Thrombus aspiration during primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction: A review of clinical evidence and guidelines

Acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is characterized by complete thrombotic occlusion of a major coronary artery. Early recanalization of the infarct-related artery is most efficiently delivered by primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI), however this does not always restore normal myocardial perfusion, mainly due to distal embolization of the thrombus and microvascular obstruction. Early evidence for manual thrombus aspiration during PPCI was promising and this was once considered an important aspect of the procedure, especially in patients with a high thrombus burden. However, a large body of evidence from recent major randomized controlled trials (notably TASTE and TOTAL) does not support the routine use of manual thrombus aspiration in patients with STEMI undergoing PPCI.     

急诊PCI术中血栓抽吸联合尿激酶原治疗高血栓负荷STEMI的临床研究

目的探讨急诊冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术中血栓抽吸联合尿激酶原治疗高血栓负荷ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)的安全性及有效性。方法采用回顾性研究方法,纳入2017年2月—2019年2月于河北省人民医院行急诊PCI且术中应用血栓抽吸的高血栓负荷STEMI病人175例。依据术中是否应用尿激酶原冠状动脉溶栓分为血栓抽吸组(111例)和血栓抽吸联合尿激酶原组(64例)。收集病人基线临床资料和急诊PCI术资料,并记录院内及术后12个月内主要不良心脑血管事件(MACCE)和出血事件发生情况。结果血栓抽吸联合尿激酶原组年龄小于血栓抽吸组(P<0.05)。血栓抽吸联合尿激酶原组术后慢血流/无复流发生率低于血栓抽吸组(12.5%与25.2%,P<0.05)。血栓抽吸联合尿激酶原组院内及术后12个月心源性死亡发生率低于血栓抽吸组(P<0.05)。两组病人院内及术后12个月内心力衰竭、靶血管重建、再发心肌梗死、新发缺血性卒中及出血事件发生率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Kaplan-Meier分析显示,术后12个月,两组无MACCE生存率比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.206)。结论血栓抽吸联合尿激酶原可改善高血栓负荷STEMI病人急诊PCI术后心肌灌注,降低心源性死亡发生风险,且不增加出血风险。     

Thrombus aspiration with export catheter in ST elevation myocardial infarction

BACKGROUND: Many thrombectomy devices have failed to confirm initial promising results during primary angioplasty. This may be due to device complexity and operator experience. The objective of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of the EXPORT catheter for thrombus aspiration in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). METHODS: EXPORT catheter was used in patients with STEMI and angiographic evidence of thrombus in vessels with a reference diameter > or =1.5 mm. Direct stenting and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors were liberally employed to optimize angiographic and clinical results. Epicardial and myocardial angiographic parameters, in-hospital major adverse cardiac events (MACE, i.e., cardiac death, myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization) were assessed. RESULTS: EXPORT catheter was used in 129 patients without any device-related complications. Angiographic analysis following thrombus aspiration revealed a significant improvement in TIMI frame count (P = 0.0001), myocardial perfusion (P = 0.0001), TIMI thrombus grade (P = 0.0001), and TIMI flow (P = 0.0001). Stent implantation did not significantly improve myocardial perfusion, TIMI thrombus grade, or TIMI flow, but improved TIMI frame count, minimal lumen, and reference vessel diameter. When compared to a historical STEMI control group not undergoing thrombus aspiration, our EXPORT population showed significant improvements in reperfusion parameters. In-hospital MACE were uncommon (4.5%) despite high-risk patient characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that routine use of EXPORT catheter in patients with STEMI and coronary thrombosis is feasible, safe, and associated with significant improvements in flow-related angiographic parameters. The relative simplicity of this approach makes it an attractive option in this challenging situation.     

