超声造影对周围型肺局灶性病变的鉴别诊断

摘要 目的 探讨超声造影对周围型肺局灶性病变良恶性鉴别的临床意义。方法 回顾性分析116个周围型肺局灶性病变,其中良性病灶组62个,恶性病灶组54个。观察病灶超声造影的增强时相(ΔT<2.5s为早期增强、ΔT≥2.5s为晚期增强)及造影模式,对比分析良性病灶组与恶性病灶组的差别及诊断效率。结果 增强时相良性病灶组以早期增强为主,恶性病灶组以晚期增强为主,分别占比82.3%、64.8%,良恶性病灶差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。造影模式良性病灶组以迅速基底树枝样增强为其特征,恶性病灶组以点片样增强为其特征,良恶性病灶差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。分别以早期增强、迅速基底树枝样增强作为判断良性病灶指标,其敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为(82.3%,22.6%)、(66.7%,94.4%)、(75.0%,56.0%);分别以晚期增强、点片样增强作为判断恶性病灶指标,其敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为(64.8%,68.5%)、(85.5%,62.9%)、(75.9%,65.5%)。结论 超声造影在周围型肺局灶性病变的鉴别诊断中有较高的临床价值。     

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for the study of peripheral lung lesions: a preliminary study

The use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for the study of peripheral lung lesions has never been systematically investigated. We evaluated the CEUS patterns of 98 peripheral lung lesions before performing US-guided fine-needle biopsies (FNB). The examinations were done with an Esaote Technos MPX scanner in the harmonic mode with a mechanical index of 0.04 or less. Contrast enhancement was achieved with a 4.8 mL bolus of SonoVue (Bracco) administered via an antecubital vein. All FNBs performed under CEUS guidance were adequate for pathologic diagnosis. Seventy-eight lesions were malignant: 33 (41.9%) were adenocarcinomas, 29 (36.5%) were squamous-cell carcinomas, 13 (17.6%) were undifferentiated large-cell carcinomas and the remaining three (4.1%) were small-cell carcinomas. All presented intralesional enhancement consistent with tumor neovascularization. In some cases, there were unenhanced areas consistent with zones of necrosis and these areas were avoided during FNB. The other 20 lesions were benign (four lipomas, two fibrous lung tumor, two noncaseous granulomas, six abscesses, one rheumatoid nodule, one histiocytosis X, one chondroid hamartoma, one sclerosing hemangioma, two sarcoid nodules) and none presented intralesional enhancement. This initial and admittedly limited experience suggests that CEUS may provide diagnostically useful information on peripheral lung lesions and increase the diagnostic yield of transthoracic FNB by reducing the risk of inadequate tissue sampling.     

对比增强超声对猪肝轻度损伤的初步研究

目的应用对比增强超声来探索肝割裂伤口的位置、范围及图像特征。方法两只巴马小型猪,用手术刀经皮经肝作深20mm,宽10mm的切口。静脉注入超声造影剂(SonoVue)来显示伤口的位置、范围和图像特点。结果经皮经肝形成的割裂口,于裂口的位置用二维声像图(基波和谐波模式)上无法显示伤口的位置和范围。注入造影剂后,肝实质高回声消退后,呈线状强回声的割裂口显示十分清晰,此处的强回声一直持续时间较长。另外,紧贴裂口处的肝包膜下,可见线状强回声。肝实质内造影剂完全消除后,将造影模式转换成灰阶模式,仍见裂口处的强回声条索,并见其后方的弱声影。再反转成彩色血流成像模式,于裂口处彩色血流明显增强。结论由于造影剂的原因,割裂口在对比增强超声图上显示为强回声。因此,对比增强超声能反映肝脏损伤的程度和损伤区的部位、形态和范围。     

