降钙素原与C反应蛋白在支气管哮喘合并呼吸道感染中的诊断意义及护理对策

目的 探讨血清降钙素原(PCT)、C反应蛋白(CRP)对哮喘合并感染患者的诊断价值及护理措施,为其临床防治及护理提供依据.方法 对60例哮喘及哮喘合并感染者采用免疫发光法定量测定患者血清PCT水平,自动免疫散射速率比浊法测定CRP水平.结果 哮喘合并细菌感染患者PCT、CRP水平明显高于哮喘合并病毒感染及单纯哮喘患者(P＜0.05);哮喘合并病毒感染组PCT轻度增加,与单纯性哮喘组比较差异虽有统计学意义(P＜0.05),但诊断价值不明显;细菌感染组PCT与CRP之间有正相关性(r=0.932,P＜0.05),病毒感染组PCT与CRP之间无相关性(r=-0.018,P＞0.05);以PCT≥0.5 μg/L为界,诊断细菌感染的敏感性92.9％,以CRP≥10 mg/L为界,诊断细菌感染的敏感性为89.3％,哮喘合并细菌组血清PCT、CRP阳性率分别为89.3％、92.9％,高于哮喘合并病毒感染28.6％、64.3％及单纯哮喘患者22.2％、33.3％,哮喘合并病毒组血清PCT、CRP阳性率分别为22.2％、33.3％,均高于单纯哮喘组22.2％、33.3％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 血清学PCT、CRP指标能早期正确鉴别哮喘合并细菌感染患者,耐心护理,能够有效控制哮喘发作感染和病情发展,促进患者早日康复.     

降钙素原及C反应蛋白在儿科感染性疾病中的临床价值

目的 探讨降钙素原(PCT)、C反应蛋白(CRP)在儿科感染性疾病诊断中的临床价值,为儿科感染性疾病的鉴别诊断提供参考.方法选取儿科收治的疑似感染性疾病患儿258例,根据出院诊断分为细菌感染组176例、病毒感染组46例及非感染组36例,细菌感染组又根据病情严重程度分为局部细菌感染组143例及重症细菌感染组33例,对患儿在入院时分别以光化学发光法和免疫比浊法检测PCT、CRP.结果 PCT、CRP检测定量值细菌感染组分别为(6.21±5.70) ng/ml、(19.42±8.72) mg/L,病毒感染组分别为(0.21±0.15) ng/ml、(10.13±1.58)mg/L,非感染分别为(0.13±0.1)ng/ml、(7.12±0.73) mg/L,阳性率细菌感染组分别为71.59％、67.05％,病毒感染组分别为6.52％、10.87％,非感染组分别为8.33％、16.67％,PCT、CRP定量值细菌感染组、病毒感染组与非感染组比较、细菌感染组与病毒感染组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),PCT、CRP阳性率细菌感染组与非感染组比较、与病毒感染组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);PCT、CRP检测定量值局部细菌感染组分别为(1.53±1.02)ng/ml、(17.97±4.16)mg/L,重症细菌感染组分别为(7.43±4.48) ng/ml、(21.32±8.47)mg/L,阳性率局部细菌感染组分别为50.35％、59.44％,重症感染组分别为100.00％、90.91％,PCT、CRP定量值及阳性率两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 PCT、CRP均能用于辅助诊断儿科感染性疾病,CRP灵敏性较高、特异性差,PCT灵敏性不及CRP,但特异性较高,用于细菌性与病毒性感染、细菌性感染严重程度的鉴别具有较高的临床价值.     

