不同乳化剂制备阿司匹林微球工艺的研究

目的以聚乳酸为载体用溶剂挥发法制得阿司匹林聚乳酸微球。方法选择不同的乳化剂,正交设计实验。以微球包埋率、载药量、表面形态、体外释放为指标优化微球的制备工艺。结果与结论按优化条件制得的微球粒径5～22μm,占80%以上。微球包埋率39.5%,载药量7.25%,体外释药50%需70h。     

载羟基喜树碱聚乳酸微球的制备与体外释药研究

目的:研究载羟基喜树碱的聚乳酸微球的制备方法并考察其体外释药性质。方法:以PLA为成膜材料,采用改良乳化-溶剂挥发法,制备载羟基喜树碱的聚乳酸微球并优化制备工艺;对载药微球进行表征;超声介导下进行载药微球的体外释药试验。结果:微球粒径在1～7μm,大小均一;羟基喜树碱浓度在10mg.mL-1下,载药微球包封率为62.2%,载药量为1.69%;药物体外释药符合Higuchi方程。结论:采用乳化-溶剂挥发法,以PLA为成膜材料可制得具有较高包封率的羟基喜树碱微球,有望实现降低羟基喜树碱给药量、减少不良反应,提高靶向性的目标。     

顺铂聚乳酸微球的制备及体外释药

以聚乳酸为载体，用溶剂挥发法制得顺铂聚乳酸微球。选择聚乙二酵浓度、油／水相体积比、聚乳酸浓度、乳化时间、理论载药量5个因素，每个因素选择5个水平，用均匀设计安排实验。并以微球表面形态、粒径大小及分布、载药量、包封率为指标优化微球的制备工艺。按优化条件制得的微球算术平均径为48．62μm，载药量为15．1％，包封率为50．1％，体外释放符合一级动力学方程。     

尼莫地平聚乳酸缓释微球的制备及其药剂学性质

目的制备尼莫地平聚乳酸缓释微球,并对其药剂学性质进行研究.方法采用溶剂蒸发萃取法制备微球,正交实验设计考察影响制备工艺的因素,用扫描电镜观察微球表面形态,红外光谱分析验证舍药微球的形成,对制备的尼莫地平微球的粒径、栽药量、包封率等性质及体外释放特性进行了研究.结果尼莫地平聚乳酸微球的最佳制备工艺稳定,微球形态圆整,粒径分布适宜,药物确已被包裹于微球中.优化工艺制得的微球平均粒径为(61.7±0.46)μm,载药量为(53.2±0.8)%,包封率为(86.2±0.6)%,体外释放符合Higuchi方程,Q=17.708t1/2-0.975 8(r=0.995 4),t1/2=8.29 d.结论本实验获得了较理想的尼莫地平聚乳酸微球,其体外释药特性符合长效制剂特征.     

替莫唑胺聚乳酸-羟基醋酸微球的制备及体外释药

目的:对替莫唑胺聚乳酸-羟基醋酸微球的制备工艺、含量测定及体外释药特性进行初步研究。方法:以人工合成可生物降解聚合物聚乳酸-羟基醋酸为载体,采用乳化-溶剂挥发法制备替莫唑胺聚乳酸-羟基醋酸微球,用紫外分光光度计测定其药物含量和体外释药量。结果:所制备的替莫唑胺聚乳酸-羟基醋酸微球外形圆整,算术平均球径为62.2μm,载药量为7.47%,包封率为83.53%,体外释放可达1个月。结论:替莫唑胺聚乳酸-羟基醋酸微球具有很好的控释能力,使用前景广阔。     

甲睾酮聚乳酸缓释微球的制备

目的：制备甲睾酮聚乳酸缓释微球。方法：用乳化溶剂挥发法制备甲睾酮聚乳酸缓释微球。先设计单因素试验筛选制备微球的处方中的聚乳酸分子量、聚乳酸浓度、投药比（甲睾酮：聚乳酸）;再采用正交试验优化制备微球的温度、转速、聚乳酸浓度、投药比。考察微球表面形态、粒径、载药量、包封率、168h体外累积释药率,并对微球的体外释药模型进行零级、一级、Higuchi、双相动力学方程拟合。结果：优选结果为聚乳酸分子量11万、温度30℃、转速500r·min-1、聚乳酸浓度0.1g·mL-1、投药比1：5。采用最佳工艺条件制备的微球形态圆整,平均粒径为（2.5±0.2）μm,载药量为6.18%～6.62%,包封率为89.9%～91.3%,168h体外累积释药率为（41.8±0.1）%,微球的体外释药符合双相动力学方程（r=0.9945）。结论：甲睾酮聚乳酸缓释微球制备工艺稳定,具有良好的缓释能力。     

