托吡酯单药治疗癫痫的临床观察

目的 观察托吡酯(TPM)单药治疗癫痫的临床疗效和不良反应。方法 应用TPM治疗64例癫痫患者，平均日剂量为138mg，服药6～36个月，将每例患者治疗最后3个月的发作次数与基础期比较，并观察记录其不良反应。结果本组总有效率为78．1％，其中控制率为42．2％。不良反应的发生率为70．3％，中枢神经系统的不良反应占57．1％，多数较轻微且持续时间较短。l0例(15．6％)因治疗无效、不良反应或经济等原因终止治疗。结论 TPM长期单药治疗癫痫疗效明显，耐受性好，较为安全。     

托吡酯单药治疗癫疗效和脑电图观察

目的观察托吡酯(TPM)单药治疗癫的疗效及脑电图变化。方法49例临床及脑电图检查确诊为癫的病人,观察其单服TPM1个月、3个月及半年的疗效及脑电图。结果临床疗效服药半年33例控制发作,脑电图半年仅5例异常。结论TPM单药治疗癫疗效明显,脑电图改善快,脑电图可作为观察疗效、指导用药、调整剂量的有效方法。     

托吡酯单药治疗癫(癎)疗效和脑电图观察

目的观察托吡酯（TPM）单药治疗癫癇的疗效及脑电图变化。方法49例临床及脑电图检查确诊为癫癇的病人，观察其单服TPM1个月、3个月及半年的疗效及脑电图。结果临床疗效服药半年33例控制发作。脑电图半年仅5例异常。结论TPM单药治疗癫癇疗效明显，脑电图改善快，脑电图可作为观察疗效、指导用药、调整剂量的有效方法。     

托吡酯治疗癫痫的临床观察

目的:本文观察应用托吡酯(妥泰)治疗癫痫的效果及安全性。方法:57例癫痫病人给予口服托吡酯,观察不同发作类型、年龄、用药方法、病程长短及影像改变与疗效的关系。结果:托吡酯对部分性、全面性发作及婴儿痉挛均有效,不良反应较轻。结论:托吡酯是一广谱、安全、有效的新型抗癫痫药物。     

托吡酯单药及添加治疗癫痫疗效的随访观察

目的观察托吡酯单药及添加治疗不同类型癫痫的长期临床疗效。方法对服药大于2年的95例癫痫患者给予托吡酯单药和添加治疗;分别于服药6个月、1年、2年时进行随访。评定其控制率、托吡酯保留率,以及不良反应。结果服药6个月时,不同发作类型患者中以简单部分性发作(SPS)及全面强直阵挛性发作(GTCS)患者的控制率最好,分别为58.8%和52.8%;单药治疗组控制率(63.8%)显著高于添加组(27.0%);单药治疗组1年(50.0%)及2年时(41.7%)的控制率显著高于添加组(23.8%,20.0%)(均P<0.01);单药治疗组1年(68.5%)及2年(62.1%)的保留率显著高于添加组(56.8%,40.5%)(均P<0.01);本组的不良反应依次为厌食、体重减轻、无汗、反应迟钝、肢体麻木、记忆力下降、注意力不集中等。结论托吡酯对各类型癫痫均有明显的疗效,其中以SPS和GTCS最显著;其短期、长期的控制率均较好。     

托吡酯单药治疗155例癫痫的疗效观察

近年来我们应用托吡酯(TMP)对155例癫痫患者进行单药治疗，取得较好的疗效，现报告如下。     

托吡酯添加治疗难治性癫痫临床观察

托吡酯的结构与现在的抗癫痫药完全不同 ,是一种在1982年由johnson实验室首先合成的一种可以替代的单糖类抗癫痫药。主要通过阻滞电压激活钠通道 ,在某种GABA受体上增强GABA的活性 ,或者通过阻滞红藻氨酸AMPA型谷氨酸受体起作用 ,其碳酸酐酶的弱抑制作用与某些副作用有关。主要用于顽固性部分性发作的添加治疗 ,部分性发作继发全面性强直 -阵挛发作 (generalizedtonic -clonicseizure ,GTCS)的治疗 ,也可单药治疗。我院自 2 0 0 0年 4月开展了应用托吡酯添加治疗难治性癫痫 ,疗效显著而副作用较少 ,现报道如下。1　资料与方法1.1　一…     