血栓抽吸在老年急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者直接介入治疗中的应用

目的:探讨经皮冠状动脉内血栓抽吸术在血栓负荷重的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死老年患者直接介入治疗(PCI)中的应用。方法:选择2009-01-2010-12期间在我院接受直接PCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死老年患者117例,其中直接介入术加血栓抽吸治疗者为血栓抽吸组,共44例;仅行常规直接PCI者73例为对照组。研究初级终点为术后TIMI 3级血流率,次级终点为随访6个月的左心室射血分数(LVEF)、主要心血管病事件(MACE)发生率及纽约心功能分级。结果:血栓抽吸组术后TIMI 3级高于对照组,达到95.5%,术后肌酸激酶同工酶及TnI达峰时间稍提前于对照组,但与对照组比较均差异无统计学意义;随访6个月结果显示,累计MACE发生率在血栓抽吸组和对照组分别为4.6%和9.5%,差异无统计学意义,LVEF在住院1周时血栓抽吸组及对照组分别为[(51.4±9.2)%︰(48.0±11.8)%,P>0.05],随访6个月时分别为[(54.5±6.8)%︰(49.9±10.5)%,P<0.05];6个月时血栓抽吸组纽约心功能分级优于对照组,但差异无统计学意义。结论:血栓抽吸可以改善血栓负荷重的老年患者急诊PCI术后TIM...     

血栓抽吸术对急性心肌梗死1年预后的影响

目的：探讨血栓抽吸术对急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者预后的影响。方法：回顾性分析2013年1月至2015年2月于上海市胸科医院就诊发病时间＜12小时的急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者257例,所有患者均进行急诊PCI治疗。最终完成1年随访的患者中121例患者进行血栓抽吸术,136例患者进行直接PCI。随访两组患者30天、1年的MACE事件及心功能。结果：两组患者在30天(3.3% vs 5.1%, P=0.548)、1年的MACE事件(5.7% vs 8.8%, P=0.475)发生率上没有显著差异。虽然即刻TIMI 3级血流比例两组同样没有差异(72.7% vs 69.9%, P=0.679),但两组在NYHA III-IV心衰的比例30天随访(15% vs 26.3%, P=0.044)、1年随访(5.0% vs 12.9%, P=0.047)血栓抽吸组均显著降低。结论：血栓抽吸术对心血管主要不良事件无显著影响,但对于降低远期心衰的发作仍具有重要作用。     

血栓抽吸导管在老年人急性心肌梗死治疗中的应用

目的 评估ZEEK血栓抽吸导管在老年人急性心肌梗死患者治疗中的应用.方法 将94例行急诊介入治疗的老年急性ST抬高心肌梗死患者分为两组,其中使用ZEEK血栓抽吸导管52例(抽吸组),未使用ZEEK血栓抽吸导管42例(对照组).观察无复流发生率、术后ST段下降率、住院病死率及左心室射血分数等.结果 ZEEK组1例(1.9%)发生无复流,住院期间无死亡;对照组中5例(11.9%)发生无复流,死亡2例(4.8%).两组患者的无复流发生率、ST段下降率、住院病死率及心功能差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).结论 老年人急性心肌梗死在急诊介入治疗中,应用ZEEK血栓抽吸导管安全可行,可清除冠状动脉内血栓,改善心肌组织灌注,有可能改善术后心脏功能.     

Thrombus aspiration catheter is a Dottering balloon

Coronary angiogram in a young man with history of STEMI with delayed presentation revealed subtotal occlusion of left anterior descending artery (LAD) with large thrombotic filling defect distal to the critical lesion. PCI was preferred without delay because of ongoing chest pain. Several runs of thrombus aspiration failed to detect any visible thrombus. However, the immediate angiogram after thrombus aspiration showed complete distal embolization of the thrombus which could have been achieved by Dottering or balloon dilatation. In contrary to the general perception, does thrombus aspiration push more thrombus than it can aspirate?     

Thrombus aspiration alone during primary percutanous coronary intervention as definitive treatment in acute ST‐elevation myocardial infarction