吸附和包埋法制备洛美沙星淀粉微球及其体外释放比较研究

目的制备盐酸洛美沙星淀粉微球,并对其体外释药模式进行研究。方法以盐酸洛美沙星为模型药物,采用吸附载药法和包埋载药法制备了载药淀粉微球,通过测定微球载药量、包封率和在不同的释放介质中的体外释放情况,对上述2种方法制备的载药微球进行质量评价。结果吸附法制备的载药微球的平均载药量为14.54μg·mg^-1,药物包封率为39.72%;而包埋载药法制备的淀粉微球的平均载药量为19.32μg·mg^-1,药物包封率为48.95%。体外释药特性研究表明它们具有缓释特性,其中包埋载药法制备的淀粉微球比吸附载药法制备的淀粉微球有更好的缓释能力,在不同的释放介质中释药曲线也有所不同,在模拟胃液中累计释药量只能得到70%;而在模拟肠液中累计释药量能达到80%以上。结论吸附载药法和包埋载药法制备的载药淀粉微球都具有缓释作用,但后者体外释药具有更明显的缓释效果。     

阿霉素聚乳酸微球的制备及体外释药特性研究

目的:对阿霉素聚乳酸微球的制备工艺、含量测定及体外释药特性进行初步研究.方法:以人工合成可生物降解聚合物聚乳酸为载体,采用乳化-溶剂挥发法制备阿霉素聚乳酸微球,用UV-260紫外分光光度计测定其药物含量和体外释药量.结果:所制备的阿霉素聚乳酸微球外形圆整,算术平均球径为55.2 μm,载药量为30.21 μg*mg-1,12 h体外累积释药量36%.结论:聚乳酸微球具有很好的控释能力,使用前景广阔.     

吸附和包埋法制备洛美沙星淀粉微球及其体外释放比较研究

目的 制备盐酸洛美沙星淀粉微球,并对其体外释药模式进行研究。方法 以盐酸洛美沙星为模型药物,采用吸附载药法和包埋载药法制备了载药淀粉微球,通过测定微球载药量、包封率和在不同的释放介质中的体外释放情况,对上述2种方法制备的载药微球进行质量评价。结果 吸附法制备的载药微球的平均载药量为14.54 µg·mg^-1,药物包封率为39.72%;而包埋载药法制备的淀粉微球的平均载药量为19.32 µg·mg^-1,药物包封率为48.95%。体外释药特性研究表明它们具有缓释特性,其中包埋载药法制备的淀粉微球比吸附载药法制备的淀粉微球有更好的缓释能力,在不同的释放介质中释药曲线也有所不同,在模拟胃液中累计释药量只能得到70%;而在模拟肠液中累计释药量能达到80%以上。结论 吸附载药法和包埋载药法制备的载药淀粉微球都具有缓释作用,但后者体外释药具有更明显的缓释效果。     

替莫唑胺乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物微球的制备及表征

采用乳化-溶剂挥发法制备替莫唑胺微球,考察了制备工艺中影响微球粒径、载药量和包封率的主要因素,筛选处方工艺.按优化工艺制得的微球形态圆整,表面光滑,平均粒径62.2μm,载药量7.5%,包封率83.5%,体外试验表明该载药微球有明显的缓释效果.     

Micromeritics and release behaviours of cellulose acetate butyrate microspheres containing theophylline prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation and emulsion non-solvent addition method

