常温下兔肢体火器伤后器官功能变化的研究

目的探讨常温下兔肢体火器伤后器官功能变化的特点。方法常温下制备兔肢体火器伤动物模型,分别于致伤前及致伤后4、8、16、24、48、72h测定血清中肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)、谷氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、磷酸肌酸激酶(CK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的含量。结果常温环境下兔肢体火器伤后与致伤前比较,伤后4h血清中Cr、BUN、ALT、AST、CK、LDH等酶学指标均开始发生显著变化。其中血清中Cr在伤后4、8、16、24、48、72h各时间点均显著升高,伤后8h达到高峰;血清BUN伤后8h显著升高,24h后开始显著下降。血清中ALT、AST、CK、LDH在伤后4、8、16、24、48、72h各时间点均显著升高,伤后16h达到高峰。结论常温环境下兔肢体火器伤后,心、肝、肾等重要器官功能的损害具有发生早、损害严重持续的特点。     

Role of ethanolic extract of Morus alba leaves on some biochemical and hematological alterations in irradiated male rats

Purpose: The present study aimed to evaluate the protective role of “Morus alba Linn (Family: Moraceae) commonly known as mulberry” leaves extract against hazardous effects of gamma rays in male rats.

Materials and methods: Thirty six male albino rats were divided into six groups (six rats/group); (1) control group received 1?ml distilled water, (2) low dose of extract (100?mg/kg) group treated daily with low oral dose of ethanolic extract of mulberry leaves (100?mg/kg body weight (b.wt.)) for 21 consecutive days, (3) high dose of extract (200?mg/kg) group treated daily with high oral dose of ethanolic extract of mulberry leaves (200?mg/kg b.wt.) for the same period, (4) irradiated group rats were subjected to whole body gamma irradiation at a shot dose of 7?Gy, (5) low dose of extract?+?irradiated group treated daily with low oral dose of ethanolic extract of mulberry leaves (100?mg/kg b.wt.) for 21 consecutive days then rats were exposed to gamma irradiation at a single dose of 7?Gy, (6) high dose of extract?+?irradiation group treated daily with high oral dose of ethanolic extract of mulberry leaves (200?mg/kg b.wt.) for 21 consecutive days then rats were exposed to gamma irradiation at a single dose of 7?Gy. Rats were sacrificed 1, 7, 15 days post gamma irradiation in all groups. Blood samples were taken at three intervals time in the six groups.

Results: The results showed that whole body irradiation of rats induced significant decrease (p?p?Conclusions: Mulberry leaves extract prior to exposure to gamma irradiation has radio protector against hazardous effect of irradiation in male rats.     

茶多酚对硝酸羟胺染毒小鼠血常规和血浆生化值及肝、肺脏病理学的影响

目的 观察绿茶提取物茶多酚对硝酸羟胺染毒小鼠血常规、血浆生化值及病理形态学的影响. 方法 采用腹腔注射硝酸羟胺建立中毒模型.雄性ICR小鼠30只,随机分为正常组、硝酸羟胺染毒组、茶多酚治疗组,染毒前和染毒后1 d、3 d、5 d和7 d常规测量各组外周血细胞计数和血红蛋白值.染毒后第7天,动物再次称重后活杀,进行血浆生化指标和肝、肺病理学检查. 结果 经过统计学分析,茶多酚可明显减轻硝酸羟胺中毒导致的小鼠白细胞（WBC）、红细胞（RBC）、血小板（PLT）计数的改变,及谷草转氨酶/谷丙转氨酶（AST/ALT）、胆碱酯酶（CHE）、白蛋白（ALB）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、尿酸（UA）、铁（Fe）的改变.肝、肺病理性改变以硝酸羟胺染毒组组织损伤最重,茶多酚治疗组改变较轻. 结论 茶多酚灌胃给药对硝酸羟胺中毒引起的氧化损伤具有一定的保护作用,主要病理形态学改变均较轻.     

