成人急性髓细胞白血病免疫表型与细胞遗传学的研究分析

目的 对91例初治成人急性髓细胞白血病(acute myeloid leukemia,AML)的免疫表型及其中66例患者的细胞遗传学特征进行分析.方法 采用四色流式细胞术对91例AML患者骨髓进行免疫表型分析,染色体G显带技术对其中的66例进行核型分析.结果 CD33、CD13、MPO、CD117表达最常见,30例M3患者中只有1例表达CD34,均无HLA-DR表达.CD14表达仅见于M4、M5,CD15在M4、M5中最常见.淋系标志中,CD7是最常表达的淋系标志,占24.2％,其次是CD19,CD10表达较少见.CD56在M5患者中阳性率最高,达50.0％,其次为M2、M1、M4.13例t(8;21)异常者10例见于M2患者,2例见于M4患者,1例见于M5患者,26例t (15;17)异常者均见于M3患者.CD7在染色体为t(8;21)的M2中和染色体为t(15;17)的M3中表达明显低于其它染色体正常及异常的AML患者(2.8％vs 68.8％).结论 免疫表型分析结合细胞遗传学可进一步为白血病的诊断分型、个体化治疗、判断预后等各方面提供有价值的依据,两者的相关性提示某些抗原的阳性表达可能与染色体核型的异常改变密切相关.     

累及单核细胞系急性白血病的免疫表型和遗传学研究

目的　探讨急性髓系白血病-M4、M5亚型的细胞遗传学、免疫表型特征。方法　应用染色体G显带、间期荧光原位杂交技术和流式细胞术对30例M4、M5患者进行遗传学分析和免疫表型检测。结果　染色体分析:30例M4、M5中共发现13例伴有11q2 3染色体异常,总发生率为4 3 3% ,其中M5a 1例、M5b 8例、M4b 4例,异常核型有6种:t (11;19) 4例;t(11;17) 2例;t(9;11) 2例;t(10 ;11) 1例;t(6 ;11) 1例;t(11;?) (q2 3;?) 1例;del(11)(q2 3) 2例。I-FISH检测MLL基因异常共13例阳性,其中M5 8例,M4 5例。免疫表型检测各种抗原阳性率依次为HLADR(92 % ) ,CD33(92 % ) ,CD6 4 (85 % ) ,CD11b(80 % ) ,CD15 (79% ) ,CD117(79% ) ,CD13(6 9% ) ,CD34(6 1% ) ,CD5 6 (38 5 % ) ,CD14 (31% ) ,CD3(14 % ) ,CD2 (7% ) ,CD7(7% )。结论　11q2 3异常在AML -M5 /M4中发生率高,该组患者高表达早期干祖细胞标志CD34、CD117、HLA -DR ,具有独特的遗传学、免疫学特点。     

一例同时伴有t（7;17;15）和8p-的急性早幼粒细胞白血病的临床研究

目的对一例t（7;17;15）伴8p复杂异常急性早幼粒细胞白血病（APL）病例进行实验诊断和临床观察。方法对该初诊APL患者进行多参数流式细胞术免疫分型、传统细胞遗传学分析,并应用荧光原位杂交（FISH）技术进一步明确染色体异常。结果染色体核型分析结果为46,XY,7q-,8p-,15q＋,der（17）。FISH分析200个细胞中180个为1黄2红2绿信号,提示三元易位。免疫表型检测显示高表达CD13、CD33和MPO,而HLA-DR、CD14、CD34、cCD3、cCD79 a细胞标志阴性。该患者对维甲酸（ATRA）、三氧化二砷（As2O3）治疗敏感。结论 t（7;17;15）伴8p是APL中一种罕见的复杂异常核型,对ATRA、As2O3治疗敏感,完全缓解期长,预后较好。染色体核型分析和FISH技术是确认其复杂异常的可靠手段。     

