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1.

Objective

To test the relationship between child health literacy and body mass index (BMI) Z-score in overweight children.

Methods

Cross-sectional survey of overweight children and parents. Parent and child health literacy was measured by the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy (STOFHLA). Linear regression tested for predictors of childhood BMI Z-score, adjusting for confounders.

Results

Of 171 total children, 107 (62%) participated, of whom 78 (73%) had complete data for analysis. Mean child BMI Z-score (SD) was 2.3 (0.40); median child age (interquartile range) was 11.5 (10–16); 53% were female; 80% were Medicaid recipients. Mean child STOFHLA was 22.9 (9.0); mean parental STOFHLA was 29.1 (8.6). Child STOFHLA correlated negatively with BMI Z-score (r = −0.37, p = 0.0009) and positively with child eating self-efficacy (r = 0.40, p < 0.0001). After adjusting for confounders, child STOFHLA was independently associated with child BMI Z-score (standardized B = −0.43, p < 0.0001). Overall adjusted r-squared for the regression model was 38%. Child STOFHLA contributed 13% to the overall model.

Conclusions

Child health literacy was negatively correlated with BMI Z-scores in overweight children, suggesting the need to consider health literacy in the intersection between self-efficacy and behavior change when planning interventions that aim to improve child BMI.  相似文献   

2.
《Annals of human biology》2013,40(3):286-293
Background: The composition of fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) are now considered to be important indicators of body composition.

Aim: This cross-sectional study determines the body composition using FM and FFM among children.

Subjects and methods: The study was conducted among 1248 children (619 boys; 629 girls) aged 5–12 years and belonging to the Bengalee Muslim population of West Bengal, India. Anthropometric measurements of height, weight, triceps and sub-scapular skin-folds were recorded and body mass index (BMI) calculated. Body composition was assessed using FM and FFM.

Results: The age-specific mean values of FM and FFM ranged from 1.93–3.07 kg (boys) and 1.91–3.62 kg (girls) and from 14.69–23.44 kg (boys) and 14.18–22.87 kg (girls), respectively. Statistically significant sex differences were observed in FM and FFM (p < 0.05). Age- and sex-specific smooth percentile curves were derived for BMI, FM and FFM using the L, M and S modelling approach for further evaluation of body composition.

Conclusion: These findings are important for future investigations in the field and in epidemiological and clinical settings so as to accurately identify risk of lower or higher adiposity and body composition using FM and FFM.  相似文献   

3.
Background: Obesity is a risk factor for many chronic diseases and the prevalence is increasing worldwide. Research suggests that sedentary behaviour (sitting) may be related to obesity.

Aim: To examine the association between sitting time and obesity, while controlling for physical activity, in a large international sample.

Subjects and methods: In total, 5338 adults from the UK, USA, Germany, Spain, Italy, France, Portugal, Austria and Switzerland self-reported their total daily sitting time, physical activity, age, height and weight. BMI (kg/m2), total physical activity (MET-minutes/week) and sitting time (hours/day) were derived. Participants were grouped into quartiles based on their daily sitting time (<4, 4–≤6, 6–≤8 and >8?hours/day) and logistic regression models explored the odds of being obese vs normal weight for each sitting time quartile.

Results: Participants in the highest sitting time quartile (≥8?hours/day) had 62% higher odds of obesity compared to participants in the lowest quartile (<4?hours/day) after adjustment for physical activity and other confounding variables (OR?=?1.62, 95% CI?=?1.24–2.12, p?Conclusion: Sitting time is associated with obesity in adults, independent of physical activity. Future research should clarify this association using objective measures of sitting time and physical activity to further inform health guidelines.  相似文献   

4.
Background:?Data from previous studies provided the mean values of body proportions for each age group of healthy Japanese children, but not the standard curves describing the distribution.

Aim:?The aim of the study was to construct a chart of body proportion of girls and boys in Japan.

Subjects and methods:?About 4% of the nationwide student population in Japan, more than 20?000 children per group of both boys and girls of all ages, was included randomly. The upper/lower ratio (ULR) was calculated from correlation tables containing stature and sitting height data reported in the Statistical Report on School Health and Hygiene. The subischial leg length was calculated by subtracting sitting height from stature.