低温环境下兔火器伤复合放射性损伤后器官功能早期变化的研究

目的探讨低温环境下兔火器伤复合放射性损伤(下称放火器复合伤)后早期器官功能变化的特点。方法制备常温环境下兔肢体火器伤和低温环境下兔放火器复合伤动物模型,分别于致伤前及致伤后4、8、16、24、48、72h测定血清中肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、磷酸肌酸激酶(CK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的含量。结果与致伤前比较,兔低温环境下放火器复合伤后4h血清生化指标即开始显著变化。其中血清Cr伤后4、16h分别达到两个高峰。血清BUN伤后16h显著升高,ALT伤后48h达到高峰,AST伤后4、48h分别达到两个高峰,血清CK和LDH含量伤后4h为最高峰。与常温下单纯兔肢体火器伤比较,兔低温环境下放火器复合伤后4、8h血清生化指标均显著增高。伤后16h血清中Cr、BUN、AST,伤后48hBUN、AST、CK、LDH,伤后72hCr、BUN、CK、LDH也显著增高。结论低温环境下兔放火器复合伤伤后,心、肝、肾等重要器官功能的损害发生早、损害严重,与常温环境下兔肢体火器伤比较差异显著。     

Optimum parameters of TLD100 powder used for radiotherapy beams calibration check.

External audit of the absorbed dose determination from radiotherapy machines is performed using Lithium fluoride (LiF) TLD-100. Optimal parameters needed to obtain highly accurate dosage from LiF powder was investigated, including the setup of the Harshaw 4000 reader. A linear correspondence between the thermoluminescent signal and the mass of the powder was observed, demonstrating that the dose can be evaluated with small samples of powder. The reproducibility of the thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD) readings obtained with up to 10 samples from 1 capsule containing 160 mg of powder was around 1.5% (1 standard deviation [SD]). The time required for the manual evaluation of TLDs can be improved by 3 readings without loss of accuracy. Better reproducibility is achieved if the capsules are evaluated 7 days after irradiation using a nitrogen flow of 300 cc/min.     

Chromosome aberrations induced in human lymphocytes by U-235 fission neutrons. Part II: Evaluation of the effect of the induced Na-24 activity on the chromosomal aberration yield.

Blood samples were spiked with Na-24 to study the separate effect of this nuclide on the incidence of chromosomal aberrations in neutron irradiated blood samples. A delay of 96 h was allowed before cultivation, so the results of chromosomal aberration analysis could be compared with the results obtained by direct irradiation of blood samples with U-235 fission neutrons [7]. The absorbed dose was calculated using a simple conservative model. From the results obtained we can conclude that Na-24 alone was not the reason for the difference in the incidence of chromosomal aberrations between blood samples cultivated immediately after "in vitro" irradiation by U-235 fission neutrons and samples which were cultivated after 96 h storage.     

Evolution des taux plasmatiques des LDH (lacticodeshydrogénase), CPK (créatine phosphokinase) et de la myoglobine à l'issue d'une course de 100 km et d'un triathlon

The elevation of plasma levels of lactate dehydrogense (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and myoglobin under the effect of prolonged physical exercise is considered as a biochemical index of muscle cell destruction. These biochemical parameters were used to evaluate the comparative effects of a 100 km race and a triathlon of the same duration upon muscle function. Venous blood samples were drawn from 8 long distance runners (the 100 km race at Belvès) and 8 participants in the Nice triathlon (swim 3 km, cycle 120 km, run 32 km) before the events, at the end and 4 days after. Leg muscle function was evaluated, using an isokinetic dynamometer CYBEX II before both events and 4 days later.The results show significant increases in these three parameters at the end of the competitive events. The plasma levels observed were higher at the end of the 100 km run (CPK: 700 ± 200 VS 180 ± 90; LDH: 411 ± 30 VS 200 ± 5; myoglobin 1100 ± 100 VS 730 + 400). The measurements made 4 days after these sporting events with the CYBEX revealed no change in the maximal effort of leg extensors and flexors. However, a slight reduction in the duration of exertion at this maximal level was noted. Foru days after these events, the CPK levels remained above the resting level for both groups studied, whereas the myoglobin values returned to basal levels in the triathletes, and the LDH values were the same as those observed at rest for both populations. These findings suggest that for a physical exertion lasting between 9 h 8 min and 8 h 20 min, the 100 km race causes more muscular lesions than the triathlon. The reduced time of exertion at maximal effort during the recovery period noted for both groups is an index representing a perturbation of the muscle function capacity, in spite of the normalization of the two biochemical parameters, LDH and myoglobin. The persistence of the slightly elevated CPK values suggests that this parameter is a better index of muscular lesions during the recovery phase.     