超声造影和声触诊组织量化技术对肝脏良、恶性病变的诊断价值

目的 探讨超声造影技术和声触诊组织量化技术鉴别诊断肝脏局灶性病变良、恶性的价值.方法 对71例患者的83个病灶进行常规超声、超声造影和声触诊组织量化技术（VTQ）检查,根据超声造影相关指标和病灶剪切波速度（SWV）,对病灶良、恶性进行判断.结果 超声造影诊断肝脏局灶性病变良、恶性的敏感度、特异度及准确率分别为91.07％、92.59％、91.57％;良、恶性病灶的SWV值分别为（1.42±0.3）m/s和（2.76±1.0）m/s,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.以SWV值=1.79m/s为临界点鉴别肝脏局灶性病变良、恶性,其敏感度、特异度和准确率分别为80.36％、92.59％、84.34％;超声造影联合VTQ诊断的敏感度、特异度和准确率分别为96.43％、85.19％、92.77％.结论 超声造影和VTQ技术均对肝脏局灶性病变有诊断价值,二者从不同方面反映病灶特征,具有一定的互补作用,联合应用时能提高诊断率.     

乳腺炎性病变的超声造影增强表现及误诊分析

目的 探讨乳腺炎性病变的超声造影增强表现并分析其误诊原因。方法 回顾性分析已证实的43个乳腺炎性病灶,定性分析其超声造影增强表现及其符合的造影预测模型,并对其误诊原因进行分析。结果 乳腺炎性病变符合乳腺造影恶性预测模型,主要表现为快进、非向心性、不均匀性高增强,增强后病灶变大等恶性病变的特点,与乳腺癌极为相似,其中以化脓性乳腺炎、浆细胞性乳腺炎及肉芽肿性乳腺炎等病理类型多见。结论 乳腺炎性病变病理特征复杂多变,超声造影后仍易误诊为乳腺癌,需结合临床症状及多种影像学诊断技术综合判断,最终确诊需依靠病理诊断结果。     

Inflammatory activity in Crohn disease: ultrasound findings

Improvements in the ultrasound examination of bowel disease have registered in the last years the introduction of new technologies regarding high frequency probes (US), highly sensitive color or power Doppler units (CD-US), and the development of new non-linear technologies that optimize detection of contrast agents. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CE-US) most importantly increases the results in sonographic evaluation of Crohn disease inflammatory activity. CE-US has become an imaging modality routinely employed in the clinical practice for the evaluation of parenchymal organs due to the introduction of new generation microbubble contrast agents which persist in the bloodstream for several minutes after intravenous injection. The availability of high frequency dedicated contrast-specific US techniques provide accurate depiction of small bowel wall perfusion due to the extremely high sensitivity of non-linear signals produced by microbubble insonation. In Crohn’s disease, CE-US may characterize the bowel wall thickness by differentiating fibrosis from edema and may grade the inflammatory disease activity by assessing the presence and distribution of vascularity within the layers of the bowel wall (submucosa alone or the entire bowel wall). Peri-intestinal inflammatory involvement can be also characterized. CE-US can provide prognostic data concerning clinical recurrence of the inflammatory disease and evaluate the efficacy of drugs treatments.     

常规超声与超声造影对宫腔病变的诊断价值

目的探讨常规超声与超声造影对宫腔病变的诊断价值。 方法选取自2018年12月14日至2020年12月10日在北京大学人民医院妇科超声检查室就诊并提示宫腔病变的患者55例。常规二维超声根据宫腔病灶回声、大小及血流信号初步判断病变性质,再于宫腔镜手术前行超声造影检查,以正常宫壁做对照,根据病变区造影剂到达时间、峰值强度及消退时间对病变做出良恶性判断。以病理结果为金标准,分析比较常规超声与超声造影对宫腔病变的诊断效能,以及宫腔良、恶性病变超声造影模式差异。 结果宫腔镜术后病理诊断良性病变36例;恶性病变19例。以术后病理为金标准,常规二维超声诊断病变良恶性的准确性为47.3%,敏感度63.2%、特异度73.7%、阳性预测值70.6%、阴性预测值93.3%;超声造影诊断病变良恶性的准确性为89.1%,敏感度89.5%、特异度88.9%、阳性预测值81.0%、阴性预测值94.1%。常规超声诊断结果与病理诊断不符合的6例患者中,5例超声造影诊断结果与病理相符合。常规二维超声无法明确诊断的23例患者中,20例超声造影诊断结果与病理相符合,超声造影对该23例的诊断敏感度为83.3%（5/6）,特异度为88.2%（15/17）。恶性病变以早增强（84.2%,16/19）、高增强（78.9%,15/19）和早消退（89.5%,17/19）为主,早-高-早及早-高-同造影模式均为恶性病例,占比73.7%（14/19）。良性病变以同步增强及晚增强为主,占94.4%（34/36）,其中晚-低-同模式分布最多,为13例。 结论超声造影可弥补单一采用常规二维超声的不足,二者联合应用可提高宫腔病变诊断准确性。     

