的诊断识别.方法对1996年～2000年确诊为肥厚型心肌病17例病人的临床资料进行分析.结果全部病人心电图均有T波异常,9例心尖肥厚型心肌病病人表现为I、aVL、V2～6导联T波倒置,V1～3导联R波幅度明显增加,其中2例伴完全右束支传导阻滞者亦有左胸导联T波明显倒置;5例普遍肥厚型心肌病病人表现为T波倒置导联较心尖肥厚型心肌病病人范围小(V3～6导联伴或不伴I、aVL导联轻度倒置),V1～3导联R波幅度增加不如心尖肥厚型心肌病病人明显;2例间隔肥厚梗阻型心肌病病人有V1～3导联ST段抬高,T波直立,V1～3导联R波不增加与前两型不同;1例间隔肥厚型心肌病伴完全右束支传导阻滞者表现为V1导联呈qR形态,与心尖肥厚型心肌病伴完全右束支传导阻滞者的rsR'亦不相同.结论重视临床和心电图变化采取进一步的检查措施可以最大限度的减少该病的误诊.     

心尖肥厚型心肌病心电图与彩色多普勒显像对比

目的 心尖肥厚型心肌病（AHCM）心电图（ECG）表现与彩色多普勒（CDFI）显像对比，进一步探讨其心电图的诊断和鉴别诊断。方法 用CDFI测量34例AHCM心尖部室壁厚度，与心电图R波高度、ST段压低程度及T波倒置深度进行对比。结果 心尖部室壁的厚度与R波的高度、ST段压低程度及T波倒置深度成正比。     

老年人心尖肥厚型心肌病的临床特点

目的 了解老年人心尖肥厚型心肌病的临床特征及正确诊治方法。方法 分析7例老年心尖肥厚型心肌病患者的临床表现和心电图、超声心动图、心室造影及冠状动脉(冠脉)造影等检查特点，总结老年心尖肥厚型心肌病临床特征。结果 6例出现胸闷、胸痛，4例心界向左侧扩大，2例可闻第四心音。心电图显示胸导为主导联上R波增高、ST段压低及对称性T波倒置，5例经超声心动图证实心尖处心肌肥厚，5例左心室造影时呈“黑桃”样图形，1例冠脉造影有轻度狭窄。结论 老年人心尖肥厚型心肌病多属于黑桃型，可并存冠脉病变。心电图、超声心动图、心室造影及冠脉造影等检查有助于该病的诊断。     

非冠心病所致深而倒置的T波（综述）

心电图深而倒置的T波,多见于冠心病无Q波心肌梗塞(心内膜下心肌梗塞)、不稳定心绞痛时心肌缺血,也可由非冠心病引起.本文对非冠心病引起深而倒置T波的心电图特点、发生机理及与冠心病T波倒置的鉴别作一简述.一、心尖肥厚性心肌病心失肥厚型心肌病是由日本学者首先报道,以向心性心尖肌肥厚为特征的特殊类型的肥厚型心肌病.其心电图特征为胸前导联巨大倒置的T波(T_V_3-V_6倒置>10mm)伴ST段压低、左室电压升高.有研究观察了肥厚型心肌     

心尖肥厚型心肌病18例临床分析

目的:对心尖肥厚型心肌病辅助检查进行分析,探讨其临床诊断价值。方法:以心电图、超声心动图、磁共振、冠状动脉造影及左室造影等检查方法检测18例心尖肥厚型心肌病。结果:18例心电图显示胸前导联T波倒置呈TV4>TV5>TV3,R波振幅增高以RV4>RV3> RV5;超声心动图左室心尖室壁舒张期厚度(17.22±14.20mm)与心室间隔基底段厚度(1.07±0.23mm)之比为1.60±0.16;4例冠状动脉造影检查后排除冠心病;6例因超声心动图不典型而行磁共振心脏成像检查后确诊。结论:标准12导联心电图显示胸前导联T波倒置伴R波增高应高度怀疑心尖肥厚型心肌病,可进一步行超声心动图或磁共振检查确诊。     

心尖肥厚型心肌病心电图演变分析

心尖肥厚型心肌病是肥厚型心肌病中的一个亚型,其心电图特征是常呈现巨大倒置的T波,以及左胸导联QRS高电压及ST段压低,临床上常被误诊为冠心病或心肌炎,本文报道及分析2例患者,分别在19年(17幅心电图)9年(6幅心电图)中心电图主要特征及演变过程。     

心尖肥厚型心肌病病人MRI表现及心电图特点分析

目的研究心尖肥厚型心肌病MRI表现和心电图的特点,探讨MRI在心肌肥厚型心肌病中的诊断价值。方法对临床确诊的26例心尖肥厚型心肌病病人MRI表现、心电图资料进行回顾分析。结果 26例病人心脏MRI均提示心尖部心肌肥厚,TAHCM14例,P-AHCM12例,8例T-AHCM舒张期左室表现为典型的"黑桃心"征象。26例病人行心肌首过灌注及延迟强化MRI扫描,11例延迟增强显示心尖部肥厚心肌内不规则增强高信号。26例病人心电图均存在ST-T改变:其中26例左胸导联产生的对称倒置的T波,11例表现为巨大T波倒置(42.3%);16例表现胸前导联R波振幅增高(61.5%);17例出现ST段下移(65.4%);T波倒置深度与心尖部室壁厚度无相关性,但T-AHCM、P-AHCM两组11例延迟强化阳性病例,均表现为巨大T波倒置,两组肥厚心肌的延迟增强阳性率无统计学意义。结论在心尖肥厚型心肌病中,MRI可以准确诊断,延迟强化能够解释心电图中巨大倒置T波原因。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.