乌兰察布地区儿童急性支气管哮喘呼吸道病毒感染及临床特征

目的探讨乌兰察布地区支气管哮喘急性发作儿童病毒感染现状和气道炎症情况。方法回顾性分析2017年1月-2019年12月间乌兰察布医专附属医院儿内科收治的150例急性支气管哮喘发作儿童临床资料,分析患儿病毒感染分布情况,比较不同年龄段、不同病情严重程度患儿感染病毒分布差异,分析病毒感染与儿童支气管哮喘急性发作患儿基线资料、气道炎症[诱导痰C-反应蛋白(CRP)、血清CRP、降钙素原(PCT)、外周血白细胞(WBC)、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)]的关系,评估炎症因子预测患儿病毒感染的效能。结果 150例支气管哮喘急性发作患儿共检出110株病毒,阳性率73.33%,以呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)为主;合并病毒感染患儿3岁RSV检出率最高(P0.05),3岁者鼻病毒(HRV)检出率最高(P0.05);支气管哮喘急性发作合并病毒感染组患儿用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV_1)/FVC、儿童哮喘控制测试(C-ACT)评分、痰CRP、血清CRP、血清PCT、WBC及NLR水平与单纯支气管哮喘急性发作组比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);痰CRP、血清CRP、血清PCT及NLR均是预测急性支气管哮喘患儿发生病毒感染的有效指标(P0.05)。结论 RSV和鼻病毒(HRV)感染是乌兰察布地区儿童支气管哮喘急性发作的常见诱因,病毒感染会加重患儿气道炎症,炎症因子水平变化可为病毒感染诊治提供信息。     

降钙素原与C-反应蛋白对哮喘合并呼吸道感染患者的诊断及治疗意义

目的浅析降钙素原(PCT)与C-反应蛋白(CRP)对哮喘合并呼吸道感染患者诊断及治疗意义。方法选择于2016年1月-2017年2月医院呼吸科收治的哮喘患者63例,根据患者感染情况分为单纯哮喘组19例、哮喘合并病毒感染组15例及哮喘合并细菌感染组29例。治疗前抽取患者清晨空腹静脉血进行血清PCT及CRP检测,分析三组患者PCT及CRP表达水平及检测阳性情况,并随访记录患者发生呼吸衰竭情况。结果哮喘合并细菌感染组及哮喘合并病毒感染组的血清PCT及CRP表达水平均高于单纯哮喘组,哮喘合并细菌感染组PCT及CRP表达水平均高于合并病毒感染组(P0.05);哮喘合并细菌感染组PCT及CRP阳性率分别为79.31%、82.76%,均高于单纯哮喘组(P0.05);发生呼吸衰竭组PCT表达水平为(6.93±1.94)ug/L,高于未发生呼吸衰竭组(P0.05)。结论血清PCT和CRP水平可反映哮喘合并呼吸道感染患者的感染情况,指导临床抗感染药物的选择及对疾病预后具有一定价值。     

血清PCT与CRP和血小板参数在支气管哮喘合并感染患儿中的应用价值

目的探讨血清PCT、CRP水平及血小板参数在支气管哮喘合并感染患儿中的临床应用价值。方法选取2014年1月-2015年12月医院收治的120例支气管哮喘患儿作为临床研究对象,根据是否感染及感染类型的不同将患儿分为单纯支气管哮喘36例(对照组),支气管哮喘合并病毒感染40例(病毒组),支气管哮喘合并细菌感染44例(细菌组),对三组患儿血清降钙素原(PCT)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、血小板参数进行分析和比较。结果三组患儿血清PCT、CRP水平比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),细菌组患儿血清PCT和CRP水平均高于对照组和病毒组(P0.05);三组患儿血小板参数比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),细菌组患儿血小板计数(PLT)、血小板分布宽度(PDW)均高于对照组和病毒组,血小板平均体积(MPV)低于对照组和病毒组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论血清PCT、CRP、血小板参数检测对于诊断和鉴别支气管哮喘合并感染患儿类型具有重要的临床价值。     

联合检测降钙素原和C-反应蛋白在感染性疾病诊断中的应用

目的:评价血降钙素原(PCT)与C-反应蛋白(CRP)在诊断及治疗感染性疾病的应用价值。方法:检测我院50例细菌感染患者血清PCT、CRP的含量,将50例细菌感染患者分为重症感染组和局部感染组,并与病毒感染组进行分析比较。结果:重症细菌感染组血清PCT、CRP浓度分别为14.5±3.5μg/L和89.3±12.8mg/L;局部细菌感染组血清PCT、CRP中位数分别为2.1±1.4μg/L和48.3±13.5mg/L;重症感染组和局部感染组血清PCT、CRP浓度均明显升高,与病毒感染组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:PCT和CRP测定均可用于感染性疾病的辅助诊断,但CRP的特异性较差,动态监测PCT水平有助于临床判断病情的转归和恶化。     