Results:?The present study showed that Japanese boys (13.5–17.5 years old) were taller and had relatively longer legs than Japanese girls in the same age group, and that the median ULRs of Japanese girls and boys (5.5–17.5 years old) were larger than the average of Caucasian girls and boys reported previously. In boys, the percentile values reached the lowest at 13.5 years, then increased slightly. On the other hand, in girls, the percentile values remained constant after 11.5 years, which is different in boys in the present study and in other Caucasian populations obtained from several studies.

Conclusion:?The new chart provides useful information in the assessment of the body proportions of Japanese children.  相似文献   

5.
Background: It is important to update weight-for-length/height growth curves in China and re-examine their performance in screening malnutrition.

Aim: To develop weight-for-length/height growth curves for Chinese children and adolescents.

Subjects and methods: A total of 94 302 children aged 0–19 years with complete sex, age, weight and length/height data were obtained from two cross-sectional large-scaled national surveys in China. Weight-for-length/height growth curves were constructed using the LMS method before and after average spermarcheal/menarcheal ages, respectively. Screening performance in prevalence estimates of wasting, overweight and obesity was compared between weight-for-height and body mass index (BMI) criteria based on a test population of 21?416 children aged 3–18.

Results: The smoothed weight-for-length percentiles and Z-scores growth curves with length 46–110?cm for both sexes and weight-for-height with height 70–180?cm for boys and 70–170?cm for girls were established. The weight-for-height and BMI-for-age had strong correlation in screening wasting, overweight and obesity in each age–sex group. There was no striking difference in prevalence estimates of wasting, overweight and obesity between two indicators except for obesity prevalence at ages 6–11.

Conclusion: This set of smoothed weight-for-length/height growth curves may be useful in assessing nutritional status from infants to post-pubertal adolescents.  相似文献   

6.
The amount of trihalomethane (as chloroform) absorbed over a three-hour period by a six-year-old boy when using a chlorinated freshwater swimming pool containing 500 μg/liter of trihalomethanes, has been estimated to be 2.82 mg.  相似文献   

7.
Background: Roma people are particularly vulnerable to developing overweight and obesity. Self-perception of body image may influence the prevalence of obesity in this ethnic minority.

Aim: The objectives of this study are to estimate the prevalence of obesity, to analyse body size perceptions and preferences and to assess the relationship between body size perceptions and obesity in the Roma population.

Subjects and methods: The analyses were carried out on 372 men, women and children from the Roma population residing in the Greater Bilbao region (Basque Country, Spain). In adults, a standard figural scale was used to analyse body size perceptions and preferences in this ethnic minority.

Results: Overall 51.7% of adult and 24.4% of minor Roma individuals were obese. Both Roma men and women had inaccurate self-perceptions of their body size. Significant differences on body size perceptions were detected based on age, sex, nutritional status and socioeconomic characteristics.

Conclusion: This Roma population presents one of the highest rates of obesity worldwide. Although a certain awareness of the correct weight status was appreciated, the inability of Roma individuals to see themselves as overweight or obese may be a significant factor on the high prevalence of obesity in this population.  相似文献   


8.
Objective: The study assessed the impact of body mass index (BMI) at birth, infancy, and adulthood, and waist circumference on lung function.

Methods: Using a longitudinal design 1221 Chilean young adults were studied. A standardized respiratory questionnaire was used. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), height, weight and waist circumference were measured. Data at birth and at 1 year were obtained from clinical notes.

Results: Males with a BMI?≥?30 and women with a BMI?<?20 had a lower FEV1 (?230 mL, 95% CI ?363 to ?98; ?106 mL, 95% CI ?211 to ?0.18, respectively). In both sexes those with a BMI 20–25 had the highest FEV1 and FVC. In males there was a negative association between waist circumference and FEV1 and FVC while in women the middle tertile had the highest FEV1 and FVC. There was an association between birthweight and BMI at birth, and FEV1 in men, when unadjusted for other measurements.

Conclusions: BMI and waist circumference in adulthood make a greater impact on lung function in adulthood than anthropometric measurements at birth and infancy. Proxy measures of fatness in adulthood reduce lung function, but the pattern between fatness and lung function by sex may be different.  相似文献   