伴有11号染色体异常的2例急性髓细胞白血病研究

目的 分析涉及11号染色体短臂p15和11号染色体长臂q23的AML患者的遗传学特点,并结合形态学、免疫表型特点,进一步认识伴有11号染色体异常的AML患者特征.方法 以一组系列相关的单克隆抗体射门的三色流式细胞术对2例伴有11号染色体异常的AML患者进行检测,以常规R显带和骨髓穿刺涂片进行形态学分析.结果 2例AML患者形态学诊断均为M5,例1遗传学分析显示为t(4;11)(q21;q23),例2遗传学分析显示为t(5;11)(q31;p15).免疫表型显示例1为CD13 ,CD15 ,CD33 ,CD117 ,CD34 ,CD19 ,HLA-DB 胞质MPO-,例2为CD15 ,CD13 ,CD14 ,CD11B ,CD71 ,HLA-DR ,胞质MPO ,CD19 ,CD34 .结论 t(4;11)(q21;q23)和t(5;11)(q31;p15)易位发生在AML患者中较少,我们研究的2例伴有11号染色体异常的患者都表现为急性髓细胞白血病-M5,免疫表型显示为髓系伴CD19表达.     

急性髓系白血病染色体核型及免疫表型分布及治疗后临床疗效分析

目的 探讨急性髓系白血病染色体改变在急性髓系细胞白血病诊断及预后的意义.方法 对48例急性髓系白血病患者进行染色体核型分析及免疫表型分析,并评估治疗后的临床疗效.结果 异常核型32例(67％),其中M3患者100％检出t(15;17),M2患者中t(8;21)多见,三体8在数目异常中最为常见.45例初诊AML患者中,共13例患者CD96 (28.9％)表达阳性,15例患者CD123 (33.3％)表达阳性,CD96及CD123与染色体异常存在显著相关性(r=0.376,0.498,P＜0.05).参与治疗的41例患者中首次治疗完全缓解率为46％,核型低危组、中危组、高危组首次完全缓解率分别为58％、43％、37％,其中参与治疗的8例t(15;17)M3患者首次完全缓解率为88％.结论 患者免疫表型与染色体核型具有较好相关性,相关检测对于急性髓系白血病的诊断及预后评估具有重要意义.     

35例急性早幼粒白血病细胞形态学细胞遗传学分析

目的了解急性早幼粒白血病（APL）的细胞形态学及细胞遗传学的特征。方法我们对35例以FAB分类标准确诊的APL初发患者的细胞形态学及细胞遗传学资料进行回顾性分析;应用骨髓细胞短期培养法制备染色体标本,以R显带技术进行核型分析。结果 APL患者白血病细胞内均见Auer小体,其中有24例（占68.8%）的患者可见＂柴捆细胞＂（faggot cell）。POX染色呈强阳性反应,M3a型细胞浆中有粗大密集颗粒,M3b型细胞浆内为细小颗粒。在35例患者中有32例（占91.4%）有克隆性染色体异常,31例（占88.6%）的APL具有特异性染色体易位t（15;17）（q22;q21）及PML-RARa融合基因。1例（占2.86%）具有染色体t（11;17）（q23;q21）及PLZF-RARa融合基因。3例（占8.6%）无染色体核型异常。结论 APL白血病具有独特的细胞形态学及细胞遗传学特征。     

一例伴有der（2）t（2：15）（q37；q22）的急性早幼粒细胞白血病的临床及实验研究

目的研究1例der（2）t（2：15）核型异常的急性早幼粒细胞白血病（AFL）的临床和实验特征。方法对1例初发的老年APL患者进行流式细胞术免疫分型、传统细胞遗传学分析,并应用双色荧光原位杂交（FISH）明确染色体异常。结果该患者染色体核型为46xy,der（2）t（2;15）（q37;q22）,der（15）t（15;17）（q22;q10）[9]／47,xy,＋y【1】,FISH检测同一细胞中出现一个PML—RARα融合信号。免疫表型高表达CD13、CD33、MPO。结论der（2）t（2;15）是APL中罕见的核型异常,FISH是确认染色体异常的可靠手段。     