超声造影应用于脾脏的初步探讨

目的探讨超声造影在脾脏中的应用价值。方法应用造影剂声诺维(SonoVue)对18例常规超声发现脾脏异常患者和10例正常对照组进行超声造影,观察并分析超声造影特征。结果正常对照组10例造影剂充填均匀,脾动脉10~17 s开始显影,以13~14 s居多,脾实质显影比脾动脉显影慢约1~3 s。18例可疑病变的患者中,造影提示正常脾脏组织2例,脾血管瘤3例,脾梗死2例,脾恶性肿瘤4例,副脾2例,脾囊肿2例。误诊3例,其中2例脾血肿,1例脾梗死。所有病例均得到CT、MRI或手术病理证实。结论超声造影在鉴别脾脏疾病中有一定的应用价值。     

超声造影增强模式鉴别软组织肿块良恶性

Objective: To investigate the ability of contrast enhancement patterns of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in differentiating benign and malignant soft tissue tumours.     

肾错构瘤的超声造影模式分析

目的通过对肾错构瘤超声造影模式分析来探讨超声造影在肾错构瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断中的价值。方法选用新型造影剂SonoVue对12例肾错构瘤进行超声造影和动态观察。结果造影结果表明肾错构瘤造影增强方式为“快进慢出”和“慢进慢出”;灌注方式多数以周边先增强,向中央充填呈均匀高增强;消退方式为瘤体周边开始缓慢消退,持续时间较长。结论肾错构瘤的造影模式与其病理分类有一定的相关性,超声造影能进一步明确肾肿瘤的性质。     

超声造影对肺癌增强类型的初步研究

目的 探讨超声造影在肺癌中的增强表现类型.方法 对38例肺癌患者(外周型肺癌28例,中心型肺癌伴阻塞性肺不张10例)进行超声造影,使用时间-强度曲线分析软件记录病灶的始增时间、达峰时间并观察病灶的增强模式.结果 28例外周型肺癌病灶中,6～16 s之间开始增强24例,平均达峰时间(20.6±4.3)s,4～5 s之间开始增强3例,平均达峰时间13.5 s;无增强1例.在28例病灶中,以增强程度分类,表现为高增强14例,低增强13例,无增强1例;以造影剂的分布密度分类,表现为不均匀增强17例,均匀增强10例,无增强1例.10例中心型肺癌伴阻塞性肺不张病灶,造影后显示不张的肺组织早在平均4.8 s开始增强,平均10.5 s时增强达到峰值,而合并的肿瘤平均在10.5 s开始增强,平均16.1 s时增强达到峰值.结论 超声造影有助于鉴别肺囊实性病灶,有助于检出隐藏在肺不张中的肿瘤.     

超声造影诊断脾脏局灶性病变

目的探讨CEUS诊断脾脏局灶性病变的应用价值。方法应用SonoVue对25例疑似脾脏病变的患者行CEUS,观察病灶灌注过程。结果 7例脾脏正常,造影剂均匀充填,呈均匀一致的高增强;5例恶性肿瘤动脉期有不同程度增强,实质期均快速退出;13例良性病变中,2例脾血肿、2例脾囊肿、1例脾结核无增强,其余病灶均表现出不同程度增强。与病理结果对照,CEUS诊断脾脏病变的敏感度、特异度及准确率分别为96.97%(32/33)、92.31%(12/13)、95.65%(44/46),均高于二维超声[分别为60.61%(20/33)、46.15%(6/13)、56.52%(26/46)]。结论 CEUS对脾脏局灶性病变的诊断和鉴别诊断有一定价值。     

超声造影对早期细菌性肝脓肿的诊断价值

目的 探讨早期细菌性肝脓肿的超声造影的特点及在诊断中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析12例经临床治疗、超声引导下穿刺病理证实为早期细菌性肝脓肿的常规超声和超声造影的影像学表现.结果 早期细菌性肝脓肿常规超声表现为均匀或不均匀肝内低回声病灶;超声造影表现为病灶中央持续性无充填,病灶测值减小,一过性周边增强;而"花瓣征"或"蜂窝样"改变为其特征性表现.结论 超声造影对早期细菌性肝脓肿尤其是不典型表现的早期肝脓肿有较高的诊断价值.     