9.
妊娠前不同体重指数与围产结局的关系研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
目的研究妊娠前不同体重指数对围产结局的影响。方法回顾性分析2005~2007年在我院分娩的单胎妇女238例,按妊娠前体重指数(BMI)分为BMI在19.8~23.9的正常BMI组、BMI 24~27的高BMI组和BMI≥27的肥胖组。新生儿体重≥4000g为巨大儿。比较正常BMI组、高BMI组和肥胖组的围产结局。结果全部资料共有238例,其中正常BMI组182例,高BMI组117例,肥胖组56例,巨大儿的发生率分别为10.4%、19.6%、28.6%,妊娠期高血压病、妊娠期糖尿病、羊水过多的风险随妊娠前BMI增加而上升,早产、剖宫产、新生儿病率的发生率亦随妊娠前BMI增加而升高,差异有显著性。结论妊娠前异常的母亲体重指数高度影响巨大儿的发生率;随妊娠前BMI增加不良围产结局的风险增加。  相似文献   

10.
湖南侗族青少年身高、体重及体表面积研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目的了解湖南侗族青少年学生身高、体重及体表面积的发育情况。方法调查了982例(男486例,女496例)7~17岁的侗族青少年学生的身高、体重,计算出每位学生的体表面积和体重指数,并与全国青少年平均值进行比较。结果侗族青少年学生的身高、体重、体重指数及体表面积随年龄增长而增长,男生11~15岁为快速增长期,女生10~14岁为快速增长期。体重指数在14岁后出现明显的性别差异;9岁开始女生体表面积值超过男生,14岁开始男生体表面积值又超过女生,15岁以后,男女生体表面积之差逐渐加大。结论湖南侗族青少年的身高、体重及其体重指数和体表面积的发育水平均不及全国青少年的平均水平。  相似文献   

11.
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the predictive values of percent body fat (PBF) and body mass index (BMI) for cardiovascular risk factors, especially when PBF and BMI are conflicting. BMI was calculated by the standard formula and PBF was determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis. A total of 3859 ambulatory adult Han Chinese subjects (2173 males and 1686 females, age range: 18-85 years) without a history of cardiovascular diseases were recruited from February to September 2009. Based on BMI and PBF, they were classified into group 1 (normal BMI and PBF, N = 1961), group 2 (normal BMI, but abnormal PBF, N = 381), group 3 (abnormal BMI, but normal PBF, N = 681), and group 4 (abnormal BMI and PBF, N = 836). When age, gender, lifestyle, and family history of obesity were adjusted, PBF, but not BMI, was correlated with blood glucose and lipid levels. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for cardiovascular risk factors in groups 2 and 4 were 1.88 (1.45-2.45) and 2.06 (1.26-3.35) times those in group 1, respectively, but remained unchanged in group 3 (OR = 1.32, 95%CI = 0.92-1.89). Logistic regression models also demonstrated that PBF, rather than BMI, was independently associated with cardiovascular risk factors. In conclusion, PBF, and not BMI, is independently associated with cardiovascular risk factors, indicating that PBF is a better predictor.  相似文献   

12.
背景:超重和肥胖在幼儿中越来越普遍,有研究表明体质量过大会影响幼儿的基本运动能力,但运用生物力学方法进行分析的研究较少,更加缺乏将仿真运用其中分析其运动过程中肌肉用力情况的研究.目的:运用运动生物力学研究方法分析不同体质量的幼儿在纵跳过程中的运动学、动力学以及动作过程中下肢肌肉力值,比较这些数据的差异.方法:在北京某幼...  相似文献   

13.

Objective

To examine whether dietary changes and the consumption of dairy products fortified with calcium and vitamin D3 versus the use of a calcium supplement alone could have any effect on anthropometric and body composition indices of postmenopausal women over a 12-month period.

Methods

101 healthy postmenopausal women were randomized to a dietary intervention group (DG: n = 39), receiving approximately 1200 mg of calcium and 7.5 μg of vitamin D3 per day via fortified dairy products and attending biweekly dietary and lifestyle intervention sessions; a calcium supplemented group (CaG: n = 26) receiving a total of 1200 mg calcium per day; and a control group who continued with their usual diet (CG: n = 36). Dietary, physical activity, anthropometric, body composition and distribution (based on DXA) data were collected at baseline and after 12 months of intervention.

Results

No significant differences were observed in the mean 12-month changes in certain anthropometric (i.e. weight, BMI) and DXA (i.e. total body fat and lean mass) indices between groups. However, the DG was found to have a lower decrease in mid-arm muscle circumference (P < 0.001) and a lower increase in the sum of skinfolds’ thickness (P = 0.042) compared with the CaG and the CG. Furthermore, the DG was also found to have a greater decrease in the percentage of legs’ fat mass (P = 0.025) and a higher increase in the percentage of legs’ lean mass (P = 0.012) compared with the two other groups.

