辛伐他汀联合缬沙坦治疗慢性心力衰竭患者的疗效及对脑钠尿肽和心功能的影响

目的　观察辛伐他汀联合缬沙坦治疗慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者的疗效及对脑钠尿肽(BNP)和心功能的影响.方法96例CHF患者按随机数字表法分为两组,对照组48例给予常规治疗,观察组48例在常规治疗的基础上给予辛伐他汀联合缬沙坦治疗,两组疗程均为6个月.比较两组的临床疗效及BNP和心功能的变化.结果治疗后观察组总有效率[85.4％(41/48)]高于对照组[　70.8％(34/48)],但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组治疗前BNP、左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)和左室射血分数(LVEF)比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).治疗后两组BNP、LVESD、LVEDD明显下降,LVEF明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P＜　0.05).观察组治疗后BNP、LVESD、LVEDD低于同期对照组[(0.72±0.14)　μg/L比(1.21±0.22)　μg/L,(36.14±3.92)　mm比(41.32±4.22)　mm,(46.85　±4.11)　mm比(54.31±4.96)　mm],LVEF高于同期对照组[(44.62±3.38)％比(41.28±2.25)％],差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论辛伐他汀联合缬沙坦治疗CHF患者,能够提高临床疗效,降低血清BNP,改善患者的心功能,值得临床推广应用.     

曲美他嗪联合阿托伐他汀治疗冠心病合并心力衰竭效果观察

目的观察曲美他嗪联合阿托伐他汀在冠心病合并心力衰竭患者中的治疗效果。方法选取2016年1月—12月收治的冠心病合并心力衰竭患者96例,随机分为观察组与对照组,各48例。对照组给予阿托伐他汀,观察组在对照组用药基础上加以曲美他嗪。观察两组临床疗效、心功能[左室射血分数(Left Ventricular Ejection Fractions,LVEF)、左室舒张末内径(Left ventricular end diastolic diameter,LVEDD)]以及血浆脑钠肽(Brain natluretic petide,BNP)水平。计数资料比较采用χ2检验,计量资料比较采用t检验,P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果观察组总有效率95.83%优于对照组77.08%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后观察组LVEF、LVEDD、BNP[(51.96±5.81)%、(42.31±5.28)mm、(230.07±6.78)pg/ml]优于对照组[(44.25±4.72)%、(47.26±7.14)mm、(256.14±8.42)pg/ml],差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论曲美他嗪与阿托伐他汀联合治疗利于促进冠心病合并心力衰竭患者心功能的改善,降低BNP水平。     

重组人红细胞生成素联合铁剂对慢性心力衰竭合并贫血患者心功能和脑利钠肽的影响

目的 探讨重组人红细胞生成素联合铁剂对慢性心力衰竭(CHF)合并贫血患者心功能和脑利钠肽(BNP)的影响.方法 64例CHF合并贫血患者按随机数字表法分成观察组(32例)和对照组(32例),两组均给予常规抗心力衰竭治疗,观察组加用重组人红细胞生成素注射液和铁剂口服治疗,疗程6个月.比较两组血红蛋白、BNP、心功能指标及运动耐量的差别.结果 两组治疗后血红蛋白、左室射血分数(LVEF)、BNP、6min步行试验(6MWT)距离、纽约心脏病学会(NYHA)心功能分级与治疗前比较均有显著改善(P＜0.05),治疗后观察组血红蛋白、LVEF、BNP、6MWT距离[分别为( 126.41±10.50) g/L、(37.10±4.10)％、(269.5±10.0) ng/L、(460±92) m]与对照组[分别为(92.01±7.15) g/L、(33.90±9.00)％、(468.1±48.2) ng/L、(370±110) m]比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 应用重组人红细胞生成素联合铁剂治疗CHF合并贫血患者可提高运动耐量和改善心功能状态.     

