直肠癌中磷酸酶和张力蛋白同源基因及磷脂酰肌醇3激酶的表达与临床病理特征的相关性

目的 探讨磷酸酶和张力蛋白同源基因(PTEN)及磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(PI3K)在直肠癌中的表达与临床病理特征的相关性.方法 应用免疫组织化学染色MaxVisionTM法检测60例直肠癌、30例直肠腺瘤和10例正常直肠黏膜组织标本中PTEN及PI3K的表达情况,并对其表达水平与直肠癌临床病理特征之间的关系进行相关性分析.结果 直肠癌组织PTEN阳性表达率明显低于正常直肠黏膜组织和直肠腺瘤组织[43.3％( 26/60)比100.0％(10/10)和93.3％( 28/30),P＜0.05],直肠癌组织PI3K阳性表达率明显高于正常直肠黏膜组织和直肠腺瘤组织[75.0％( 45/60)比30.0％(3/10)和33.3％(10/30),P＜0.05].PTEN及PI3K在直肠癌组织中的表达水平与患者术前癌胚抗原、分化程度、TNM分期、淋巴结转移和远处转移有关(P＜0.01或＜0.05),而与患者年龄、性别、肿瘤位置、肿瘤形态无明显相关性(P＞0.05).相关分析结果表明,PI3K与PTEN阳性表达呈显著负相关(r=-0.269,P=0.023).结论 直肠癌中PI3K高表达及PTEN低表达,与直肠癌的侵袭和转移密切相关,监测两者的表达对判定直肠癌生物学行为有一定的价值.     

生长激素受体在结直肠癌发生过程中表达上调

目的:研究生长激素受体(GHR)在结直肠正常黏膜-非肿瘤性息肉-腺瘤-结直肠癌序列中的表达,以探讨其在结直肠癌发生发展中的作用. 方法:应用免疫组化(IHC)和逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测正常结直肠黏膜、非肿瘤性息肉、结直肠腺瘤、结直肠癌共124例病人的标本中GHR表达. 结果:免疫组化结果表明,与正常结直肠黏膜相比,结直肠腺瘤和结直肠癌的GHR蛋白表达显著上调(P＜0.001);半定量RT-PCR结果同样表明,与正常结直肠黏膜相比,结直肠腺瘤和结直肠癌的GHR mRNA表达也显著上调(P＜0.001). 结论:GH/GHR在结直肠癌的发生发展过程中可能起着重要的作用,对结直肠癌病人应谨慎使用重组人生长激素.     

妊娠期糖尿病患者胎盘组织中胎球蛋白A的表达及其与胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的 探讨妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）患者胎盘组织中胎球蛋白A（AHSG）基因mRNA及蛋白表达与胰岛素抵抗的关系.方法 采用反转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）、Western blot技术检测43例正常足月妊娠剖宫产患者（对照组）和45例GDM患者（GDM组）胎盘组织中AHSG基因mRNA及蛋白表达水平,并检测剖宫产前空腹血糖（FPG）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）,计算稳态模型评估法胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）.结果 GDM组FPG、FINS和HOMA-IR水平均显著高于对照组[（5.28±0.63） mmol/L比（4.24±0.21） mmol/L,（11.75±4.85） mU/L比（9.73±2.18） mU/L,2.79±1.02比1.87±0.66],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01或＜0.05）;GDM组胎盘组织AHSG基因mRNA和蛋白表达水平显著高于对照组（0.7616±0.0691比0.3294±0.025 1,0.824 5±0.1375比0.420 3±0.075 0）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01或＜0.05）;GDM组HOMA-IR水平与胎盘组织AHSG基因mRNA和蛋白表达水平呈正相关（r=0.633,0.587,P＜ 0.05）.结论 GDM患者胎盘组织中AHSG基因mRNA和蛋白表达水平显著升高,胰岛素抵抗在GDM患者发病中有重要作用.     