Conclusion

The application of a holistic intervention approach combining nutrition and lifestyle counseling with consumption of fortified dairy products for 12 months was found to have favourable changes in certain anthropometric and body composition indices compared to calcium supplementation alone.  相似文献   

14.

Background

The role of the promoter polymorphism (5HTTLPR) of the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) in psychiatric illnesses has been studied extensively. Serotonergic function also regulates many central nervous system, including appetite and feeding behaviors. The 5HTTLPR short allele was found to be associated with increased body mass index and obesity risk among the general population. No data is available to support generalizability of such association among psychiatric population.

Methods

We examined the relationship between BMI and the 5HTTLPR genotype in a large sample of 1831 psychiatric patients at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, using a retrospective chart review.

Results

Average BMI among groups with the short/short (28.29±7.27 kg/m2), the short/long (28.07±6.45 kg/m2) and the long/long (28.15±7.51 kg/m2) genotypes of 5HTTLPR were not statistically different. This negative association persisted even with the sub-analysis of the Caucasians. However, we observed an increased rate of obesity among our psychiatric patient sample compared to the general population of Minnesota (36.6% versus 27.6%, p=0.0001 for males, 30.3% versus 24.4%, p=0.0001 for females). Also, sub-analysis showed female inpatients to have a significantly higher average BMI than outpatients (28.64±8.08 kg/m2 versus 27.13±6.92 kg/m2, p=0.026). This confirmed a significant association between mental health disorder and BMI.

Limitations

Retrospective study design with limited control for potential confounders.

Conclusions

In this large sample of psychiatric patients we found no significant association between 5HTTLPR genotype and BMI, which is different from the case with general population reported in the literature.  相似文献   

15.
目的探讨孕妇孕前体重指数及孕期体重增加情况对糖耐量异常及新生儿出生体重的影响。方法测量385例足月单胎初产妇孕前身高、体重和孕期体重增加情况,计算孕前体重指教,并随访糖耐量异常、巨大儿和低体重儿的发生情况。结果(1)孕前肥胖的孕妇糖耐量异常的发生率高于孕前消瘦和理想体重的孕妇(P〈0.05),而后两组间无差别(P〉0.05)。发生巨大儿和低体重儿的几率3组比较差异无显著性。(2)无论孕前体重指数如何,当孕期体重增加≥18kg时糖耐量异常和巨大儿的发生率明显增高(P〈0.01),而当孕期体重增加〈9kg时低体重儿的发生率明显增高(P〈0.01)。结论孕前体重指数和孕期增重是孕期发生糖耐量异常的重要影响因素,新生儿出生体重与孕妇孕期体重增加情况密切相关。  相似文献   

16.

Background

Body mass index (BMI) has not been shown to correlate with Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We investigated the relationship between weight, BMI, limb morphology, and Oxford Knee Score (OKS). Furthermore, the utility of a novel radiological measurement, the Knee Mass Index (KMI), was investigated.

Methods

Data including weight, BMI, gender, preoperative and 12?month OKS were collected from an arthroplasty database that contained 268 patients who underwent TKA. Measurements of soft tissue and bone width were made from the preoperative radiograph and ‘KMI’ was calculated. Pearson correlation and multivariate regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between OKS and the above variables.

Results

The novel measurement, KMI, was not a predictor of the OKS. The BMI was predictive of initial OKS (Odds Ratio (OR) ? 0.26 p?<?0.001), 12?month OKS (OR ? 0.39 p?<?0.001) and change in OKS (OR ? 0.39 p?<?0.001). The initial OKS was predictive of 12?month OKS (OR 0.32 p?<?0.001) and change in OKS (OR ? 0.68 p?<?0.001).

Conclusions

The novel KMI metric was not useful in predicting function. Both the post-operative OKS and change in OKS are predicted by BMI and pre-operative OKS. This is one of the first studies to show a relationship between BMI and OKS.  相似文献   

17.
Background: Although the body mass index (BMI, kg?m?2) is widely used as a measure of adiposity, it is a measure of excess weight, rather than excess body fat. It has been suggested that skinfold thicknesses be measured among overweight children to confirm the presence of excess adiposity.

Objective: The present study examined the additional information provided by skinfold thicknesses on body fatness, beyond that conveyed by BMI-for-age, among healthy 5- to 18-years old (n?=?1196).

