LASIK术后角膜地形图引导的个体化切削

目的　探讨再次手术中运用角膜地形图引导的个体化切削 (topogrophy guidedcustomizedablation ,TOGCA)治疗首次准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术 (laserinsitukeratomileusis,LASIK)后屈光过矫、欠矫或回退及其它屈光不正残留的疗效。方法　运用小光斑高速飞点激光扫描系统对首次LASIK术后残留屈光不正 19例 (2 1眼 )行TOGCA ,以实施再次LASIK。结果　手术后 1年 ,3眼裸眼视力为 0 .6～ 0 .8(14 .2 9% ) ,18眼裸眼视力≥ 1.0 (85 .71% )。全部病例屈光度均在± 1.0 0D以内。结论　再次LASIK术中运用TOGCA是一种安全有效的方法。     

深板层角膜移植术治疗急性期圆锥角膜的探讨

目的 观察深板层角膜移植术治疗急性期圆锥角膜的手术时机及临床效果.方法 总结自2008年9月至2009年9月于邢台眼科医院住院的急性期圆锥角膜患者8例,均于发病后2～3周采用深板层角膜移植术治疗,术后随访观察6～12个月,观察角膜植片的透明度及视力情况.结果 8例患者中,术前裸眼视力4例为手动,4例为眼前指数,矫正均不提高;术后裸眼视力为0.2～0.5的6例,≥0.6的2例,术中发现后弹力层裂孔呈裂隙状;术后6例大部分裂孔已愈合,角膜植片透明;2例裂孔较大者(尚有约1mm未愈合)术后第3天发现少许层间积液,植片基质层轻度水肿,经前房补气及包扎后层间积液吸收,角膜植片恢复透明;全组病例后弹力层破裂处无明显混浊.结论 深板层角膜移植术治疗急性期圆锥角膜可以取得较好的临床效果.     

Topography-guided custom ablation for irregular corneal astigmatism using the NIDEK NAVEX Laser System

PURPOSE: To determine whether topography-guided custom ablation produces acceptable outcomes in the treatment of irregular corneal astigmatism caused by previous corneal surgery or corneal disease. METHODS: Thirteen eyes of nine patients who had irregular corneal astigmatism from previous corneal surgery or corneal disease were treated with customized aspheric treatment zone (CATz) ablations using the NIDEK Advanced Vision Excimer Laser System (NAVEX). Changes in corneal surface regularity index, surface asymmetry index, asymmetry component, corneal and ocular higher order aberrations, uncorrected visual acuity, and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) were analyzed using Wilcoxon and paired t tests. A P value < .05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: After CATz treatment, 62% of eyes (8 of 13) showed an increase in BSCVA. Improvements in both the surface asymmetry index and asymmetry components were statistically significant after CATz treatment (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Topography-guided custom ablation can be safe and effective in the management of irregular corneal astigmatism due to previous corneal surgery or corneal disease.     

TOGCA治疗高度散光的临床研究

目的:探讨角膜地形图引导的个性化切削术(topographyguided customized ablation,TOGCA)治疗高度散光的临床疗效。方法:选择2006-05/09在我院屈光中心接受TOGCA的散光≥-2.00D的复性近视散光患者53例87眼。术前、术后行角膜地形图检查,分析手术前后角膜散光度及散光轴的变化。结果:术后裸眼视力优于术前最佳矫正视力,差异有显著的统计学意义(P<0.05),无1例最佳矫正视力下降。术前眼总体散光-2.44±0.47D,角膜散光-2.56±0.58D,均为顺规散光。术后眼残留散光-0.17±0.34D,除1例(2眼)发展了-1.00D的散光,其余患眼均在±0.50D以内,角膜散光-0.10~-2.60D,平均-0.98±0.46D,部分角膜散光欠矫与非角膜散光因素正相关。散光轴位变化较术前改变约14.13±19.18度。结论:TOGCA治疗高度散光具有良好的可预测性、安全性和有效性。术后散光较术前明显减小,手术前后角膜散光轴均保持了良好的一致性。     

表面角膜镜片术治疗有中央视区瘢痕的圆锥角膜

应用自制的表面角膜镜片对５例已有中央视区瘢痕的中晚期圆锥角膜者施行表面角膜镜片术，术中对４例行前房穿刺，降低眼压，以便充分地压平角膜圆锥，减低近视。结果：术后表面镜片上皮在３￣６天内完全再生，经过平均１１个月的随访，术后裸眼视力较术前提高１￣５行，平均３行。矫正视力较术前提高４￣７行，平均５行。近视较术前减少５￣１５．５Ｄ，平均１１．０Ｄ。讨论：根据本组５例的手术治疗结果，证实对于中央视区有较薄瘢     