The present research work compares the effect of microsphere preparation technique on micromeritics and release behaviors of theophylline microspheres. Microspheres were prepared by oil-in oil (O₁/O₂) emulsion solvent evaporation method (ESE) using different ratios of anhydrous theophylline to cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB). Cyclohexane was used as non-solvent to modify the ESE technique (MESE method) and the effect of non-solvent volume on properties of microspheres was investigated. The obtained microspheres were analyzed in terms of drug content, particle size and encapsulation efficiency. The morphology of microsphere was studied using scanning electron microscope. The solid state of microspheres, theophylline and CAB were investigated using X-ray, FT-IR and DSC. The drug content of microspheres prepared by MESE method was significantly lower (15.54% ± 0.46) than microspheres prepared by ESE method (41.08 ± 0.40%). The results showed that as the amount of cyclohexane was increased from 2 mL to 6 mL the drug content of microspheres was increased from 15.54% to 28.71%. Higher encapsulation efficiencies were obtained for microspheres prepared by ESE method (95.87%) in comparison with MESE method (64.71%). Mean particle size of microsphere prepared by ESE method was not remarkably affected by drug to polymer ratio, whereas in MSES method when the volume of cyclohexane was increased the mean particle size of microsphere was significantly decreased. The ratio of drug to polymer significantly changed the rate of drug release from microspheres and the highest drug release was obtained for the microsphere with high drug to polymer ratio. The amount of cyclohexane did not significantly change the drug release. Although, x-ray showed a small change in crystallinity of theophylline in microspheres, DSC results proved that theophylline in microspheres is in amorphous state. No major chemical interaction between the drug and polymer was reported during the encapsulation process.     

利福平丝素蛋白载药微球的制备及性能研究

目的通过测定利福平丝素蛋白微球的载药量、包封率及释放度,考察乳化转速、有机溶剂与丝素蛋白溶液比例,对微球的制备方法进行优化,筛选微球的最佳制备方法。方法采用乳化法制备利福平丝素蛋白微球,以不同转速、有机溶剂与丝素蛋白溶液不同比例分别制备利福平丝素蛋白微球,采用扫描电镜观察微球的形态,用紫外分光光度法测定微球的载药量、包封率及释放度,以形态、载药量、包封率及释放度为指标,筛选微球的最佳制备方法。在此基础上,采用最佳处方制备3批利福平丝素蛋白微球,对微球的形态、粒径、包封率、载药量和释放度进行考察。结果有机溶剂与丝素蛋白溶液体积比为4∶1、转速为200 r·min^-1时所得利福平丝素微球形态均匀,近似球形,载药量和包封率较高,所得载药微球有较好的缓释作用。以最佳处方制得微球载药量为66.1%±0.87%,包封率为87.80%±2.23%。结论有机溶剂与丝素蛋白溶液体积比为4∶1、转速为200 r·min^-1时载药量、包封率和释放度较好,故选择此处方为利福平丝素蛋白微球的最佳制备处方。     

甲硝唑生物粘附微球的体外释药及其粘附性

目的研制具有良好粘附性能和缓释效果的甲硝唑生物粘附微球(Metro-EC-CP微球)。方法通过液中干燥法制备Metro-EC-CP微球。对微球理化性质、体外释药及在SD大鼠体内胃粘膜上的粘附性进行了研究。结果 微球的平均粒径为559.87 μm。体外释药符合一级动力学。微球的释药速率随着粒径的增加及载药量的减少而减慢。Metro-EC-CP微球中粘附性材料CP含量增加,其生物粘附性能增加,而其缓释效果降低。结论乙基纤维素(EC)-卡波姆934P(CP)为17∶3、载药量为25%的微球在动物体内具有良好的胃粘膜粘附性能,药物缓释达8 h。     

芹菜素壳聚糖微球的制备及体外释药研究

目的以芹菜素为模型药物、脱乙酰壳聚糖为药物载体,制备芹菜素壳聚糖微球,并测定微球中芹菜素的体外释放度。方法采用复乳-乳化化学交联法制备微球,正交试验优化微球制备的工艺,高效液相色谱法检测芹菜素含量。结果最佳工艺制备4批微球,形态良好,微球圆整,平均载药量为8.54%,平均包封率为69.69%,平均粒径为84.33μm。微球在pH 6.8和pH 7.4的磷酸盐缓冲液中释放36 h。结论所选制备工艺稳定,适用于芹菜素壳聚糖微球的制备,体外药物释放结果显示,微球具有良好的缓释效果。     