依那普利联合曲美他嗪治疗充血性心力衰竭的临床疗效及对脑钠肽水平的影响

目的 观察依那普利联合曲美他嗪治疗充血性心力衰竭的临床疗效及对脑钠肽水平的影响,探讨其作用机制.方法 94例充血性心力衰竭患者按随机数字表法分为观察组（47例）和对照组（47例）,对照组进行常规的综合治疗,给予螺内酯、呋塞米、他汀类、洋地黄等常规药物治疗,观察组在对照组治疗的基础上,再给予依那普利联合曲美他嗪治疗,两组均观察2个月,治疗前后观察患者症状、体征变化情况,超声心动图监测左心室射血分数（LVEF）、左心室收缩末期容积（LESV）、左心室舒张末期容积（LEDV）的变化,运动耐量的变化情况采用6 min步行试验（6MWT）,评判两组临床疗效,详细记录不良反应发生情况.结果 观察组总有效率97.87％（46/47）,对照组总有效率70.21％（33/47）,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.两组治疗前收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、LVEF、LESV、LEDV、6MWT距离、BNP比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;两组治疗后SBP、DBP、LVEF、LESV、LEDV、6MWT距离、BNP均较治疗前改善[观察组：（122±6）mmHg（1mm Hg=0.133 kPa）比（148±11） mm Hg、（70±12） mm Hg比（89± 11） mmHg、（49.7±5.8）％比（30.2±4.6）％、（80.2±7.1）ml比（118.2±11.8） ml、（131.6±8.5） ml比（168.6±9.8） ml、（504±72）m比（367±57）m、（441±63） mg/L比（798±51） mg/L;对照组：（142±11）mm Hg比（149±12） mm Hg、（83±12） mm Hg比（88±12） mm Hg、（35.8±5.2）％比（30.6±4.3）％、（97.5±8.2） ml比（119.8±10.5） ml、（143.8±9.7） ml比（169.5±9.2） ml、（444±68）m比（363±60）m、（588±51）mg/L比（789±53） mg/L],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;观察组治疗后SBP、DBP、LESV、LEDV、BNP明显低于对照组,LVEF、6MWT距离明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 依那普利联合曲美他嗪能够抑制脑钠肽的异常分泌,纠正神经内分泌紊乱,改善心肌收缩与舒张功能,提高运动耐量,改善血流动力学,提高疾病治疗效果,且安全性良好,值得临床推广使用.     

麝香保心丸联合曲美他嗪改善冠心病心力衰竭患者血管内皮功能及血浆BNP浓度的效果分析

目的分析麝香保心丸联合曲美他嗪改善冠心病心力衰竭患者血管内皮功能及血浆B型脑钠肽(brain natriuretic peptide,BNP)浓度的效果。方法选择2013年10月—2015年10月收治的119例冠心病心力衰竭住院患者作为研究对象,随机分为单药组59例和联合组60例。单药组给予曲美他嗪片口服治疗,联合组给予麝香保心丸联合曲美他嗪片治疗,连续治疗3个月末对比两组患者血管内皮功能及血浆BNP浓度。计量资料组间比较采用t检验,组内比较采用配对t检验,计数资料采用χ2检验,P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果单药组治疗后左室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)和左室舒张末期内径(left ventricular end-diastolic dimension,LVEDd)、6分钟步行距离、C反应蛋白(C-reactionprotein,CRP)和血浆BNP浓度分别为(38.53±3.41)%、(55.68±5.45)mm、(308.55±26.07)m、(2.93±0.34)mg/L、(123.44±6.18)pg/ml,较治疗前(34.21±3.38)%、(59.32±5.47)mm、(223.64±25.36)m、(4.87±0.37)mg/L、(166.58±6.29)pg/ml明显改善,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。联合组治疗后LVEF、LVEDD、6分钟步行距离、CRP和血浆BNP浓度分别为(45.43±3.44)%、(50.74±5.43)mm、(371.49±26.10)m、(2.34±0.35)mg/L、(92.16±6.22)pg/ml,显著优于治疗前的(34.24±3.38)%、(59.35±5.48)mm、(224.29±25.40)m、(4.85±0.37)mg/L、(165.99±6.30)pg/ml,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。治疗后,联合组各指标均优于单药组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。联合组总有效率为90.00%,明显高于单药组的76.27%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论麝香保心丸联合曲美他嗪改善冠心病心力衰竭患者血管内皮功能及血浆BNP浓度效果确切,协同治疗效果显著,安全可靠,值得临床对作用机制继续研究。     