Topography-guided ablation for treatment of patients with irregular astigmatism

PURPOSE: To evaluate the customized aspheric treatment zone (CATz) topography-guided ablation for the correction of irregular astigmatism induced by initial corneal refractive surgery or corneal injury. METHODS: CATz ablation was performed on 32 eyes of 28 patients. Each procedure was performed by photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) or LASIK using a NIDEK EC-5000 excimer laser. The eyes had decentered ablations, small optical zones, decreased best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), and asymmetrical astigmatism. Subjective symptoms, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), BSCVA, refraction, corneal topography, and higher order aberrations were measured. Mean follow-up was 161.9 +/- 129.9 days (range: 90 to 492 days). RESULTS: Data obtained at final postoperative follow-up show that UCVA and BSCVA increased by > or = 2 lines after CATz ablation in 17 and 11 eyes and decreased in 4 and 2 eyes, respectively. Higher order aberrations were decreased in 16 eyes and increased in 1 eye. Topographical maps were improved with decreased surface regularity index (20 eyes) and surface asymmetry index (22 eyes). Seven eyes required further enhancement for residual refractive errors. Thirteen patients (15 eyes) claimed they were satisfied with the outcome, 6 patients (7 eyes) stated that the outcome was lower than expected, and 4 patients (4 eyes) stated they were dissatisfied. CONCLUSIONS: CATz topographic ablation effectively improves the quality of vision and symptoms in the majority of patients with irregular corneal astigmatism from previous excimer laser refractive surgery. However, residual or induced refractive errors may need to be corrected with a second operation after CATz.     

TOSCA治疗复杂屈光不正的临床疗效观察

目的:评价角膜地形图引导的个体化切削术治疗复杂屈光不正的临床疗效。方法:选择接受TOSCA治疗的复杂屈光不正患者共59例113眼。其中近视度数相对高角膜厚度相对薄67眼,角膜形态不规则8眼,角膜散光大33眼,PRK/LASIK术后偏心切削6眼,PRK/LASIK术后再近视5眼。术前等效球镜为平均-1.25～-13.88(平均-6.87±2.86)D。观察术后裸眼视力(uncorrected visual acuity,UCVA)、最佳矫正视力(best-corrected visual acuity,BCVA)、等效球镜、角膜曲率、角膜厚度、高阶像差及偏中心切削等。结果:UCVA术前为0.13±0.12,术后6mo为0.94±0.22,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后6mo时的平均等效球镜为(-0.45±0.48)D,在±0.5D以内。角膜曲率术前为(43.01±1.56)D,术后6mo为(37.99±1.69)D,术后与术前比较显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术中平均切削厚度为(88.30±28.86)μm,比按照其相同屈光度和切削直径的传统LASIK/LASEK手术的切削厚度(117.93±32.72)μm节约了约(27.77±23.24)μm,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术前总高阶像差、水平彗差、垂直彗差及球差值分别为0.50±0.23,0.10±0.08,0.14±0.12,0.12±0.09,术后6mo时分别为0.68±0.25,0.21±0.22,0.32±0.18,0.38±0.14,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术前6例因PRK和LASIK术后造成的偏中心切削,其偏中心切削距离均>1.0(平均1.33±0.45)mm,术后偏中心切削平均为(0.49±0.22)mm,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:TOSCA治疗复杂屈光不正术后有较好的安全性、有效性和预测性,且可以在一定程度上节约角膜厚度。     

飞秒激光辅助深板层角膜移植术治疗圆锥角膜的临床观察

目的 观察飞秒激光辅助完成深板层角膜移植术治疗圆锥角膜的临床效果.方法 对5例（5眼）圆锥角膜患者施行飞秒激光辅助完成的深板层角膜移植术进行随访观察.术后6个月后观察其最佳矫正视力,角膜最薄点厚度,中央区角膜内皮细胞密度的变化情况.结果 术后视力均有明显提高,角膜最薄点的厚度较术前明显增加,中央区角膜内皮细胞的密度变化不大.结论 飞秒激光可以有效帮助深板层角膜移植术的实施.     