Radiation-induced acute intestinal inflammation differs following total-body versus abdominopelvic irradiation in the ferret

PURPOSE: The studies were designed to investigate the differences in the intestinal inflammatory response following abdominopelvic or total-body irradiation in a ferret model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ferrets were exposed either to total-body or to abdominopelvic gamma-radiation (5 Gy) and various parameters of inflammation studied in the jejunum, ileum and colon 2 and 7 days later. RESULTS: Abdominopelvic and, to a greater extent, total-body irradiation caused weight loss by 7 days. White blood cell counts were reduced in both groups, but more so following total-body irradiation. Myeloperoxidase activity was significantly increased in the ileum 2 days after abdominopelvic irradiation, but it was reduced after total-body irradiation. Total-body irradiation increased tissue prostaglandin E2 levels in all regions at 2 days and decreased jejunal leukotriene B4 levels in the jejunum at both time points. Ileal prostaglandin E2 levels were increased 2 days after abdominopelvic irradiation. Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase was not altered by either irradiation protocol. CONCLUSIONS: The data show that there are regional differences in the intestinal response to irradiation, depending on whether it was delivered to the whole body or locally to the abdominopelvic region. In particular, the ileum exhibited an acute increase in myeloperoxidase activity following abdominopelvic but not total-body irradiation.     

Adaptive response in patients treated with 131I.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether an adaptive response (defined as the induction of radiation tolerance after a small dose of radiation) could be observed in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients treated with 1311 for thyroid disease. METHODS: For each patient, blood samples were taken immediately before and 1 wk after 131I administration. Each blood sample was divided into 3 fractions and the fractions were subsequently irradiated in vitro with 0, 0.5, and 1.0 Gy 60Co gamma-rays. After blood culture for 70 h, cells were harvested and stained with Romanowsky-Giemsa and micronuclei were counted in 1000 binucleated cells. The increase in micronuclei by the in vitro irradiation of the blood samples taken before and after therapy was compared. In this setup, an adaptive response is represented by a significant decrease of the in vitro induced micronucleus yield after therapy compared with that before therapy. The iodine therapy can be considered as an in vivo adaptation dose, after which the subsequent in vitro irradiation acts as a challenge dose. To investigate the reproducibility of the method, 2 subsequent blood samples of healthy volunteers were taken 7 d apart. Irradiation and cell culture were performed as described. RESULTS: In 8 of 20 patients, a significant (P = 0.0002) decrease was found in the in vitro induced micronucleus yield in the blood sample taken 1 wk after 1311 administration compared with that of the blood sample taken before therapy. No significant (P > 0.1) differences were observed between these 8 patients and the other patients when the number of micronuclei induced in vivo by the iodine treatment and the resulting equivalent total body dose were compared. None of the control subjects showed a significant change in micronucleus yield after in vitro irradiation between both blood samples taken 1 wk apart. CONCLUSION: The iodine treatment can act as an in vivo adaptation dose and can induce an adaptive response that is observed by a decrease of the cytogenetic damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes after in vitro irradiation as a challenge dose. A large interindividual difference was observed.     

火器-冻复合伤后早期血液心肌酶组合变化研究

目的：观察火器-冻复合伤后早期血液心肌酶组合变化。方法：将30只日本大耳白兔随机分为：A组火器-冻,B组冻-火器,C组火器,D组冻伤,E组对照。构建各组模型后75 min采血测CK、CK-MB、LDH、AST、ALT、α-HBDH。结果：与E组相比,A、B组的CK、CK-MB、LDH、AST、ALT、α-HBDH显著升高,C组的CK、CK-MB、LDH、AST、α-HBDH显著升高,D组无显著性差异。A组与B组,A、B组分别与C、D组相比：CK、CK-MB、LDH、AST、ALT、α-HBDH显著升高。C组与D组相比：CK、CK-MB、LDH、AST、α-HBDH显著升高。结论：与单一伤相比,兔火器-冻复合伤后早期血清心肌酶明显升高,组织损伤更严重。     

Radiation-induced acute intestinal inflammation differs following total-body versus abdominopelvic irradiation in the ferret