声学造影在子宫肿瘤诊断中的应用

目的探讨新型造影剂声诺维及实时灰阶造影匹配成像技术对子宫肿瘤病变的诊断价值。方法对38例子宫肿瘤患者,采用新型造影剂声诺维及实时造影匹配成像技术进行超声造影,观察不同病变造影剂灌注过程及造影后声像图特点。结果子宫肌瘤表现为造影剂自外周向内快速充盈,假包膜强化明显,瘤体内部造影剂分布均匀,较包膜消退快,而变性区则无造影剂分布,浆膜下及黏膜下肌瘤可显示来源于子宫的蒂部供血动脉血流。宫颈癌及内膜癌病灶区滋养血管首先充盈,病灶内部强化欠均匀,消退早于正常子宫肌层。结论超声造影能清晰显示肌瘤边界及内部变性情况,能较清晰显示内膜癌及宫颈癌浸润肌层的程度,有助于提高超声对子宫肿瘤的诊断价值。     

手部不确定性软组织肿瘤的临床及超声表现

目的 探讨手部不确定性软组织肿瘤的临床及超声特点。方法 回顾性分析38例手部不确定性软组织肿瘤的临床表现、超声检查资料、手术及病理结果,探讨其声像图特点。结果 38例中(共45个肿瘤),肿瘤位于手指、手背、手掌和手腕者分别占57.89%(22/38)、26.32%(10/38)、10.53%(4/38)、5.26%(2/38)。肿瘤最大径为0.5 cm~4.1 cm,平均(1.50±0.80)cm。病理类型为腱鞘巨细胞瘤13例、血管瘤6例、血管平滑肌瘤6例、神经鞘瘤4例、皮肤纤维瘤3例、血管脂肪瘤2例、血管球瘤1例、腱鞘纤维瘤1例、侵袭性血管黏液瘤1例、隆突性皮肤纤维肉瘤1例。大部分病变表现为边界清晰、外形规则的实性低回声肿块。肿块内部回声多样性与其病理类型及继发改变有关。结论 手部不确定性软组织肿瘤病理类型繁多,大多数为良性。声像图表现无特异性,不能可靠区分良、恶性肿瘤。超声表现结合临床资料,可对部分肿瘤做出提示性或排除性诊断。     

超声造影在常规超声BI-RADS 4类病变中的应用——与DCE-MRI的对比研究

目的探讨超声造影(CEUS)在常规超声BI-RADS 4类乳腺病变中的临床应用价值,并与动态增强磁共振(DCE-MRI)对比研究。方法选取86个常规超声发现的BI-RADS 4类乳腺病灶,均进行超声造影及磁共振增强检查,采用BI-RADS分类法进行重新分类,以病理结果为金标准,比较两种影像学检查方法的诊断效能。结果乳腺恶性病变65个,良性病变21个,CEUS和DCE-MRI两种诊断方法的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为89.23%、80.95%、93.55%、70.83%;92.31%、85.71%、95.24%、78.26%,二者差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。常规超声BI-RADS 4类病变降至3类:CEUS 17个,DCE-MRI 18个;BI-RADS 4类升至5类病变:CEUS 11个,DCE-MRI 13个。结论在常规超声的基础上,超声造影对于常规超声BI-RADS 4类乳腺病变,能够进一步提供更多的诊断信息,与增强磁共振具有较好的一致性,具有较好的临床应用价值。     

Liver contrast enhanced ultrasound perfusion imaging in the evaluation of chronic hepatitis C fibrosis: preliminary results