Corneal changes following collagen cross linking and simultaneous topography guided photoablation with collagen cross linking for keratoconus

Purpose:

To compare the outcome of Collagen cross-linking (CXL) with that following topography-guided customized ablation treatment (T-CAT) with simultaneous CXL in eyes with progressive keratoconus.

Materials and Methods:

This was a prospective, non-randomized single centre study of 66 eyes with progressive keratoconus. Of these, 40 eyes underwent CXL and 26 eyes underwent T-CAT + CXL. The refractive, topographic, tomographic and aberrometric changes measured at baseline, 1, 3 and 6 months post-operatively were compared between both groups.

Results:

After a mean follow-up of 7.7 ± 1.3 months, the mean retinoscopic cylinder decreased by 1.02 ± 3.16 D in the CXL group (P = 0.1) and 2.87 ± 3.22 D in the T-CAT + CXL group (P = 0.04). The Best corrected visual acuity increased by 2 lines or more in 10% of eyes in the CXL group and in 23.3% of eyes in the T-CAT + CXL group. The mean steepest-K reduced by 0.40 ± 3.71 D (P = 0.77) in the CXL group and by 2.91 ± 2.01D (P = 0.03) in the T-CAT + CXL group. The sag factor and surface asymmetry index showed no significant change in the CXL group but reduced by 3.59 ± 5.94 D (P = 0.01) and 0.72 ± 1.18 (P = 0.02) respectively in the T-CAT + CXL group. There was a significant increase in the highest posterior corneal elevation in both groups (9.57 ± 14.93 μ in the CXL group and 7.85 ± 9.25 μ in the T-CAT + CXL group, P ≤ 0.001 for both). There was significantly greater reduction of mean coma (P < 0.001) and mean higher-order aberrations (P = 0.01) following T-CAT + CXL compared to CXL.

Conclusions:

CAT + CXL is an effective approach to confer biomechanical stability and to improve the corneal contour in eyes with keratoconus and results in better refractive, topographic and aberrometric outcomes than CXL alone.     

飞秒激光辅助角膜移植手术在圆锥角膜治疗中的应用

飞秒激光是一种以脉冲形式运转的红外线激光,在圆锥角膜的手术治疗中得到了很好的应用,与传统手术方式相比,飞秒激光辅助的穿透性角膜移植术和飞秒激光辅助的深板层角膜移植术在圆锥角膜患者术后均取得了良好的临床效果和更高的安全性。本文就近几年飞秒激光在圆锥角膜手术治疗中的应用进展进行综述,并结合我们临床应用中的经验和体会进行阐述。     

准分子激光角膜表层切削术矫治疑似圆锥角膜的长期临床观察

目的 探讨准分子激光上皮瓣下角膜磨镶术（LASEK）及机械法准分子激光上皮瓣下角膜磨镶术（Epi-LASIK）矫治疑似圆锥角膜引起的近视及散光的长期安全性、有效性和稳定性.方法 回顾性病例系列研究.疑似圆锥角膜患者38例（55眼）,年龄19～44岁,男7例,女31例.近视度-3.25～-7.75 D,平均（-5.54±2.18）D;散光度0～3 D,平均（0.80±0.75）D;中央角膜厚度479～605μm,平均（541.8±30.0）μm.角膜地形图均提示1期圆锥角膜,近视及散光度、角膜地形图形态稳定至少2年.55眼均成功接受了LASEK（38眼）或Epi-LASIK（17眼）.术后6个月及2年以上（2～5年）随访,检查患者的视力、屈光度及角膜地形图.对手术前后的数据进行配对t检验（正态分布）或Wilcoxon Signed Ranks检验（非正态分布）.结果 术后2年以上,48眼（87.3%）的裸眼视力≥1.0,有效指数为1.002;51眼（92.7%）的最佳矫正视力较术前不变或提高,仅4眼（7.3%）下降1行,安全指数为1.053;等效球镜度为（-0.11±0.45）D,在±0.50 D范围内为49眼（89.1%）,在±1.00 D范围内为53眼（96.4%）;近视度和散光度分别为（-0.01±0.45）D和（0.25±0.33）D.术后2年以上的近视及散光度与术后6个月比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.术后2年以上的角膜地形图圆锥角膜指数KI值为1.02±0.04,较术前（1.08±0.01）降低,差异有统计学意义（Z=-6.098,P＜0.01）.随访期间未见明显haze及圆锥角膜进展.结论 疑似圆锥角膜患者的年龄、近视屈光度、角膜厚度及屈光度和角膜地形图的稳定性是其能否接受LASEK或Epi-LASIK治疗的关键.LASEK和Epi-LASIK对于矫治屈光及角膜地形图形态稳定的疑似圆锥角膜的近视及散光,可能是一种安全、有效的方法,但更长期的安全性有待于进一步的观察.     