托吡酯添加治疗难治性癫痫的临床观察

目的 观察添加托吡酯对难治性癫痫的临床效果与副作用。方法 对18例难治性癫痫患者，加用TPM后观察其发作频率并与加用前进行比较。计算总有效率，同时进行临床疗效和副作用观察。结果 病人加用托吡酯后总有效率为50%。其中显效率达22.2%(3例未再发作），副反应以胃肠道反应及神经系统症状为主，发生率为52.6%。结论 加用TPM治疗难治性癫痫安全有效。     

托吡酯添加治疗对难治性癫痫的临床观察

目的 观察添加托吡酯（TPM）对难治性癫痫（IE）的临床效果与安全性。方法 观察IE15例,以加用TPM前1个月的发作频率为基准,按规定添加TPM,并与加TPM后稳定期3个月中最后1个月的发作频率进行比较,比观察疗效,同时观察副作用。以测原用抗癫痫药（AED）治疗前后的血浓度,协助观察患者用药的依从性。结果 患者用药依从性好,有效率为42.1％－46.7％。对多型癫痫发作有效。副反应轻至中度,且多为一过性。结论 加用TMP治疗IE是安全有效的选择方法之一。     

Significance of ambulatory electroencephalography for differential diagnosis of epilepsy and syncope★

BACKGROUND： Twenty-four hour ambulatory electroencephatography （AEEG） provides advantages for continuous electroencephalogram, monitoring brief loss of consciousness complicated by suspect or mild limb spasm. OBJECTIVE： To explore the significance of AEEG for differentially diagnosing epilepsy and syncope, compared to EEG. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： Sixty patients with brief loss of consciousness, complicated by suspect or mild limb spasm, were selected from Suqian People＇s Hospital between January 2006 and June 2007. PARTICIPANTS： Sixty participants comprised 34 males and 26 females, aged 13-64 years. According to clinical symptoms prior to the study, 36 patients were initially diagnosed with epilepsy and 24 with syncope. METHODS AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Abnormalities and epileptiform discharge were detected using EEG and AEEG, and the diagnostic value of the two methods for epilepsy and syncope was compared. RESULTS： A total of sixty patients were included in the final analysis. Abnormal AEEGs were observed in 37 cases （62%） and epileptiform discharge AEEGs in 23 cases （38%）, both of which were significantly greater than EEGs [37% （22/60）, 18% （11/60）, respectively, P 〈 0.01, 0.05]. The detection rate of abnormal AEEG and epileptiform discharge in the epilepsy group [75% （27/36）, 47% （17/36）, respectively was significantly greater than in the syncope group [42% （10/24）, 25% （6/24）, respectively, P 〈 0.01, 0.05]. CONCLUSION： AEEG can improve detection probability of epileptiform discharge and exhibits significant differences in the differential diagnosis of epilepsy and syncope.     

Experience with topiramate monotherapy in elderly patients with recent-onset epilepsy

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of topiramate in elderly patients with onset of epilepsy after the age of 60, treatment-naive or non-responding to an initial antiepileptic drug. METHODS:Analysis of patients with epilepsy diagnosed in the preceding 5 years, aged>/=65 years (n=43), enrolled in a larger open-label trial (n=692). After titration to topiramate 100 mg/day over 4 weeks, the dose was adjusted according to individual response (maximum 400 mg/day). Patients were followed up for at least 7 months. RESULTS: After 7 months, 79% of patients remained in the study. Seizure frequency decreased significantly vs baseline (P<0.001); >/=50% reduction in seizure frequency was achieved in 87% of patients, 64% remained seizure-free. Both previously treated and naive patients responded. Fourteen per cent dropped out because of insufficient tolerability. No unexpected or unusual adverse events were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that elderly patients respond well to topiramate monotherapy. The high patient retention rate reflects a favourable tolerability profile in this population.     