Background : In some patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who underwent primary percutanous coronary intervention (pPCI) with thrombus aspiration, residual stenosis after thrombus aspiration is non‐significant and additional balloon dilatation or stent placement may be unnecessary. We investigated the angiographic, procedural, and clinical outcomes of these patients in our single center pPCI‐database. In addition, to gain insight in the pathological mechanisms of coronary thrombosis in these patients, we established the histopathological characteristics and age of the aspirated material. Methods : This study consists of STEMI patients who underwent pPCI with thrombus aspiration alone in our institution. Thrombus material was collected and processed and the sections were analyzed for the presence of fresh (<1 day) or older thrombus (>1 day) and plaque components. One year clinical follow‐up was obtained and vital status was assessed up to March 2010. Results : We identified 16 STEMI patients who underwent thrombus aspiration alone as the definitive treatment during pPCI. Acceptable flow with minimal non‐significant residual stenosis immediately after thrombus aspiration was present in 14 patients (88%). In four patients (25%) repeat angiography was performed after several days and disappearance of the residual thrombus could be confirmed in three patients. During follow‐up, repeat target lesion revascularization was performed in one patient at 53 days. No recurrent myocardial infarction was observed. Two patients died 1,166 and 1,228 days after the index‐event from non‐cardiac causes. Conclusions : In selected STEMI patients undergoing pPCI, thrombus aspiration alone is feasible and safe on the short‐term and there appears to be no high risk of recurrent ischemic events during follow‐up. Our results suggest that additional balloon inflation or stent implantation may be unnecessary in selected patients, when there is no significant residual stenosis after thrombus aspiration. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

血栓抽吸联合经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术治疗急性心肌梗死的疗效研究

目的了解在血栓负荷重的STEMI患者中血栓抽吸联合经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术的疗效,比较延迟支架置入与即刻支架置入两种方法对患者住院期间临床疗效的影响。方法分析我院心内科2009年8月—2011年8月因STEMI就诊,接受急诊介入手术治疗的55例患者。根据冠状动脉内介入治疗方法的不同分为:急诊血栓抽吸联合经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术(PTCA)+延迟支架置入术组(A组),PTCA+延迟支架置入术组(B组),急诊直接支架置入术组(C组)。比较3组住院期间发生支架内血栓、死亡、恶性心律失常、急性左心力衰竭、心源性休克的情况。结果3组住院期间心脏事件发生率分别为3%、8%和15%,死亡分别为0、3和3例,术后急性期支架内血栓1例,发生在C组,各组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A组和B组发病10～14d行冠状动脉造影发现罪犯血管再次闭塞2例,发生在B组;罪犯血管远端达到TIMI血流Ⅲ级共17例(68%),分别为A组11例(73.3%),B组6例(60%),组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在STEMI急诊介入手术中对血栓负荷较重而不宜予支架置入治疗的患者,选择急诊血栓抽吸+经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术恢复罪犯血管血流,并在发病10d左右进行延迟支架置入术安全可靠,效果优于单纯直接支架置入术治疗。     

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死急诊经抽吸导管治疗后择期支架置入术的临床研究

目的 观察急性ST段抬高心肌梗死（STEMI）患者经血栓抽吸治疗冠脉恢复“再灌注”后终止手术并择期PCI治疗的近期临床疗效.方法 2009年1月至2012年1月急性STEMI行急诊冠脉介入治疗60例,分为导管抽吸组（28例）和强化介入组（32例）.导管抽吸组是单纯通过反复抽吸血栓而使梗死相关血管（IRA）血流已达TIMI3级,择期PCI术处理所有狭窄血管;强化介入组是导管抽吸血栓和直接行IRA的支架置入,择期处理非靶病变.比较两组两次手术过程及1个月后心功能等相关指标.结果 导管抽吸组二次手术前的血清BNP、hs-CRP明显降低（P＜0.05）;4例IRA免于支架置入术（P,＜0.01）;残余狭窄病变选择支架的直径小、长度短,高压球囊扩张及扩张压力小,心肌呈色3级水平高（P＜0.05,或P＜0.01）.两组效果无显著性差别.两次手术累计时间、X线曝光时间、对比剂用量及患者经济支出方面,导管抽吸组均明显低于强化介入组（P＜0.05）;1个月时复查心脏彩超,左室直径、EF值导管抽吸组明显优于强化介入组（P＜0.05）.结论 STEMI患者急诊PCI时,先导管抽吸血栓充分恢复冠脉血流,强化抗凝保护下择期PCI术,即刻及近期疗效可靠.     