STA33在结直肠癌中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨信号转导和转录激活因子3（STAT3）在结直肠癌及腺瘤性息肉组织中的表达情况，并分析STAT3的表达与结直肠癌临床病理参数的关系。方法应用免疫组化Max Vision TM，法检测40例结直肠癌，30例腺瘤性息肉和30例正常结直肠黏膜组织中STAT3蛋白的表达，结合临床资料进行分析。结果STAT3蛋白阳性反应主要定位于细胞质。STAT3蛋白在结直肠癌、腺瘤性息肉和正常结直肠黏膜组织中的阳性率分别为80.0％、56.7％和30.0％。结直肠癌组织中STAT3蛋白的表达显著高于腺瘤性息肉组织（P〈0.05）。结直肠癌和腺瘤性息肉组织电。STAT3蛋白的阳性表达率和表达强度均明显高于正常结直肠黏膜组织（P〈0.05）。STAT3蛋白在结直肠癌组织中的表达水平与分化程度、Dukes分期及淋巴结转移有关（P〈0.05）；与浆膜浸润、肿瘤远处转移、年龄、性别无关（P〉0.05）。结论STAT3高表达可能与结直肠癌的发生发展夏恶性演进有关。在腺瘤性息肉组织中，STAT3阳性的组织细胞可能是潜在的癌前细胞。检测STAT3有助于判断结直肠癌的恶性程度及生物学行为。     

缝隙连接蛋白43及26mRNA在自身免疫性甲状腺疾病患者甲状腺组织中的表达

目的 研究自身免疫性甲状腺疾病(AITD)患者甲状腺组织中缝隙连接蛋白(Cx)43、Cx26基因表达的变化.方法 外科手术收集76例甲状腺组织,均经病理诊断.其中Graves病(CD)30例(GD组),桥本甲状腺炎(HT)30例(HT组),甲状腺腺瘤旁正常甲状腺组织16例(正常组).应用反转录(RT)-聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术,以GAPDH为内参照分析三组甲状腺组织中Cx43、Cx26mRNA表达的差异.结果 正常及AITD甲状腺组织中均表达Cx43及Cx26 mRNA;Cx43及Cx26mRNA在GD组甲状腺组织中的表达明显高于正常组(0.9307±0.0716比0.5938±0.0484,0.7371±0.0463比0.3431±0.0399)(P＜0.01),在HT组中的表达明显低于正常组(0.3581±0.0458比0.5938±0.0484,0.3150±0.0218比0.3431±0.0399)(P＜0.01或＜0.05).结论 Cx43、Cx26 mRNA在人甲状腺组织中有所表达,且其表达在AITD患者甲状腺组织中有明显变化,提示缝隙连接与AITD发生有关.     

血小板衍化内皮细胞生长因子在结直肠癌细胞及间质细胞中的表达及意义

目的 探讨血小板衍化内皮细胞生长因子(PD-ECGF)在结直肠癌组织的肿瘤细胞和肿瘤间质细胞中的表达及与Dukes分期、组织分化程度、淋巴结转移的关系.方法 采用免疫组化染色法对41例手术切除的结直肠癌组织(结直肠癌组)的肿瘤细胞、肿瘤间质细胞以及25例正常结直肠组织(对照组)的黏膜上皮细胞及间质细胞进行PD-ECGF测定.结果 结直肠癌组肿瘤细胞PD-ECGF阳性表达率明显高于对照组黏膜上皮细胞(P＜0.05);肿瘤细胞PD-ECGF阳性表达与淋巴结转移密切相关(P＜0.05);结直肠癌组和对照组间质细胞PD-ECGF阳性表达率比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);结直肠癌组肿瘤间质细胞PD-ECGF阳性表达与肿瘤细胞是否PD-ECGF阳性表达无相关关系(P＞0.05).结论 肿瘤细胞PD-ECGF阳性表达与淋巴结转移密切相关;肿瘤间质细胞是PD-ECGF的重要来源.     

HPV感染宫颈癌患者Hippo-YAP通路改变及其与临床特征的关系

目的探讨人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染宫颈癌患者Hippo-YAP信号通路yes相关蛋白1(YAP1)在宫颈组织中的YAP1 mRNA和蛋白表达及其与临床特征的相关性。方法选择湖北省中西医结合医院妇产科2015年1月-2020年5月收治的宫颈癌患者85例作为研究组,选择同期医院收治的宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)患者40例作为CIN组及因子宫良性病变进行子宫切除术患者60例作为对照组;采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)检测YAP1 mRNA表达,采用免疫组化法检测宫颈组织中YAP1免疫组化评分;比较宫颈癌患者不同临床参数YAP1 mRNA、YAP1免疫组化评分差异;比较YAP1不同mRNA水平、免疫组化评分患者无病生存期、总生存期。结果宫颈癌组YAP1 mRNA表达、YAP1免疫组化评分均高于CIN组及对照组(P0.05); CIN组YAP1 mRNA表达、YAP1免疫组化评分高于对照组(P0.05);宫颈组织中YAP1 mRNA表达、YAP1免疫组化评分与患者淋巴结转移有关(P0.05),与其他临床参数无关;以各自平均值作为区分界限,YAP1 mRNA高表达、YAP1免疫组化高评分患者无病生存期、总生存期缩短(P0.05)。结论宫颈癌组织中YAP1 mRNA、蛋白表达明显升高,且与肿瘤转移存在联系,可作为患者预后指标,其内在机制有待进一步探讨。     

