中老年冠心病患者血清瘦素与脂联素水平的关系

目的 探讨中老年冠心病患者血清瘦素和脂联素的表达及相关性.方法 选取88例年龄≥55岁行冠状动脉造影的患者,根据造影结果分为冠心病组52例和对照组36例,采用酶联免疫吸附试验法测定血清瘦素和脂联素水平.结果 冠心病组患者血清瘦素水平高于对照组[(9.38±3.51) μg/L比(7.27±3.25) μg/L,P＜0.05],脂联素水平低于对照组[(11.08±3.87) mg/L比(13.34±4.94) mg/L,P＜0.05],Logistic多元回归分析显示仅有血清瘦素水平是中老年冠心病的独立危险因素.Spearman相关分析显示,血清脂联素与瘦素水平呈负相关(r=-0.320,P=0.002).结论 中老年冠心病患者血清脂联素水平的降低与瘦素水平的升高相关,血清瘦素水平的升高是冠心病的独立危险因素,而血清脂联素水平降低并不是冠心病的独立危险因素.     

脓毒症患者脂联素水平及其与急性生理学与慢性健康状况Ⅱ评分的相关性研究

目的 通过检测脓毒症患者血清脂联素、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平,探讨其水平变化及血清脂联素水平与急性生理学与慢性健康状况(APACHE)Ⅱ评分的相关性.方法 脓毒症患者60例(脓毒症组),健康体检者60例(对照组),分别检测其血清脂联素、TNF-α、IL-6水平并进行比较分析.结果 脓毒症组患者血清脂联素水平低于对照组[(4.78±0.78) μg/L比(15.58±3.45)μg/L],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);血清TNF-α、IL-6水平显著高于对照组[ (37.64±5.28) ng/L比(12.78±2.06) ng/L; (28.62±4.56) ng/L比(15.98±3.67) ng/L],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);脓毒症组患者血清脂联素水平与APACHEⅡ评分呈负相关(r=-0.815,P＜0.05).结论 脂联素参与脓毒症的发生和发展过程,可能发挥抗炎作用;通过检测脂联素水平可初步评估疾病的严重程度.     

辛伐他汀对急性脑卒中患者血清脂联素和不对称性二甲基精氨酸水平的影响

目的 探讨辛伐他汀对急性脑卒中患者血清脂联素和不对称性二甲基精氨酸(ADMA)水平的影响.方法 选择急性脑卒中患者90例,按随机数字表法分为常规治疗组和干预治疗组,每组45例.计算两组患者脑梗死体积和临床神经功能缺损程度评分.酶联免疫吸附试验法检测两组治疗前后血清脂联素和ADMA水平.比较两组治疗前后脂联素和ADMA水平的变化,并分析其与脑梗死体积和临床神经功能缺损程度评分的相关性.结果 治疗前两组患者脂联素和ADMA水平比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)；治疗后两组患者脂联素水平明显升高,ADMA水平明显下降,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).但是干预治疗组治疗后脂联素水平明显高于同期常规治疗组,ADMA水平明显低于同期常规治疗组,差异有统计学意义[(5.92±0.15)mg/L比(4.51±0.13)mg/L,(0.96±0.13)μmol/L比(1.08±0.15)μ mol/L] (P＜ 0.05).等级相关分析结果显示患者治疗前脂联素水平与脑梗死体积和临床神经功能缺损程度评分均呈负相关,相关系数分别为-0.75和-0.59,P值均＜0.05.患者治疗前ADMA水平与脑梗死体积和临床神经功能缺损程度评分均呈正相关,相关系数分别为0.68和0.71,P值均＜0.05.结论 辛伐他汀能有效地升高急性脑卒中患者脂联素水平和降低ADMA水平,改善患者预后.     

2型糖尿病男性患者睾酮与脂联素、瘦素水平的相关性

目的 探讨2型糖尿病男性患者睾酮水平情况及其与脂联素、瘦素水平的相关性.方法 选取2型糖尿病男性患者60例(2型糖尿病组),另选取同期非糖尿病男性患者40例作为对照组.检测受试者的睾酮、脂联素、瘦素水平,对比两组睾酮水平的差异,同时分析睾酮水平和脂联素及瘦素水平的关系.结果 2型糖尿病组睾酮、脂联素及瘦素水平分别为(11.0±4.1) nmol/L、(6.3±1.2) mg/L及(7.2±2.1) μg/L,对照组分别为(12.9±4.6)nmol/L、(7.7±1.3) mg/L及(6.5±2.3) μg/L,2型糖尿病组睾酮及脂联素水平显著低于对照组,瘦素水平显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).2型糖尿病患者睾酮水平和脂联素、瘦素水平呈负相关(r=-0.38、-0.46,P＜0.05).结论 2型糖尿病男性患者睾酮水平较非糖尿病男性降低.睾酮水平与脂联素及瘦素水平呈负相关.     