美托洛尔联合曲美他嗪治疗冠心病心力衰竭患者临床疗效

目的:探讨美托洛尔联合曲美他嗪治疗冠心病心力衰竭的效果,总结经验指导本病临床治疗。方法:选择2016年4月-2017年8月期间在我院接受治疗的60例冠心病心力衰竭患者,按照接诊日期的单双数分为对照组与观察组各30例。对照组采用常规对症治疗,观察组在常规对症治疗基础上联合应用美托洛尔与曲美他嗪。比较两组患者治疗效果,并处理治疗前后各项指标检查结果。结果:观察组临床治疗有效率为93.3%,显著高于对照组73.3%,差异较为显著(P0.05);治疗前,两组患者心率、收缩压、LVEF、LVEDD、LVESD、6min步行距离指标经统计学分析,差异不显著(P0.05),经治疗后与治疗前相比,具有所有改善(P0.05),但观察组LVEF、LVEDD、LVESD、6min步行距离指标改善效果好于对照组(P0.05)。结论:美托洛尔联合曲美他嗪治疗冠心病心力衰竭能够更为显著的改善患者心功能指标,增强心肌收缩能力,疗效显著,具有一定推广价值。     

前列地尔治疗缺血性心肌病效果观察

目的观察前列地尔治疗缺血性心肌病的效果。方法选择2015年6月—2016年10月收治的缺血性心肌病患者96例,随机分为观察组与对照组,每组各48例。两组给予常规药物治疗,观察组在此基础上加前列地尔10μg加入生理盐水10 ml缓慢静脉滴注,1次/d。两组均治疗14 d。治疗前及治疗第7、14天检测两组血浆B型脑钠肽(brain natriuretic peptide,BNP)水平。采用心脏彩色多普勒超声心动图测量左心室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)、左心室舒张末期内径(left ventricular end-diastolic diameter,LVEDD),左心室收缩末期内径(left ventricular end-systolic diameter,LVESD),左心室舒张早晚期最大血流速度比值(E/A)。测定6 min步行距离。BNP、心功能指标及6 min步行距离比较采用t检验或重复测量方差分析,P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果与治疗前比较,治疗第7、14天两组血浆BNP水平均降低,比较差异有统计学意义(均P0.05);治疗第7、14天观察组血浆BNP[(465±170)、(357±104)pg/ml]水平低于对照组[(580±159)、(431±146)pg/ml],比较差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。与治疗前比较,治疗后两组心功能指标LVEF、LVEDV、LVESV、E/A均改善,比较差异有统计学意义(均P0.05);治疗后观察组LVEF、LVEDV、LVESV、E/A[(47.06±5.93)%、(131.52±22.76)、(65.48±17.66)mm、1.36±0.21]与对照组[(41.92±6.07)%、(141.61±33.74)、(81.59±15.72)mm、1.18±0.30]比较改善更明显(均P0.05)。与治疗前比较,治疗第7、14天两组6min步行距离均延长,比较差异有统计学意义(均P0.05);治疗第7、14天观察组6 min步行距离[(369±56)、(441±60)m]长于对照组[(337±55)、(400±58)m],比较差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论前列地尔可改善缺血性心肌病患者的心功能。     

缬沙坦联合卡托普利对慢性充血性心力衰竭患者心室重构的影响

目的 观察缬沙坦联合卡托普利对慢性充血性心力衰竭患者心室重构的影响.方法 将60例慢性充血性心力衰竭患者按入院顺序随机分为对照组(常规治疗+卡托普利)30例和试验组(常规治疗+卡托普利+缬沙坦)30例,观察两组患者治疗前后心功能情况、心脏结构改变、血浆脑利钠肽(BNP)水平及不良反应发生情况,并进行比较.结果 治疗后试验组总有效率为96.7％(29/30),对照组为73.3％(22/30),两组总有效率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).治疗后两组患者左室射血分数(LVEF)增加,左室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)、室间隔厚度(IVST)、左室收缩末期内径(LVESd)降低,与治疗前比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).治疗后两组LVEF比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但LVEDd、IVST、LVESd试验组改善显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).两组患者治疗前血浆BNP水平比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).治疗后两组患者血浆BNP水平均较治疗前显著下降(P＜0.05),且试验组治疗后血浆BNP水平显著低于对照组[(483.5±21.4)ng/L比(659.8±37.1) ng/L,P＜0.05].两组患者均无严重不良反应发生.结论 缬沙坦联合卡托普利可以更好地治疗慢性充血性心力衰竭,改善心室重构,逆转心室肥厚,降低血浆BNP水平.     