Thrombus aspiration in acute myocardial infarction:Rationale and indication

Reperfusion of myocardial tissue is the main goal of primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PPCI) with stent implantation in the treatment of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI). Although PPCI has contributed to a dramatic reduction in cardiovascular mortality over three decades, normal myocardial perfusion is not restored in approximately one-third of these patients. Several mechanisms may contribute to myocardial reperfusion failure, in particular distal embolization of the thrombus and plaque fragments. In fact, this is a possible complication during PPCI, resulting in microvascular obstruction and no-reflow phenomenon. The presence of a visible thrombus at the time of PPCI in patients with STEMI is associated with poor procedural and clinical outcomes. Aspiration thrombectomy during PPCI has been proposed to prevent embolization in order to improve these outcomes. In fact, the most recent guidelines suggest the routine use of manual aspiration thrombectomy during PPCI(class Ⅱa) to reduce the risk of distal embolization. Even though numerous international studies have been reported, there are conflicting results on the clinical impact of aspiration thrombectomy during PPCI. In particular, data on long-term clinical outcomes are still inconsistent. In this review, we have carefully analyzed literature data on thrombectomy during PPCI, taking into account the most recent studies and meta-analyses.     

主动脉内球囊反搏术联合血栓抽吸治疗大面积ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死患者的疗效

目的评价主动脉内气囊反搏术(IABP)联合血栓抽吸对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗的急性大面积ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者临床预后的影响。方法发病12 h内的急性大面积STEMI患者120例随机分为试验组和对照组各60例,均给予规范的药物治疗并急诊冠脉造影,试验组应用IABP联合冠脉内血栓抽吸,对照组单纯血栓抽吸后行PCI术。评价梗死相关血管PCI术后冠脉血流(TIMI)分级,心肌组织灌注(TMP)分级、无复流或慢血流发生率、IABP并发症及术后4 w心功能、主要不良心脏事件的发生情况。结果试验组PCI术后TIMI 3级血流发生率、TMP明显高于对照组;慢血流、无复流发生率明显低于对照组;术后4 w左心室射血分数(LVEF)明显高于对照组,左心室舒张末期内径、主要不良心脏事件的发生率小于对照组(均<0.05)。结论急性大面积STEMI患者急诊PCI前应用IABP联合血栓抽吸能改善梗死相关血管的急性心肌梗死溶栓(TIMI)血流,增加冠脉灌注,改善心功能,减少主要不良心脏事件的发生率,临床应用安全有效。     

抽吸导管联合替罗非班冠脉内注射在急性ST段抬高型心梗中的应用

目的 评价在血栓抽吸前、后冠脉内注射替罗非班对急性心肌梗死患者心肌再灌注的影响及预后。方法选取2009年9月至2011年6月在我院行急诊PCI治疗的急性sT段抬高型心梗患者103例,随机分为两组。A组在造影术后立即冠脉内注射替罗非班,B组在血栓抽吸术后冠脉内注射替罗非班,评价PCI术后两组患者造影结果及左室射血分数（LVEF）、MACE情况。结果A组心肌呈色分级（MBG）2-3级的比例为86．2％,而B组的比例为69．1％,差异具有统计学意义。出院前A、B两组LVEF值分别为（70．5±10．0）％和（61．5±11．0）％。冠脉内TIMI3级血流、CTFC帧数及sT段回落率两组比较差异无统计学意义。结论在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者行PCI时,如果患者血栓负荷过重,先行冠脉内替罗非班注射然后再进行血栓抽吸,可以得到更好的心肌再灌注,并且对LVEF的改善有益。     

直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中血栓抽吸联合梗死相关动脉内应用替罗非班的有效性和安全性

目的 评价在ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中联合应用血栓抽吸和经抽吸导管梗死相关动脉内注射替罗非班的有效性和安全性.方法 试验分为2组:血栓抽吸+替罗非班组:2007年1月至2009年3月108例STEMI患者进行血栓抽吸后经抽吸导管梗死相关动脉内应用替罗非班500μg,置入支架后静脉滴注12 h替罗非班0.1μg·kg-1·min-1;单纯血栓抽吸组:2005年1月至2006年12月108例STEMI患者血栓抽吸后置人支架.主要终点:PCI术后即刻心肌梗死溶栓试验(TIMI)血流、术后90 min完全ST段回落率、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)和肌钙蛋白I峰值.二级终点:住院期间和9个月随访左心室射血分数、主要不良心血管事件(靶血管重建、再次心肌梗死、死亡)和出血事件.结果 两组患者基线特征差异无统计学意义.血栓抽吸+替罗非班组与单纯血栓抽吸组TIMI 3级血流率分别为97.22%和87.04%(P=0.011),完全ST段回落率分别是66.67%和50.91%(P=0.047),CK-MB峰值分别是83.9(68.9～310.5)U/L和126.1(74.7～356.7)U/L(P=0.034),肌钙蛋白Ⅰ峰值分别是42.7(14.7～113.9)μg/L和72.5(59.8～135.3)μg/L(P=0.029).住院期间,血栓抽吸+替罗非班组和单纯血栓抽吸组的左心室射血分数分别为(45.7±10.8)%和(42.9±9.9)%(P=0.049).9个月随访显示,血栓抽吸+替罗非班组主要不良心血管事件有降低趋势(log rank χ2=2.865,P=0.09).两组间出血事件差异无统计学意义.结论 直接PCI中联合应用血栓抽吸和经抽吸导管在梗死相关动脉内超选择应用替罗非班可以改善心肌灌注.     