肺鳞癌组织中热休克蛋白27表达及意义

目的 检测肺鳞癌组织中热休克蛋白27(heat shock protein 27,HSP27)mRNA和蛋白表达水平变化及其意义.方法 应用实时荧光定量PCR(RQ-PCR)和免疫印迹(westorn blot)技术检测22例不同分期及分化程度的肺鳞癌组织及其相应癌旁正常组织中HSP27表达情况,并分析其与病理指标的关系.结果 HSP27在肺鳞癌组织和癌旁正常组织中mRNA表达水平差异无统计学意义;肺鳞癌组织中HSP27蛋白表达水平(0.85±0.11)明显高于癌旁正常组织(0.57±0.24);HSP27在低分化肺鳞癌组织中的蛋白表达水平明显高于高、中分化癌组织(P＜0.05);HSP27在早期(Ⅰ期+Ⅱ期)肺鳞癌组织和非早期(Ⅲ期)癌组织中的蛋白表达水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 HSP27在肺鳞癌中蛋白表达水平增高,可能与肺癌的发生、发展有关.     

骨桥蛋白在鼻咽癌组织中的表达研究

目的 探讨骨桥蛋白在鼻咽癌组织中的表达及临床意义.方法 应用免疫组织化学染色法检测44例鼻咽癌、25例癌旁正常黏膜组织骨桥蛋白的表达情况,分析骨桥蛋白的表达与鼻咽癌病理特征的关系.结果骨桥蛋白在鼻咽癌组织中的阳性表达率和阳性染色面积显著高于癌旁正常黏膜组织[77.27％(34/44)比8.00％(2/25)、(60.24±17.51)％比(1.32±0.48)％](P＜0.05).骨桥蛋白的阳性表达与鼻咽癌的临床分期及淋巴结转移有关(P＜0.05),而与鼻咽癌的病理分级无关(P＞0.05).结论 骨桥蛋白的表达与鼻咽癌的侵袭转移相关,骨桥蛋白过表达可能是促成鼻咽癌侵袭转移的重要因素之一.     

Twist、p53和E-钙黏附蛋白联合检测在乳腺癌中意义

目的 观察乳腺癌中Twist、p53和E-钙黏附蛋白mRNA的表达及其相互关系.方法 选取初次就诊的30例乳腺癌患者行改良根治术的乳腺癌组织和癌旁组织及10例乳腺良性病变患者的正常乳腺组织,分别应用RT-PCR的方法检测Twist、p53和E-钙黏附蛋白mRNA的表达,与临床病理因素关系及其相互关系.结果 乳腺癌组织Twist mRNA表达与分化程度[高中分化93.33％(14/15),低分化53.33％(8/15)]、淋巴管浸润[是93.75％(15/16),否50.00％(7/14)]和TNM分期[Ⅰ～Ⅱ期46.15％(6/13),III～Ⅳ期94.12％(16/17)]有明显相关性(P＜0.05),而与年龄、肿瘤直径、外膜浸润、雌激素受体和孕激素受体无明显相关性(P＞0.05).乳腺癌组织中Twist和p53 mRNA表达较癌旁组织和正常乳腺组织明显升高[(112.36±12.53)％比(101.37±9.12)％和(98.03±9.04)％、(101.73±13.32)％比(91.43±7.43)％和(90.83±6.58)％,P＜0.01],而E-钙黏附蛋白mRNA表达较癌旁组织和正常乳腺组织明显降低[(55.43±12.49)％比(69.39±5.63)％和(72.73±7.93)％,P＜0.01],癌旁组织和正常乳腺组织比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).乳腺癌组织中Twist mRNA表达与p53 mRNA呈正相关(r=0.526,P=0.004),而与E-钙黏附蛋白mRNA表达呈负相关(r=-0.500,P=0.000).结论 Twist和p53在乳腺癌组织中呈高表达,而E-钙黏附蛋白呈低表达.Twist可能通过上调p53的表达,同时下调E-钙黏附蛋白的表达,从而促进乳腺癌的浸润、转移,并在其中起重要作用.     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.