Topography-guided vertical implantation of Intacs using a femtosecond laser for the treatment of keratoconus

We report 2 cases of vertical implantation of Intacs (Addition Technology) for the correction of keratoconus with temporal cones. Case 1 was a 16-year-old boy. In the left eye, the refraction was -4.50 x 100, with an uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) of 0.5 and a best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 0.7. The flattest meridian (K1) was 43.7@100 and the steepest meridian (K2), 46.9@10. Case 2 was a 20-year-old woman. In the left eye, the refraction was -6.00 -7.00 x 100, with a UCVA of 0.05 and a BCVA of 0.1; K1 was 51.3@25 and K2, 55.1@115. In each patient, 2 Intacs segments of 0.45 mm and 0.25 mm were inserted in the temporal and nasal regions, respectively. One year postoperatively, the UCVA was 0.7 and 0.3 in Case 1 and Case 2, respectively, and the BCVA was 0.8 and 0.5, respectively. The postoperative refraction was -2.50 x 110 in Case 1 and -5.25 x 95 in Case 2. Based on the localization of the cone, Intacs implantation appeared to improve visual acuity in keratoconic patients.     

穿透性角膜移植术治疗晚期圆锥角膜的疗效观察

目的 探讨穿透性角膜移植术治疗晚期圆锥角膜的疗效.方法 穿透性角膜移植术治疗11例(14只眼)晚期圆锥角膜患者.术后随访12～48个月,比较术前、术后视力变化.结果 术后所有裸眼视力与术前比较均有明显提高,有显著差异.14只眼角膜植片均透明.其中3只眼术后发生排斥反应,经治疗后恢复透明.1只眼虹膜前粘连.结论 穿透性角膜移植术治疗晚期圆锥角膜可显著提高视力,且并发症少,目前是一种安全有效的治疗方法.     

跨上皮角膜胶原交联术治疗进展期圆锥角膜

目的 观察跨上皮紫外线核黄素角膜胶原交联治疗进展期圆锥角膜的临床效果。方法 前瞻性病例研究。对36例（54眼）的进展期圆锥角膜患者行跨上皮角膜胶原交联手术治疗。表面麻醉下采用意大利SOOFT跨上皮角膜胶原交联仪将0.25%的核黄素导入角膜10 min（电流1.0 mA）,370 nm的紫外线照射9 min（能量10 mW/cm2）。平均随诊（14.1±2.3）个月。术后1 d观察角膜上皮愈合情况,术后1、3、6、12个月复诊。检查指标包括UCVA、BCVA、眼压、角膜曲率、角膜厚度、角膜地形图、角膜内皮细胞计数、角膜生物力学、角膜活体激光共聚焦显微镜检查。对手术前后的各项指标行配对t检验。结果 术后1 d裂隙灯显微镜下发现角膜上皮点状混浊、水肿,次日好转。未出现角膜溃疡、角膜溶解、haze、剧烈眼痛等并发症。术后12个月,患者UCVA从4.27±0.23提高到4.41±0.20（t=3.962,P<0.01）,BCVA从4.69±0.23提高到4.82±0.14（t=3.507,P<0.01）;Kmax下降（1.25±0.68）D（t=9.351,P<0.01）;散光值下降（0.30±0.21）D（t=7.227,P<0.01）。角膜最大压陷深度从（1.21±0.11）mm下降为（1.16±0.12）mm（t=4.131,P<0.01）。眼压、角膜内皮细胞密度、角膜厚度治疗前后差异无统计学意义。结论 跨上皮角膜胶原交联法可以有效控制进展期圆锥角膜的发展且未出现类似传统去上皮法导致的多种并发症。跨上皮角膜胶原交联方法是安全、有效的,有望取代去上皮法成为进展期圆锥角膜首选的治疗方式     

圆锥角膜发生危险因素的Meta分析

目的:采用二次文献分析法系统评价圆锥角膜发生的危险因素。方法:检索Cochrane图书馆、PubMed、Embase数据库、中国知网、万方数据和维普中文科技期刊全文数据库自2000年1月起至2021年5月发表的与圆锥角膜发生和进展有关的高质量分析性研究设计文献,提取有效数据,采用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表(NOS)对检索的病...     