Randomized dose-controlled study of topiramate as first-line therapy in epilepsy

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of topiramate as monotherapy, using a dose-controlled study design. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a multinational, randomized, double-blind trial in adults and children (> or =6 years old) with epilepsy that was not being treated when randomized to 400 or 50 mg/day topiramate as target maintenance dosages. In addition to > or =2 lifetime unprovoked seizures, patients had to have one or two partial-onset seizures or generalized-onset tonic-clonic seizures in the 3-month retrospective baseline. The primary efficacy end point was time to first seizure; a secondary efficacy measure was the seizure-free rate at 6 months and 1 year. Double-blind treatment continued until 6 months after the last patient was randomized. RESULTS: Kaplan-Meier survival analyses for time to first seizure (intent-to-treat, n = 470) favored 400 mg/day over 50 mg/day (P = 0.0002) as a target maintenance dosage. The first evaluation point with a significant difference (P = 0.046) favoring the higher dose was at day 14 when patients were receiving 100 or 25 mg/day. The probability of being seizure-free at 6 months was 83% in patients randomized to 400 mg/day and 71% in those randomized to 50 mg/day (P = 0.005). Seizure-free rates at 12 months were 76% and 59%, respectively (P = 0.001). Differences favoring the higher dose were significant in patients with partial-onset seizures (P = 0.009) and in those with generalized-onset tonic-clonic seizures (P = 0.005). The most common dose-related adverse events were paresthesia, weight loss, and decreased appetite. Discontinuations due to cognitive-related adverse events were 2% in the 50-mg group and 7% in the 400-mg group. Overall, 7% and 19%, respectively, discontinued with adverse events during the median treatment duration of 9 months. CONCLUSION: Topiramate is effective as monotherapy in adults and children. Because a therapeutic effect emerges during titration, clinicians should adjust dosages in step-wise fashion with intermediate stopping points, e.g., 100 mg/day, to evaluate patient response and achieve the optimal maintenance dosage.     

动态脑电图对癫痫诊断和鉴别诊断的探讨

目的：了解动态脑电图对癫痫诊断和鉴别诊断的意义。方法：用MB8000型8导激光动态脑电图记录仪对145例诊断为癫痫,可疑癫痫病人进行24h动态脑电图检查。结果：总异常率为524％,癫痫组异常62．4％,癫痫样放电出现率58．1％。可疑癫痫组异常34．6％,痫样放电出现率25.0%,两级之间有非常显著性差异（P＜0.001）。癫痫组与可疑癫痫组临床发作中所描记到的痫样放电出现率亦有非常显著性差异（P＜0.001）。痫样放电时间以睡眠期为主,占83、3%。结论：本文着重分析讨论了动态脑电图睡眠期的意义及对伪迹鉴别的体会,24h脑电图对癫痫的诊断和鉴别诊断明显优于常规脑电图,有着重要的临床意义。     

睡眠性癫癎患者动态脑电图的研究

目的探讨睡眠性癫疒间患者的24h动态脑电图(AEEG)的表现及其诊断价值。方法对91例仅于睡眠中发作癫疒间的患者进行AEEG检查,并对检查结果进行分析。结果AEEG发现疒间性放电71例(78.0%),其中4例出现于清醒状态,41例出现于睡眠状态,26例清醒和睡眠时均有放电;在67例睡眠时有疒间性放电的患者中,34例仅出现在浅睡期,33例整个睡眠中均出现疒间性放电。清醒时有癫疒间波的患者癫疒间发作频率明显高于无异常放电患者和仅睡眠时有疒间性放电的患者(均P<0.05)。结论睡眠中癫疒间发作患者于睡眠中疒间性放电出现率明显高于白天清醒时。AEEG容易发现睡眠性癫疒间患者的发作期和发作间歇期以及自然睡眠状态下的疒间样波。     

托吡酯治疗46例儿童癫痫的开放性研究

目的:探讨托吡酯(商品名:妥泰)单药和添加治疗儿童各型癫痫的临床疗效及不良反应。方法:总结我院1999年6月～2001年10月确诊癫痫患儿46例,其中部分性发作及部分继发全身性发作31例,全身强直一阵挛性发作3例,失神发作5例,Lennox-Gastaut综合征5例,Weast综合征2例,对已应用传统抗癫痫药物控制不理想的病例添加妥泰,而对新诊断病例应用单药治疗,均进行自身对照的开放性研究。结果:①妥泰治疗46例总有效率为84.8％,发作减少≥50％占2例(4.3％),发作减少≥75％占13例(28.2％),发作完全控制24例(52.1％)。②7例无效病例中5例失访,1例不良反应重退出,1例治疗恶化退出。③单药治疗37例,有效34例,总有效率91.9％,添加治疗9例,有效5例,总有效率55.5％,两者疗效比较,有显著性差异(P<0.05)。④不良反应:纳差、恶心22例(47.8％),反应差、记忆力下降15例(32.6％),嗜睡11例(23.9％),头晕、步态不稳4例(8.7％),体重下降4例(8.7％),多尿2例(4.4％),皮疹1例(2.2％)。结论:妥泰作为一种安全有效的新型抗癫痫药物,对于儿童各型癫痫发作均有明显疗效,且妥泰单药优于添加治疗,同时不良反应轻,可作为儿童癫痫的首选用药。     