PCT联合CRP检测在儿童急性呼吸道感染治疗的临床应用

目的:探讨血清降钙素原(PCT)与超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)联合检测在细菌性急性呼吸道感染患儿诊治中的临床意义。方法:选取急性呼吸道感染患儿80例,结合病毒血清学、细菌培养检测结果,将患儿分为病毒感染组及细菌感染组,检测血清PCT、hs CRP。结果:病毒感染组患儿hs-CRP为(10.22±2.13)mg/L,PCT为(1.73±0.54)ug/l;细菌感染组患儿hs-CRP为(3.15±0.63)mg/L,PCT为(0.53±0.11)ug/l,两组患儿hs-CRP和PCT水平差异有统计学意义(p0.05)。结论:联合检测急性呼吸道感染患儿血清PCT及hs-CRP水平能够有效早期判断儿童急性呼吸道感染,区分细菌性感染及病毒感染。     

血清降钙素原等对支气管哮喘合并呼吸道感染的鉴别

目的:探讨血清C-反应蛋白(CRP)及降钙素原(PCT)在支气管哮喘合并呼吸道感染鉴别诊断中的临床价值。方法:选取2014年7月-2015年9月收治的支气管哮喘合并呼吸道感染患者48例,其中26例支气管哮喘合并细菌感染患者为A组,22例支气管哮喘合并病毒感染患者为B组,对血清CRP、PCT水平予以检测。结果:A组患者血清CRP、PCT水平同B组比较,明显较高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:支气管哮喘合并细菌感染患者血清CRP及PCT水平明显高于支气管哮喘合并病毒感染患者,对两种指标进行检测,利于早期正确鉴别支气管哮喘合并呼吸道感染患者,为临床治疗提供有效参考。     

如何在轮状病毒感染中鉴别细菌感染

目的 探讨C反应蛋白(CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)、白细胞计数及中性粒细胞比例在轮状病毒性肠炎患儿中对判断是否合并细菌感染的意义.方法 将收治的60例单纯轮状病毒性肠炎患儿分为非白细胞升高组(38例)及白细胞升高组(22例),分别检测其CRP、PCT及中性粒细胞比例,并进行比较.结果 非白细胞升高组与白细胞升高组CRP比较差异无统计学意义[(3.66±4.54) mg/L比(8.01±11.15) mg/L,P＞0.05].非白细胞升高组中性粒细胞比例低于白细胞升高组(0.422±0.183比0.626±0.152),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).以PCT≥0.5 μ g/L为细菌感染判定标准,白细胞升高组细菌感染率明显高于非白细胞升高组[68.2％(15/22)比21.1％(8/38)],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 PCT、中性粒细胞比例可作为轮状病毒性肠炎是否合并细菌感染的敏感指标.     

PCT在儿科感染性疾病诊断与治疗中的应用

目的 探讨及评价血清降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)检测在儿科感染性疾病分析PCT水平与病毒、细菌感染的相关性.方法 收集某院儿科2009～2010年住院的119例有感染性疾病的患儿进行PCT、C-反应蛋白(C-reactiveprotein,CRP)、WBC、中性粒细胞百分比(GR％)检测,监测细菌感染组、病毒感染组及非细菌感染组患儿PCT、CRP,WBC、GR％水平及使用抗菌药物治疗效果的观察.结果 细菌感染组患儿PCT阳性率44.16％ (34/77)明显高于其他两组(P＜0.05).PCT检测诊断细菌感染敏感性优于CRP,对患儿出现细菌感染(特别是早产儿)早期诊断中意义更显著.结论 血清PCT是诊断儿科细菌感染的重要实验室指标,其诊断价值优于CRP,WBC,GR％水平.参照PCT结果指导儿科临床合理用药疗效更为显著.     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.