65例急性白血病形态学、免疫学和细胞遗传学分型诊断

对65例急性白血病(AL)进行了形态学、免疫学和细胞遗传学综合分型,其中ALL41例,包括B系ALL21例、T系ALL18例、T/B杂合型2例;ANLL19例中具有粒或单核系免疫表型者11例,8例结合形态学分型与核型分析定为ANLL;另有5例免疫表型及核型等不具有亚型特异性,暂定为急性未定型白血病。检出的特异性染色体异常包括ph、6q~-、12p~-、t(8;21)、t(15;17)、inv(3q)等。形态学检查是AL诊断分型的基本方法,但单纯依靠形态学诊断可能造成分型的偏差;免疫分型有助于ALL的正确诊断与分型,是对ALL形态学诊断的有力补充,而对ANLL的分型目前尚有局限性;核型分析对AL尤其是ANLL的分型诊断有重要意义。     

急性早幼粒细胞白血病染色体易位联合R显带和间期荧光原位杂交技术分析

目的探讨荧光原位杂交(FISH)及常规细胞遗传学染色体核型分析技术对急性早幼粒细胞白血病(APL)患者PML/RARa融合基因检测的灵敏度和特异度及其在临床中应用价值。方法选取51例APL患者,应用常规细胞遗传学染色体核型分析方法及FISH技术检测患者PML/RARa融合基因的表达情况。结果在进行常规染色体核型分析的51例患者中41例(80.4%)为t(15;17)(q22;q21)易位的核型异常,其中38例(74.5%)为单纯t(15;17)(q22;q21)易位的核型异常,3例(5.9%)为伴t(15;17)(q22;q21)易位的复杂核型异常;10例(19.6%)无t(15;17)(q22;q21)易位的核型异常中1例(2.0%)为不伴t(15;17)(q22;q21)易位的复杂核型异常,1例(2.0%)为t(11;17)(q13;q21)易位的核型异常,3例(5.9%)为正常核型,5例(9.8%)未见分裂相。在进行FISH检测的51例患者标本中48例(94.1%)有PML/RARa融合基因异常,同时进行常规染色体核型分析和FISH检测的41例患者同时存在t(15;17)(q22;q21)易位的核型异常和PML/RARa融合基因异常,两者符合率为100%;在15例正常骨髓标本的FISH检测中15例标本结果均未发现有PML/RARa融合基因,提示FISH检测技术具有较高的敏感度和特异性。结论对于初发的APL患者,常规染色体核型分析和间期荧光杂交技术结合分析APL患者细胞遗传学特征是诊断该病的有力工具,FISH技术操作更为简单,省时直观。     

169例急性非淋巴细胞白血病形态学和细胞遗传学分型

目的对急性非淋巴细胞白血病的形态学和细胞遗传学分型进行综合分析、比较。方法对169例初次诊断为急性非淋巴细胞白血病的患者抽骨髓进行形态学检查,常规染色分类,同时进行细胞化学染色,包括过氧化物酶、糖原染色、A-醋酸奈酚酯酶及氟化钠抑制等试验。按FAB标准对急性非淋巴细胞白血病进行分型。骨髓染色体检查,采用24小时培养法或直接培养法。常规低渗,固定,行G或R显带,进行染色体分析。每例分析10～30个中期分裂相。异常克隆根据人类染色体国际命名体制(ISSN,1985年)的标准命名核型。结果在169例患者中,69.2%的患者有染色体异常改变,其中结构异常占35.5%,数目异常占33.7%,M2、M3、M5、M4畸变比率较高,分别为27.8%、24.3%、7.1%、3.6%,占染色体畸变总数的90.8%,M1、M6次之,M0、M7较少有染色体畸变。染色体结构异常以t(8;21)、t(15;17)、inv(16)畸变最多。t(8;21)在M2畸变核型中检出率为92.0%,t(15;17)在M3畸变核型中检出率为92.9%,inv(16)在M4畸变核型中检出率为66.7%。结论对急性非淋巴细胞白血病的细胞遗传学与形态学分型间的关系作了探讨,表明形态学和细胞遗传学是一个不可分割的整体。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.