血栓抽吸前后冠状动脉内注射替罗非班在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者中的应用

目的评价急性心肌梗死患者行急诊PCI时在应用血栓抽吸导管进行血栓抽吸前后冠状动脉内注射替罗非班对患者的心肌再灌注、心功能以及主要心脏事件的影响。方法取2009年9月至2011年11月在常平医院行急诊PCI治疗的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死153例,按数字表法随机分为两组,其中一组在造影术后,血栓抽吸前立即冠状动脉内注射替罗非班15ml,另一组在血栓抽吸术后冠状动脉内注射替罗非班15ml,评价PCI术后两组间造影结果以及左室射血分数、MACE的情况等等。结果在血栓抽吸前冠状动脉内注射替罗非班组MBG2、3级的比例为85.0%,而在血栓抽吸后冠状动脉内注射替罗非班组的比例为67.1%,差异具有统计学意义。出院前LVEF值分别为71.5±10.0和61.5±11.0,差异具有统计学意义。而冠状动脉内TIMI3级血流、CTFC帧数、以及ST段回落率在两组间的差异没有统计学意义。结论在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者行PCI时,如果患者血栓负荷过重,在支架置入术前先行冠状动脉内替罗非班注射,然后再进行血栓抽吸可以得到更好的心肌再灌注,并且对LVEF的改善有益。     

血栓抽吸术改善急性心肌梗死心肌再灌注的临床研究

目的探讨冠状动脉内血栓抽吸并联合球囊成型及支架置入术治疗急性心肌梗死（AMI）对梗死心肌再灌注的影响。方法进行急诊PCI的AMI患者共156例,对其中78例进行冠状动脉内血栓抽吸,然后进行球囊扩张及支架置入治疗。术后造影观察冠状动脉扩张效果及梗死相关血管血流及心肌灌注、心电图STR情况。结果抽吸血栓组与同期入选未抽吸组相比,TIMI血流3级分别为89％和78％;TMP灌注3级分别为88％和45％,STR〉50％者分别为68％和50％。结论经导管进行冠状动脉内血栓抽吸是治疗急性心肌梗死简单有效的方法,并可提高经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的成功率,减少无再流等并发症的发生。     

抽吸导管在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死直接经皮冠脉介入治疗中的疗效观察

目的评价抽吸导管在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）直接经皮冠脉介入治疗（PCI）中的疗效。方法随机入选行急诊PCI的急性STEMI患者80例,其中使用抽吸导管后行支架置人术32例（抽吸导管组）,未使用抽吸导管而行球囊扩张及支架置人术48例（直接PCI组）。观察两组术后即刻TIMI血流分级、无复流现象、术后即刻胸痛缓解率、术后1hST段回落≥50％（STR≥50％）发生率和心梗后24h及2周左室舒张末径（LVDD）、左室射血分数（LVEF）。结果抽吸导管组即刻TIMI血流2-3级高于直接PCI组（94％比75％,P〈0．05）,抽吸导管组无复流现象低于直接PCI组;抽吸导管组术后1hSTR≥50％、胸痛缓解率均高于急诊PCI组（94％比71％、88％比71％,均P〈0．05）;抽吸导管组心梗后24hLVDD低于直接PCI组[（54．2±4．1）mm比（56．2±4．2）mm,P〈0．05],心梗后24hLVEF高于直接PCI组[（57．6＋5．24）％比（55．0±4．6）％,P〈0．05],梗后2周LVDD及LVEF两组间差异无统计学意义。结论急诊PCI时联合使用抽吸导管可减少无复流发生,改善心肌再灌注及心肌梗死早期心功能。     