Methods and procedures: Total body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) provided estimates of % body fat, and the sum of two skinfolds (triceps and subscapular) was used as an indicator of the overall skinfold thickness.

Results: As assessed by the multiple R2s and the residuals of various regression models, information on the skinfold sum significantly (?p?<?0.001) improved the prediction of body fatness beyond that obtained with BMI-for-age. For example, the use of the skinfold sum, in addition to BMI-for-age, increased the multiple R2s for predicting % body fat from 0.81 to 0.90 (boys), and from 0.82 to 0.89 (girls). The use of the skinfold sum also reduced the overall prediction errors (absolute value of the residuals) for % body fat by 20–30%, but these reductions varied substantially by BMI-for-age. Among overweight children, defined by a BMI-for-age ≥95th percentile, the skinfold sum reduced the predication errors for % body fat by only 7–9%.

Conclusions: Although skinfold thicknesses, when used in addition to BMI-for-age, can substantially improve the estimation of body fatness, the improvement among overweight children is small.  相似文献   

18.
Background: Body composition prediction equations using skinfolds are useful alternatives to advanced techniques, but their utility across diverse paediatric populations is unknown.

Aim: To evaluate published and new prediction equations across diverse samples of children with health conditions affecting growth and body composition.

Subjects and methods: Anthropometric and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) body composition measures were obtained in children with Down syndrome (n?=?59), Crohn disease (n?=?128), steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (n?=?67) and a healthy reference group (n?=?835). Published body composition equations were evaluated. New equations were developed for ages 3–21 years using the healthy reference sample and validated in other groups and national survey data.

Results: Fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM) and percentage body fat (%BF) from published equations were highly correlated with DXA-derived measures (r?=?0.71–0.98), but with poor agreement (mean difference = 2.4?kg, ?1.9?kg and 6.3% for FM, FFM and %BF). New equations produced similar correlations (r?=?0.85–1.0) with improved agreement for the reference group (0.2?kg, 0.4?kg and 0.0% for FM, FFM and %BF, respectively) and in sub-groups.

Conclusions: New body composition prediction equations show excellent agreement with DXA and improve body composition estimation in healthy children and those with selected conditions affecting growth.  相似文献   

19.
目的总结2009年1月至2010年1月我院产检的正常体重指数孕妇妊娠期体重增长的情况,并对其妊娠结局按不同体重增长情况进行分析,得出体重增长与妊娠结局的关系。方法对2009年1月至2010年1月在我院检查及分娩单胎的1382名正常体重指数的孕妇进行分析,按2009年Institute of Medicine(IOM)体重增长指南将孕妇进行分组,分为过少增长、正常增长及过多增长组,并随访妊娠结局。结果 1382名正常体重指数的孕妇体重过少增长、正常增长及过多增长的比率分别为11.43%、37.63%、50.94%。体重增长情况与孕妇受教育程度及社会职务存在相关性,三组妊娠结局进行比较,剖宫产率、妊娠期高血压(PIH)、巨大儿、低体重儿的发生率存在显著性差异,而妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)、产后出血的发生率无显著性差异。结论尽管孕前体重指数正常,仍有超过一半的孕妇体重增长超过标准,且过多或过少的体重增长均会导致不良的妊娠结局,故妊娠期提供正确的体重增长指导对正常孕妇仍很重要。  相似文献   

20.
Background: Besides body mass index (BMI), new parameters have been developed to classify individual body shape.

Aim: To investigate the relationship between BMI, waist circumference (WC), a body shape index (ABSI) and ABSI-adolescents among adolescents and verify which would better predict lower adiponectin/leptin (A/L) ratio and disturbances on glucose metabolism.

Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study with 197 Brazilian adolescents of 14–18?years. Serum leptin, adiponectin, glucose and insulin were measured. A/L ratio, ABSI, ABSI-adolescents, BMI, homeostasis model assessment estimates of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and β-cell function (HOMA-β) and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were calculated.

Results: ABSI-adolescents positively correlated with WC (r?=?0.83, p?r?=?0.66, p?r?=?0.95, p?p?r?=??0.63, p?p?r?=??0.75; HOMA-IR: r?=?0.76; HOMA-β: r?=?0.77; insulin: r?=?0.79). Associations were confirmed by linear regression analysis, adjusted for sex and age.

Conclusions: ABSI-adolescents, but not ABSI, was related to A/L ratio and to markers of glucose metabolism, but not more strongly than BMI and WC.  相似文献   

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