曲美他嗪对非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术患者B型钠尿肽和心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ的影响

目的 观察非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)患者外周血中B型钠尿肽(BNP)和心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cTnI)在围手术期的变化情况及其在心脏外科的临床应用价值,并探讨曲美他嗪预处理对心肌的保护效果.方法 将103例择期行OPCAB的冠心病患者按随机数字表法分为曲美他嗪组(52例)和对照组(51例).分别于术前及术后24h、72 h、7 d时检测外周血BNP和cTnI水平.结果 曲美他嗪组术后24 h、72 h、7dBNP水平[分别为(224.5±12.0)、(331.2±22.6)、(82.4±3.3)ng/L]均低于对照组[分别为(294.7±11.8)、(383.9±28.3)、(112.4±12.5)ng/L](P＜0.05);曲美他嗪组术后24 h、72 h、7 d cTnI水平[分别为(0.21±0.04)、(1.32±0.49)、(0.26±0.04)μg/L]均低于对照组[分别为(1.20±0.13)、(2.35±0.54)、(0.75±0.21)μgL](P＜0.05);BNP水平术后24 h即有上升,72 h达峰值,并维持至术后7d.BNP与cTnI呈显著正相关(r=0.635,P＜0.05),与左室射血分数(LVEF)呈显著负相关(r=-0.674,P＜0.01).结论 通过OPCAB术后外周血BNP和cTnI水平升高可以了解患者心功能状况,曲美他嗪可降低OPCAB患者术后BNP和cTnI的释放.     

美托洛尔联合曲美他嗪对老年冠心病慢性心力衰竭患者 的心功能及BNP、CRP的影响

目的探讨美托洛尔联合曲美他嗪对老年冠心病慢性心力衰竭患者的心功能及B型尿钠肽(BNP)、C反应蛋白(CRP)的影响。方法选取2016年6月—2018年12月我院接诊的80例老年冠心病慢性心力衰竭患者,通过随机数表法分为观察组和对照组,每组各40例。对照组给予曲美他嗪治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合美托洛尔治疗,均连续治疗8周。比较两组临床疗效、左室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张末期内经(LVEDD)、左心室收缩末期内经(LVESD)、血清BNP、CRP的变化及不良反应。结果治疗后,观察组临床疗效总有效率明显比对照组高(P0.05);观察组LVEF明显高于对照组,LVEDD、LVESD、血清BNP和CRP明显比对照组低(P0.05)。结论美托洛尔联合曲美他嗪治疗老年冠心病慢性心力衰竭疗效明显。     

Investigation and Control of Anthrax Outbreak at the Human–Animal Interface,Bhutan, 2010

In 2010, we investigated anthrax outbreak in Bhutan. A total of 43 domestic animals died, and cutaneous anthrax developed in 9 persons, and 1 died. All affected persons had contact with the carcasses of infected animals. Comprehensive preparedness and response guidelines are needed to increase public awareness of anthrax in Bhutan.     

Risk for Travel-associated Legionnaires’ Disease,Europe, 2009

Legionnaires’ disease is underreported in Europe; notification rates differ substantially among countries. Approximately 20% of reported cases are travel-associated. To assess the risk for travel-associated Legionnaires’ disease (TALD) associated with travel patterns in European countries, we retrieved TALD surveillance data for 2009 from the European Surveillance System, and tourism denominator data from the Statistical Office of the European Union. Risk (number cases reported/number nights spent) was calculated by travel country. In 2009, the network reported 607 cases among European travelers, possibly associated with 825 accommodation sites in European Union countries. The overall risk associated with travel abroad was 0.3 cases/million nights. We observed an increasing trend in risk from northwestern to southeastern Europe; Greece had the highest risk (1.7). Our findings underscore the need for countries with high TALD risks to improve prevention and control of legionellosis; and for countries with high TALD risks, but low notification rates of Legionnaires’ disease to improve diagnostics and reporting.     

Travel-associated Diseases,Indian Ocean Islands, 1997–2010

Data collected by the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network for 1,415 ill travelers returning from Indian Ocean islands during 1997–2010 were analyzed. Malaria (from Comoros and Madagascar), acute nonparasitic diarrhea, and parasitoses were the most frequently diagnosed infectious diseases. An increase in arboviral diseases reflected the 2005 outbreak of chikungunya fever.     