Purpose : The studies were designed to investigate the differences in the intestinal inflammatory response following abdominopelvic or total-body irradiation in a ferret model. Materials and methods : Ferrets were exposed either to total-body or to abdominopelvic γ-radiation (5 Gy) and various parameters of inflammation studied in the jejunum, ileum and colon 2 and 7 days later. Results : Abdominopelvic and, to a greater extent, total-body irradiation caused weight loss by 7 days. White blood cell counts were reduced in both groups, but more so following total-body irradiation. Myeloperoxidase activity was significantly increased in the ileum 2 days after abdominopelvic irradiation, but it was reduced after total-body irradiation. Total-body irradiation increased tissue prostaglandin E 2 levels in all regions at 2 days and decreased jejunal leukotriene B 4 levels in the jejunum at both time points. Ileal prostaglandin E 2 levels were increased 2 days after abdominopelvic irradiation. Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase was not altered by either irradiation protocol. Conclusions : The data show that there are regional differences in the intestinal response to irradiation, depending on whether it was delivered to the whole body or locally to the abdominopelvic region. In particular, the ileum exhibited an acute increase in myeloperoxidase activity following abdominopelvic but not total-body irradiation.     

整体和离体照射致大鼠淋巴细胞T细胞受体基因突变的一致性研究

目的 探讨整体和离体照射所致的大鼠淋巴细胞T细胞受体(TCR)基因突变的一致性。方法 48只雌性大鼠随机分为6组,每组8只,分别取外周静脉血标本,经0、0.5、0.75、1.0、2.0和3.0 Gy照射。用相同方法照射各组大鼠,照后取外周血标本。所有淋巴细胞体外培养7 d后,用单克隆抗体直接免疫荧光标记流式细胞术检测TCR突变频率(TCRMF)。 结果 整体和离体照射组TCR基因突变频率均呈剂量依赖性增高,两组间TCRMF比较,差异无统计学意义(t=-1.1～0.3,P＞0.05)。 结论 整体和离体照射所致的大鼠淋巴细胞TCR基因突变频率一致,即外周血淋巴细胞经X射线照射体外培养后,流式细胞术检测,可客观准确的反映全身照射的情况。     

冷环境和缺氧条件下大鼠血清生化指标的改变

目的研究冷环境中高空缺氧对动物肝、心、肾功能的影响。方法４８只健康成熟Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠分别在１０℃和２０℃条件下,模拟升空至３ｋｍ或５ｋｍ高度。观察大鼠血清乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）、谷草转氨酶（ＡＳＴ）、谷丙转氨酶（ＡＬＴ）和磷酸肌酸激酶（ＣＫ）的活性及血清肌酐（Ｃｒ）和尿素氮（ＢＵＮ）含量的改变。结果相同环境温度条件下,在５ｋｍ高度,血清ＬＤＨ、ＡＳＴ和ＣＫ的活性,血清Ｃｒ和ＢＵＮ的含量显著低于地面对照组及３ｋｍ组（Ｐ＜０．０１或Ｐ＜０．０５）;而３ｋｍ大鼠血清ＣＫ活性与对照组比较却显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）;２０℃时上升至３ｋｍ时,血清ＡＬＴ活性显著低于地面对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。２．相同缺氧程度条件下,环境温度为１０℃时血清ＬＤＨ、ＡＬＴ活性和血清Ｃｒ和ＢＵＮ含量显著高于２０℃时（Ｐ＜０．０１）;血清ＣＫ活性非常显著低于２０℃时（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论在１０℃和２０℃环境中,轻中度高空缺氧对动物肝、心和肾脏的功能无明显损害;而在相同缺氧环境中,与２０℃环境温度比较,１０℃时肝、肾功能改变明显但心功能改变较小。缺氧和低温复合环境因素暴露对心肌的作用并不是单一因素暴露的简单迭加。     

部分照射离体血对淋巴细胞染色体畸变形成的影响

目的 分析⁶⁰Coγ射线部分照射离体血对人外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变形成的影响。方法 用2Gy⁶⁰Coγ射线37℃照射人外周血后以不同比例混合后进行培养、制片和分析染色体畸变。结果 染色体畸变随照射血比例的增加而增加,与单纯照射组相比,混合照射血的染色体畸变率高。1:1比例混合估算出的剂量为1.27Gy,大于1Gy;0.5:1比例混合估算出的剂量为0.93Gy,大于0.5Gy;而在1:0组,照射剂量与估算剂量基本一致。结论 染色体畸变可以作为估算非均匀照射的生物学指标之一。     