Aspiration coronary thrombectomy for acute myocardial infarction increases myocardial salvage

Objectives : The aim of the study was to assess if aspiration thrombectomy in high risk patients with STEMI and angiographic evidence of thrombus may improve myocardial salvage. Background : It is unclear if thrombus aspiration before percutaneous intervention (PCI) improves myocardial salvage. Methods : The trial was a prospective randomized study. The inclusion criteria were: first STEMI within 12 hr from symptoms onset, culprit lesion in left anterior descending or right coronary artery, culprit artery TIMI flow ≤ 2 and angiographic evidence of thrombus. The primary endpoint was myocardial salvage index (MSI) as assessed by ^99mTc‐sestamibi SPECT imaging. Results : We randomized 137 patients (98 male, mean age 64.1 ± 12.5 years) either to aspiration thrombectomy followed by standard PCI with stent implantation (n = 67) or to standard primary PCI (n = 70). Index perfusion defect was similar in both study groups: 34.2% ± 13.1% in thrombectomy group versus 37.1% ± 12.0% in primary PCI group (P = 0.2). MSI was larger in aspiration thrombectomy group than in control patients [25.4% (IQR 13.5–44) vs. 18.5% (IQR 7.7–30.3) respectively, P = 0.02]. The final infarct size was smaller in patients treated with aspiration thrombectomy (23.1% ± 13.3% vs. 28.9% ± 10.2% in the control group, P = 0.002). Conclusions : Aspiration thrombectomy improves myocardial salvage in high risk STEMI patients with angiographic evidence of thrombus. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

单纯导管血栓抽吸快速恢复ST段抬高型心肌梗死心肌“再灌注”的临床观察

目的探讨单纯使用导管抽吸血栓方法开通急性sT段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）患者冠脉并恢复“再灌注”治疗的即刻及近期疗效。方法选择2009年1月至2012年1月收治的急性STEMI行急诊冠脉介入治疗病例中，符合纳入条件的梗死相关动脉（IRA）高血栓负荷患者共60例，其中18例为导管抽吸组，患者单纯通过反复抽吸血栓IRA血流已达到TIMI3级，待10~14d后再做冠脉造影以确定是否进行PCI治疗；另42例为强化介入组，除使用血栓导管抽吸外，一次性完成IRA的支架置人手术。观察两组术后即刻的TIMI分级，以及两组术前、术后2h肌酸激酶同工酶（CK—MB）、高敏c反应蛋白（hs—CRP）、B型脑利钠肽（BNP）水平；记录两组从穿刺进针至手术结束的时间；化验术前及术后1周的外周血白细胞计数；比较术后1周的心脏超声指标如左心室射血分数（LVEF）和左心室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）的变化；观察术中及术后消化道出血及住院期间MACE事件。结果单纯导管抽吸组经反复抽吸后，17例（94％）达TIMI3级血流程度，而强化介入组最终30例（71％）达TIMI3级血流程度，两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；导管抽吸组发生“无再流（no—flow）”相对较少，但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。单纯导管抽吸组从进针至手术结束时间均较强化介入组缩短，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。两组术后即刻胸痛缓解率、STR、术中心肌酶及其他生化指标、术后白细胞计数、心脏超声LVEF及LVEDD等指标，单纯抽吸组均优于强化介入组（P〈0．05）。单纯导管抽吸组术中1例呕出混有血性呕吐物，术后1例出现心绞痛发作；强化介入组术中有2例、术后1例呕出混有血性呕吐物，术后3例出现心绞痛发作，但两组比较差异无统计学意义（P均〉0．05）。结论单纯使用导管反复抽吸血栓可使部分高血栓负荷的急性STEMI患者恢复正常冠脉血流，在强化抗栓治疗保护下，即刻和近期疗效安全可靠。     

Dual Role of Guide Extension Catheters for the Management of High Thrombus Burden in STEMI: Case Report and Mini Review

High thrombus burden in ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients increases the risk of adverse events. In this report, we review current strategies for high thrombus burden and present a case report with the combination of two different techniques: aspiration through a guide extension catheter followed by local intracoronary thrombolysis with ‘marinade’ technique.