Topography-guided treatment of decentered laser ablation using LaserSight's excimer laser

PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy of topography-guided laser ablation for correction of previously decentered laser ablation using LaserSight's excimer laser. METHODS: Re-treatment was performed to correct decentered ablation using LaserSight's excimer laser for 18 patients who previously underwent LASIK surgery for myopia correction in both eyes. For each patient, only the decentered eye was re-treated while the other asymptomatic eye forms a control group for this study. Measurements were conducted on ablation center, best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), contrast sensitivity and corneal aberrations pre- and post-operatively. RESULTS: For the retreated 18 eyes, the mean decentration was significantly reduced from 1.32+/-0.28mm to 0.61+/-0.23mm post-operatively (t=16.24, p<0.001), and with a significant improvement in mean BSCVA from 0.08+/-0.09 logMAR to 0.01+/-0.11 logMAR (t=4.58, p<0.001). The post-operative contrast sensitivity at the spatial frequencies (SF) of 1.00 and 0.70 was significantly improved (p<0.05 for both SFs). Corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs), including the coma-like aberrations and spherical aberration, were decreased. In comparing the measurements for the retreated group to those for the control group, no significant differencewas found either in decentration or in BSCVA, but the contrast sensitivity at 0.70 was lower and the level of corneal aberrations was higher. CONCLUSIONS: Topography-guided ablation with LaserSight excimer laser is effective to correct decentered ablation. However, the re-treated eye is still inferior to the eye with originally centered ablation in corneal optical quality or visual performance.     

233例圆锥角膜的临床特点分析

目的探讨圆锥角膜的临床发病特点。方法对1993年1月至2002年3月在我院接受穿透性角膜移植、表层角膜镜片术和深板层角膜移植圆锥角膜患者病历资料进行回顾性调查;从2000年1月至2002年3月对到我院就诊的山东地区的圆锥角膜患者进行调查。233例圆锥角膜患者在此期间到我院就诊,男性216例,女性17例。了解患者的家族史、全身并发症、发病年龄、屈光状态变化、病程进展、角膜地形图变化特点、眼轴及前房深度等情况。结果患者的临床表现基本遵循近视散光屈光不能矫正瘢痕或急性圆锥的模式。219例患者提供较准确的视力下降发病年龄,出现近视的平均年龄为13.8岁,其中11～15岁者占67.1%(147/219例)。189例患者准确回答从出现近视到框架眼镜不能矫正(视力<0.1)的时间为1～20年,其中85.2%(161/189例)发生在6年内。47例单眼出现急性圆锥,其中4.3%(2/47例)的急性圆锥角膜患者出现角膜穿孔。34例角膜基质发生瘢痕的患者中,32例(94.1%)发生于发病后的8年内。角膜地形图显示角膜锥体有旁中心沿散光最大轴线逐渐向周围扩大最后又沿散光最小轴线扩大,并向中心移动的规律。患者眼轴长度平均为(25.9±1.4)mm,前房深度平均为(4.3±0.3)mm。311只患眼有眼轴长度的A超测量数据,其中279只患眼(89.7%)眼轴>24mm。患者双眼发病早晚和程度均不同。2例患者为Down综合征,2例患者智力障碍。未发现有圆锥角膜家族史的患者。结论圆锥角膜与轴性近视密切相关,潜伏期圆锥角膜患者的前房深度较正常者深。     

亚临床期与进展期圆锥角膜地形图的比较

目的探讨圆锥角膜患者角膜地形图的特点，以期早期发现圆锥角膜患者。方法5例（8只眼）亚临床期圆锥角膜患者，14例（20只眼）进展期圆锥角膜患者。检查项目：（1）角膜地形图形态，（2）角膜中央层屈光力，（3）角膜屈光度的变化范围，（4）角膜曲率，（5）角膜表面规则指数。结果亚临床期的患者中，角膜地形图主要表现为蝶形，且多为非对称性，进展期的患者主要表现为乳头形、卵圆形及球形，角膜中央屈光度，距角膜中央I—S值有差异。结论角膜地形图检查可以早期发现圆锥角膜。