A quantitative assessment of changes in the dermal fibroblast population of pig skin after single doses of X-rays

Investigations were carried out into the time- and dose-related changes in the density of fibroblasts in the dermis of irradiated pig skin. The time course of these changes in the density of fibroblast nuclei in the reticular dermis was studied from 6 to 104 weeks after irradiation with a single dose of 15.4 Gy of X-rays. The largest decrease in the number of fibroblasts occurred between 12 weeks and 26 weeks after irradiation; after this time there was only a slight fall in the fibroblast number until 104 weeks when the observations ceased. At 26 weeks and later times after irradiation the reduction in the density of fibroblast nuclei in the reticular dermis was dose-dependent for single doses in the range 8.0-20.7 Gy. The dose-response curve had an initial shoulder, after which the fall in the fibroblast nuclear density was linearly related to dose. Data obtained at other times, between 26 weeks and 104 weeks after irradiation, could be fitted by the same dose-response curve. The fall in the counts of fibroblast nuclei was compared with earlier studies in pig skin. The loss of fibroblasts occurred after an initial reduction in blood flow in the pig skin but was concomitant with the general reduction in dermal thickness.     

内毒素对老龄和D-半乳糖致拟衰老大鼠的肝毒性比较

目的：比较内毒素(脂多糖，LPS)对老龄大鼠和D-半乳糖(D-gal)致拟衰老大鼠的肝毒性。方法：给大鼠腹腔内注射(ip)单一剂量LPS(E．coli,O111B4株)，复制肝损伤。用自动生化仪测定血浆丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和白蛋白(Alb)；光镜观察肝脏病理组织学损伤。结果：LPS 10mg/kg ip后24h，老龄大鼠血浆ALT，AST，LDH和ALP活性的升高幅度(与对照组比，分别平均升高24．7，9．0，13．3和4．2倍)，显著大于D-gal致拟衰老大鼠(与对照组比，分别平均升高5．6，1．6，4．0和0.2倍)；前者肝病理形态学损伤也比后者严重。结论：LPS对两种衰老大鼠的肝毒性存在较大差别，其对老龄大鼠的肝毒性明显大于D-gal致拟衰老大鼠。     

Single dose irradiation response of pig skin: a comparison of brachytherapy using a single, high dose rate iridium-192 stepping source with 200 kV X-rays

An experimental brachytherapy model has been developed to study acute and late normal tissue reactions as a tool to examine the effects of clinically relevant multifractionation schedules. Pig skin was used as a model since its morphology, structure, cell kinetics and radiation-induced responses are similar to human skin. Brachytherapy was performed using a microSelectron high dose rate (HDR) afterloading machine with a single stepping source and a custom-made template. In this study the acute epidermal reactions of erythema and moist desquamation and the late dermal reactions of dusky mauve erythema and necrosis were evaluated after single doses of irradiation over a follow-up period of 16 weeks. The major aims of this work were: (a) to compare the effects of iridium-192 (192Ir) irradiation with effects after X-irradiation; (b) to compare the skin reactions in Yorkshire and Large White pigs; and (c) to standardize the methodology. For 192Ir irradiation with 100% isodose at the skin surface, the 95% isodose was estimated at the basal membrane, while the 80% isodose covered the dermal fat layers. After HDR 192Ir irradiation of Yorkshire pig skin the ED50 values (95% isodose) for moderate/severe erythema and moist desquamation were 24.8 Gy and 31.9 Gy, respectively. The associated mean latent period (+/- SD) was 39 +/- 7 days for both skin reactions. Late skin responses of dusky mauve erythema and dermal necrosis were characterized by ED50 values (80% isodose) of 16.3 Gy and 19.5 Gy, with latent periods of 58 +/- 7 days and 76 +/- 12 days, respectively. After X-irradiation, the incidence of the various skin reactions and their latent periods were similar. Acute and late reactions were well separated in time. The occurrence of skin reactions and the incidence of effects were comparable in Yorkshire and Large White pigs for both X-irradiation and HDR 192Ir brachytherapy. This pig skin model is feasible for future studies on clinically relevant multifractionation schedules in a brachytherapy setting.     