制备工艺对石杉碱甲微球体外释药机制的影响

目的考察制备工艺对石杉碱甲(Hup)乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA)微球体外释药机制的影响。方法 采用两种O/O型乳化溶剂挥发法工艺(A法和B法)制备Hup微球。考察微球的体外释药曲线，结合微球在释放介质中的降解速度和溶胀速度曲线以及微球的形态和微球中药物的分布情况阐述微球的释药机制。结果采用A法制备的微球包封率为47.60%，体外无明显突释现象，可缓释35 d，符合零级动力学方程，通过扩散和降解两种机制释药。采用B法制备的微球包封率为83.50%，体外可缓释21 d，整体释药曲线符合Higuchi方程，主要以扩散机制释药。结论采用A法制备的微球具有更理想的缓释效果。     

Chitosan microspheres with hydrocortisone and hydrocortisone–hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex

In the present study, an inclusion complex composed of hydrocortisone acetate (HC) and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) was prepared by the spray-drying method. HC alone, HC inclusion complex or HC with HPβCD as a physical mixture were incorporated into chitosan microspheres by spray-drying. The inclusion complex and microspheres were characterized by X-ray powder diffractometry and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Microspheres were studied with respect to particle size distribution, drug content and in vitro drug release. The results indicate that the HCHPβCD inclusion complex is more water soluble than HC alone. The HC release rates from chitosan microspheres were influenced by the drug/polymer ratio in the manner that an increase in the release rate was observed when the drug loading was decreased. However, release data from all samples showed significant improvement of the dissolution rate for HC, with 25–40% of the drug being released in the first hour compared with about 5% for pure HC. The complexation method and microsphere preparation method (spray-drying) is simple with great potential for industrial production.     

Preparation, characterization and performance evaluation of neomycin-HSA microspheres

Human serum albumin microspheres containing neomycin sulphate were prepared using emulsion polymerization and polymer dispersion techniques. The many variables which may affect the shape, size, stability, release of the drug from the microspheres such as internal phase to external phase volume ratio, human serum albumin content, stirring rate, polymer content and stabilizing agent concentration, were studied. Unlike the microspheres prepared by the emulsion polymerization technique, polymer dispersion stabilised microspheres were uniform in size and shape with a narrow range of size distribution. In vitro release of neomycin sulphate from albumin microspheres was studied using the dialysis cell method. The drug release from microspheres followed Q versus (t)-1/2 linear relationship. The in vivo distribution studies on prepared microspheres revealed that the localization takes place preferably in lung tissues, liver, spleen and kidney and is found to be dependent on the microsphere size. On administration of microspheres of 3-6 microns size, approximately 55 per cent of administered drug could be localized in the lungs.     

多柔比星磁性葡聚糖微球的制备及特性检测

目的:制备多柔比星磁性葡聚糖微球并检测其特性。方法:采用吸附法制备多柔比星磁性葡聚糖微球。高倍显微镜观察微球粒径大小及形态,紫外分光光度法检测微球中多柔比星的含量,测定微球磁吸附率,计算求和值 S,确定最佳投料比(药物:载体),绘制药物微球体外释放曲线。结果:制备的多柔比星磁性葡聚糖微球最佳投料比为1:15,磁吸附率为100%。微球外形圆整,分散性好。多柔比星30 min 释放28%;60min 释放45%;6h 释放65%。结论:制备的多柔比星磁性葡聚糖微球缓释性好,磁响应性强,可作为一种治疗顽固性疼痛的靶向神经损毁剂。     

挤出滚圆法制备马来酸曲美布汀胃黏附微球

目的利用适合于工业化生产的方法制备具有较好生物黏附能力和适宜缓释效果的马来酸曲美布汀胃黏附微球。方法通过挤出滚圆法制备马来酸曲美布汀胃黏附微球 ;以动物体内外胃黏膜表面滞留程度 ,考察CP的含量和微球粒径对微球黏附能力的影响 ;以体外释药速率评价热处理 ,CP的含量 ,CP、SA与EC间的比例 ,TM含量 ,微球粒径对微球缓释效果的影响 ;以镇痛效果考察最终处方的药效。结果CP比例增加 ,微球的黏附性增强 ,药物缓释效果降低 ,呈现负相关 ;TM含量增加 ,微球的黏附性降低 ,缓释效果降低 ;微球粒径增大 ,微球的黏附性降低 ,缓释效果增加 ;最佳处方的作用时间延长 ,作用强度增强。结论载药量在 2 0 % (w)以下 ,粒径为 5 0 0～ 90 0 μm,CP含量为 1 3 3 0 % (w)的TM微球在胃黏膜表面具有良好的黏附特性 ,且药物缓释可达 8h。