额叶癫痫脑电模式分析

目的 探讨额叶癫痫的脑电模式特点.方法 回顾性分析2016年1月至2018年4月手术治疗的额叶有确切结构病灶或立体定向脑电图(SEEG)证实额叶起源的51例癫痫的临床资料,51例均行头皮视频脑电图(VEEG)监测,21例行SEEG监测.结果 ①VEEG表现:背景正常29例(56.86％),异常22例(43.14％);间...     

托吡酯与传统抗癫痫药对新诊断癫痫患者认知影响的比较性研究

目的:比较托毗酯(TPM)与传统抗癫痫药(AEDs)对新诊断癫痫患者的认知功能影响。方法:采用随机对照及自身前后对照研究,分别给予新诊断癫痫患者TPM或传统AEDs(卡马西平、丙戊酸)单药治疗,于用药前及用药后6月运用韦氏成人智力量表(WAIS-CR)或韦氏儿童智力量表(WSIC—CR)、Stroop颜词干扰、倒背数(100-1)、1分钟名称数测试认知功能。结果:用药前神经心理学指标无统计学差异,用药后TPM组与传统AEDs组相比:总智商、数字广度得分下降(P值<0．01),言语智商、词汇得分下降(P值<0．05);TPM组用药前后相比总智商、言语智商、数字广度得分下降(P值<0．01)、词汇得分下降(P值<0．05)。Stroop读字时间延长(P值<0．01)、倒背数时间延长:(P值<0．05)。结论:小-中剂量托吡酯可造成患者较轻认知功能损害,主要表现在反应延迟,注意力涣散,语言理解力、流利性下降。     

A pooled analysis of adjunctive topiramate in refractory partial epilepsy

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the impact of different dosages of topiramate (TPM) add-on to stable antiepileptic therapy for refractory partial epilepsy in adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Pooled intention-to-treat analysis of six similarly designed double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, including 481 patients treated with doses of TPM 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg/day, and 265 patients receiving placebo. RESULTS: Seizures were reduced by >/=50% from baseline in 41% of TPM-treated patients and 15% of placebo-treated patients (P < 0.001); 5 and 0.8%, respectively, were seizure-free (P < 0.003). TPM was significantly better than placebo regardless of gender, age, baseline seizure rate as well as number and type of concomitant antiepileptic drugs. Efficacy was statistically significant in favour of TPM at all dose levels: at least 50% seizure reduction was achieved in 40% of patients with 200 mg, 41% with 400 mg, 44% with 600 mg and 41% with 800 mg TPM when compared with 15% with placebo (P 相似文献   

Comparative cognitive effects of levetiracetam and topiramate in intractable epilepsy

Aim: Anti‐epileptic drugs (AED) may cause cognitive impairment. Because intractable epilepsy (IE) represents a distinct group, the purpose of the present study was to study the comparative cognitive effects of the two efficacious AED, levetiracetam (LEV) and topiramate (TPM), on IE. Methods: This was a non‐randomized, blinded cognitive assessment and parallel design. The cognitive effects of LEV and TPM on 79 demographically comparable patients with IE were assessed at baseline (T1) and after 1 year of treatment (T2) using the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument. Results: Forty patients took TPM and 39 took LEV. At T1, seizure frequency, number of AED, and epilepsy duration were not significantly different. There were no significant differences in cognition between the two groups at T1 or T2. T2 orientation scores were lower than T1 scores in the TPM group (P < 0.05). In the TPM subgroup with T1 cognitive abnormalities, T2 scores for recent memory improved (P < 0.05). Conclusion: For patients with IE, LEV might preserve cognition, TPM's effects for patients with baseline cognitive abnormalities are worth observation.