血浆灌流治疗腹部开放伤海水浸泡犬肝功能损伤的研究

目的 探讨血浆灌流对腹部开放伤后海水浸泡实验犬肝功能损伤的治疗作用.方法24只腹部开放伤实验犬分为对照组(海水浸泡1.5 h后打捞出水,单纯观察),普通治疗组(海水浸泡后打捞出水,给予一般的急救及补液处理)和血浆灌流组(经海水浸泡后打捞出水,给予一般的急救补液处理,30 h后给予血浆灌注治疗),每组8只.于致伤前及致伤后定时取血测定总胆红素(TB)、血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、内毒素、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6),同时对肝组织进行病理检查.结果 对照组和普通治疗组血清TB、ALT、AST和LDH明显升高,血浆灌流组灌流后ALT、AST、LDH、TB、内毒素、TNF-α比灌流前明显下降(P<0.05),血细胞、血小板数量与普通治疗组比较明显下降.结论 血浆灌流对外伤后海水浸泡导致的实验犬肝功能损伤的治疗效果良好,此法可应用于该类肝损害的治疗.     

The pig as a model for the study of radiation effects on the lung

PURPOSE: The treatment of thoracic malignancies is frequently limited by the 'tolerance' of normal lung tissue. In order to learn more about the factors that influence lung tolerance an animal model that closely mimics the clinical exposure situation is required. The lungs of pigs are similar to those of man in a variety of ways and the animal's size permits the irradiation of partial tissue volumes comparable with those used clinically; very rarely in man is the whole lung irradiated. In this report, the available data for the effects of irradiation on pig lung are reviewed as they relate to the key issues in radiotherapy. RESULTS: The dose-effect relationships for exposure to single doses indicate that for a significant impairment in both early and late lung function and for the histological detection of fibrosis, the dose-related changes in pig and man are similar. Studies with dose-fractionation using X-rays indicate a large dependence of the iso-effective dose on fraction number and fraction size, and the parameters obtained were not significantly influenced by the time of assessment after irradiation. A simple power-law function fitted the whole data set better than the linear-quadratic model, with a fraction number exponent (N) of 0.44+/-0.06 for treatments given in 1-30 fractions. The alpha/beta values ranged from 0.6 to 4.86 Gy, tending to increase with the length of the follow-up period; however; the majority of these alpha/beta values were not significantly different from zero at the 5% level. Studies of the effect of changes in the volume of lung tissue irradiated indicated the need for care in the use of the terms 'tolerance' and 'iso-effective' dose. Doses that were iso-effective for the severity of regional damage were not matched by those for total lung function. The same level of damage in a small volume compared with a large volume had less effect, i.e. was better tolerated in terms of changes in total lung function. CONCLUSION: Iso-effective doses in pig and humans are lower than those for the more common laboratory animal species. This observation may be related to the differences in anatomical structure of the lungs in the different species.     

Irradiation dose-dependent oxidative changes in red blood cells for transfusion

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the extent of γ-irradiation-induced oxidative protein and lipid damage in long-term (up to 21 days) cold stored (4°C) erythrocytes (RBC) and in plasma from whole blood anticoagulated with acid-citrate-dextrose (ACD-A). Materials and methods: Lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl group (CO) and thiol levels were quantified by the amount of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and with Ellman reagent, respectively. Results: Irradiation (40-50 Gy) enhanced lipid peroxidation in the RBC membrane (at day 1 and after 21 storage days); the increase was storage time-dependent. In pre-irradiated (30-50 Gy) and long-term stored RBC membrane protein CO level was higher vs. non-irradiated. Irradiation resulted in RBC membrane protein thiol level elevation, most likely being a result of conformational changes and/or the polypeptide chain fragmentation. Similar to RBC, irradiation of plasma resulted in the increased TBARS generation. In plasma, significant protein CO elevation (at dose of 50 Gy) and protein thiol reduction (30-50 Gy) was observed. Conclusion: These findings clearly indicate that irradiation at clinically relevant doses enhances the degree of lipid peroxidation and oxidative protein damage in the membranes of stored RBC. The oxidative stress markers may be considered as additional parameters for RBC quality assessment in the blood banks.