Dengue Virus Transmission by Blood Stem Cell Donor after Travel to Sri Lanka; Germany, 2013

Three days after donation of peripheral blood stem cells to a recipient with acute myeloblastic leukemia, dengue virus was detected in the donor, who had recently traveled to Sri Lanka. Transmission to the recipient, who died 9 days after transplant, was confirmed.     

Haemophilus ducreyi Associated with Skin Ulcers among Children,Solomon Islands

During a survey of yaws prevalence in the Solomon Islands, we collected samples from skin ulcers of 41 children. Using PCR, we identified Haemophilus ducreyi infection in 13 (32%) children. PCR-positive and PCR-negative ulcers were phenotypically indistinguishable. Emergence of H. ducreyi as a cause of nongenital ulcers may affect the World Health Organization’s yaws eradication program.     

Long-Term Survival Among Histological Subtypes in Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Population-Based Study Using the Surveillance,Epidemiology, and End Results Database

BackgroundActual long-term survival rates for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) are rarely reported.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the role of histological subtypes in predicting the prognosis among long-term survivors (≥5 years) of advanced EOC.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of data among patients with stage III-IV EOC diagnosed from 2000 to 2014 using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer data of the United States. We used the chi-square test, Kaplan–Meier analysis, and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model for the analyses.ResultsWe included 8050 patients in this study, including 6929 (86.1%), 743 (9.2%), 237 (2.9%), and 141 (1.8%) patients with serous, endometrioid, clear cell, and mucinous tumors, respectively. With a median follow-up of 91 months, the most common cause of death was primary ovarian cancer (80.3%), followed by other cancers (8.1%), other causes of death (7.3%), cardiac-related death (3.2%), and nonmalignant pulmonary disease (3.2%). Patients with the serous subtype were more likely to die from primary ovarian cancer, and patients with the mucinous subtype were more likely to die from other cancers and cardiac-related disease. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that patients with endometrioid (hazard ratio [HR] 0.534, P<.001), mucinous (HR 0.454, P<.001), and clear cell (HR 0.563, P<.001) subtypes showed better ovarian cancer-specific survival than those with the serous subtype. Similar results were found regarding overall survival. However, ovarian cancer–specific survival and overall survival were comparable among those with endometrioid, clear cell, and mucinous tumors.ConclusionsOvarian cancer remains the primary cause of death in long-term ovarian cancer survivors. Moreover, the probability of death was significantly different among those with different histological subtypes. It is important for clinicians to individualize the surveillance program for long-term ovarian cancer survivors.     

Outbreak of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin–Associated Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Infection in a Rugby Team,France, 2010–2011

Staphylococcus aureus strains that produce Panton-Valentine leukocidin are known to cause community infections. We describe an outbreak of skin abscesses caused by Panton-Valentine leukocidin–producing methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (clonal complex 121) in a professional rugby team in France during July 2010–February 2011. Eight team members were carriers; 7 had skin abscesses.     

大龄单身女性寻求生育力保存的伦理问题探析

近年来,在肿瘤和卵巢相关疾病发生率逐年增加、不少大龄单身女性渴望为自己购买一份“生殖保险”等社会及个人因素催化下,人类对于生育力保存的需求急剧增加,满足这一需求正在或将成为重大挑战。对于寻求进行生育力保存的大龄单身女性来说,在合适的年龄应用玻璃化冷冻技术将其卵母细胞冻存是目前可采用的最佳生育力保存手段。而单身女性卵子冷冻将面临来自伦理道德、社会乃至法律的巨大挑战。本文概述国内外大龄单身女性卵子冷冻的现状,并对其可能涉及的相关伦理问题及解决途径进行综述,以促进理性正视单身女性卵子冷冻问题。     

Raccoons and skunks as sentinels for enzootic tularemia

We analyzed sera from diverse mammals of Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, for evidence of Francisella tularensis exposure. Skunks and raccoons were frequently seroreactive, whereas white-footed mice, cottontail rabbits, deer, rats, and dogs were not. Tularemia surveillance may be facilitated by focusing on skunks and raccoons.