We wanted to determine whether liver contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS)-derived peak signal intensity (PSI) and peak signal intensity/time (PIT) predict liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Forty-nine patients with CHC (METAVIR classification) and 10 control subjects were included in the study. After a bolus of 2.4 mL SonoVue (Bracco Imaging, Milan, Italy) solution was injected into a peripheral vein, the right lobe of the liver containing the right portal vein was scanned in a transverse section. Two-dimensional sonography was performed using the Philips iU22 ultrasound system (Philips Healthcare, Best, the Netherlands). A 1.0-5.0-MHz (C5-1) wideband convex transducer was used, applying the following settings in all cases. Regions of interest were manually drawn over the right liver lobe and over the portal vein (PV). Liver parenchyma PSI (LPpsi) and PIT (LPpit), portal vein PSI (PVpsi) and PIT (PVpit) were automatically calculated. δPSI was defined as the difference between PVpsi and LPpsi. A significant correlation was observed between PA_PSI and fibrosis scores. When patients were stratified according to their LPpsi, a significant difference was achieved only between patients with fibrosis score 0-1 vs. 2-3 and 2 vs. 4. Statistically significant differences between all fibrosis scores, except 0 vs. 1 and 3 vs. 4 were observed when δPSI was used to stratify patients. Overall diagnostic accuracy of LPpsi and δPSI measurement for severe fibrosis by area under the receiving operator characteristic curve analysis was, respectively, 0.87 and 0.88. We suggest that liver CEUS perfusion could have the potential to be used as a complementary tool for the evaluation of liver fibrosis. However, further large-scale studies are required to accurately assess its accuracy in the evaluation of liver fibrosis. (E-mail: aorlacchio@uniroma2.it)     

双重超声造影在肛瘘诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨经静脉超声造影联合经瘘管超声造影在肛瘘诊断中的应用价值。 方法回顾性选取2018年1月至2019年6月中国科学院大学宁波华美医院肛肠外科收治的79例肛瘘患者,在常规二维超声检查的基础上分别行经静脉和经瘘管双重超声造影检查,记录外口的数目、位置、距肛缘的水平距离,瘘管的走行、与括约肌和肛提肌的关系（Parks分类）,内口的数目、位置、距肛缘的垂直距离,分支瘘管的数目、走行,与手术诊断结果作对照分析。 结果双重超声造影诊断肛瘘Parks分类的准确性高于常规二维超声检查（92.41% vs 79.75%）,差异有统计学意义（χ²=5.247,P=0.022）。双重超声造影诊断肛瘘内口和分支瘘管数目的准确性分别为92.79%、85.71%,常规二维超声诊断内口和分支瘘管数目的准确性分别为76.58%、62.86%,差异均有统计学意义（χ²=11.202、4.718,P=0.001、0.030）。 结论双重超声造影检查可充分发挥超声造影技术的优势,对肛瘘的Parks分类、内口及分支瘘管的判断具有较高的准确性,可弥补常规二维超声的不足,为临床治疗决策提供依据。     

二维超声联合CEUS鉴别诊断良恶性甲状腺结节

目的 探讨二维超声联合CEUS对良恶性甲状腺结节的鉴别诊断价值。方法 对94例甲状腺结节患者(共99个结节)行常规超声、CEUS检查,观察甲状腺结节的二维超声、CEUS特征。分析比较良、恶性甲状腺病变超声特征的差异。对存在统计学意义的观察指标进行赋值后、比较各分值的鉴别诊断效能。结果 99个甲状腺结节中,30个为恶性结节,69个为良性结节。良、恶性病灶二维声像图特征中,回声、纵横比、形态、边界、钙化、回声均匀度的差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);CEUS特征中,相对始入时间、环状增强、后期低增强的差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。二维超声与CEUS参数的总评分≥4分时,可获得较好的敏感度及特异度、分别为86.67%(26/30)、78.26%(54/69)。结论 二维超声联合CEUS是鉴别诊断甲状腺结节良、恶性的一种可行、有效的方法。     

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound of breast fibromatosis: a case report

We herein present a rare case of breast fibromatosis, the contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) findings of which we believe have never been described. The high similarity between the clinical and imaging manifestations of breast cancer makes its differential diagnosis difficult. In this report, we describe the CEUS findings of a less common type of fibromatosis, discuss the potential value of CEUS to differentiate it from malignant breast lesions, and briefly review the literature.