中老年人血清瘦素与脂联素水平及其相关危险因素研究

目的 探讨相对健康的中老年人血清瘦素与脂联素水平与心脑血管疾病危险因素的相关性.方法 从"广州生物库队列研究"中收集1515名相对健康的50岁及以上的中老年人个人资料及病史、体格检查并测定血清空腹血糖、血脂、瘦素和脂联素的水平.结果 (1)广州市1515名的血清瘦素水平(x-±s)男女性分别为(3.90±2.36)ng/ml和(12.17±2.01)ng/ml;脂联素水平男女性分别为(5.33±2.78)mg/L和(7.18±2.58)mg/L.(2)男女性血清瘦素和脂联素水平均随年龄增长而升高;在调整BMI后,男性瘦素水平仍随年龄增长而显著升高(趋势检验P＜0.001),而女性其脂联素水平也随年龄增长而显著升高(趋势检验P＜0.05).(3)在调整年龄后,男女性血清瘦素和脂联素水平均与吸烟状态无明显相关(P=0.09～0.76).(4)血清瘦素水平,男女性均随腰围、BMI、SBP、LDL-C和TG增加而显著升高(P=0.04,＜0.001),同时还随男性的DBP和空腹血糖升高及HDL-C降低而显著升高(P=0.03～0.02).(5)血清脂联素水平男女性均随腹围以及TG升高而下降(P=0.003,＜0.001),而男性血清脂联素水平还随BMI与空腹血糖升高及HDL-C水平下降而下降(P=0.05,＜0.001),女性则随SBP和TC上升而下降(P=0.05～0.006).结论 广州市相对健康的中老年人血清瘦素和脂联索水平男性比女性低;男性瘦素水平和女性脂联素水平同年龄增加呈显著相关.血清瘦素升高和脂联素下降与传统心脑血管危险因素上升有关.     

2型糖尿病肾病患者血清瘦素和脂联素检测的研究

目的研究2型糖尿病肾病患者(DN)血清瘦素和脂联素水平,为进一步阐明DN的病理过程提供依据。方法选择87例2型糖尿病(DM)患者以及30例健康对照,根据尿白蛋白排泄量将糖尿病患者分为3组:<30mg/d的单纯DM组(32例),30～300mg/d的早期DN组(28例),>300mg/d的临床DN组(26例)。采用放射免疫法检测各组血清瘦素和脂联素水平,并比较各组差异。结果1)4组之间在平均年龄、性别比例、体重指数(BMI)等方面差异无显著性(P>0.05)。2)临床DN组患者血清瘦素和脂联素水平最高,分别为(15.29±4.03)μg/L和(11.32±2.13)mg/L,显著高于单纯DM、早期DN以及健康对照组(单纯DM组:(7.12±3.01)μg/L和(5.81±1.03)mg/L;早期DN组:(11.23±3.31)μg/L和(6.31±1.99)mg/L;健康对照组:(6.12±2.31)μg/L和(4.25±1.62)mg/L,P均<0.001);且早期DN组血清瘦素和脂联素水平显著高于单纯DM和健康对照组(P<0.05～0.001)。3)DN组血清瘦素和脂联素与尿蛋白排泄量呈显著正相关(r=0.515和r=0.453,P<0.05)。结论2型糖尿病肾病患者血清瘦素和脂联素水平升高,并与病程相关。     

急性脑梗死患者血清脂联素与C反应蛋白和同型半胱氨酸的相关性研究

目的 观察急性脑梗死患者血清脂联素与CRP和Hcy的相关性,进一步探讨其发病机制.方法 测定80例急性脑梗死患者(脑梗死组)和80例健康者(对照组)的血清脂联素、hs-CRP、Hcy、血脂、FPG和血压等指标.结果 急性脑梗死患者的血清hs-CRP、Hcy、TG和收缩压显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),血清脂联素显著低于对照组(P＜0.05).脂联素与Hcy(r=-0.453)、hs-CRP(r=-0.397)、TG(r=-0.321)、FPG(r=-0.318)和收缩压(r=-0.288)呈负相关(P＜0.05).结论 脂联素与Hcy和hs-CRP、糖脂代谢和血压相互影响,共同参与急性脑梗死发生发展的病理生理过程.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the correlation between adiponectin, CRP and homocysteine (Hcy) and evaluate its mechanism in acute cerebral infarction. Methods Serum adiponectin, hs-CRP,Hcy, blood lipid, FPG and blood pressure were measured in eighty patients with acute cerebral infarction ( cerebral infarction group) and eighty healthy persons ( control group). Results In cerebral infarction group, serum hs-CRP, Hcy, TG , and systolic pressure were significantly higher than in control group ( P ＜0. 05) , while serum adiponectin were significantly lower than in control group ( P ＜0. 05). Serum adiponectin levels were negatively correlated with Hcy( r = -0. 453) , hs-CRP ( r = -0. 397) ,TG( r = -0. 321) , FPG( r = -0. 318) and systolic pressure ( r = -0. 288). Conclusion There is correlation between adiponectin, Hcy, hs-CRP, glucose and lipid metabolism and blood pressure, which plays a role in occurrenc and development of acute cerebral infarction.     

青春期儿童血清瘦素脂联素与血脂水平的配对研究

目的探讨青春期儿童血清瘦素(LEP)、脂联素(ADIPO)与血脂的关系,为心血管疾病的早期预防提供线索。方法选取13～14岁肥胖和体重正常儿童共73对,用放射免疫法测血清LEP,用酶联免疫法测血清ADIPO,用酶比色法测三酰甘油(TG)及总胆固醇(TC),用沉淀法测高密度脂蛋白(HDL)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL),进行配对分析。结果肥胖组儿童血清LEP(24.011±6.831)μg/L,TG(1.574±0.889)mmol/L水平高于对照组(12.542±6.565)μg/L,(0.913±0.362)mmol/L(P值均=0.000);ADIPO(4.074±2.493)μg/mL,HDL(1.115±0.256)mmol/L水平低于对照组(5.526±3.194)μg/mL,(1.404±0.331)mmol/L(P值均0.01)。女童血清LEP与LDL呈正相关(r=0.246,P=0.043),与HDL呈负相关(r=-0.438,P=0.000);男童血清LEP与TG(r=0.518,P=0.000),TC(r=0.284,P=0.012)均呈正相关,与HDL呈负相关(r=-0.353,P=0.002),ADIPO与HDL呈正相关(r=0.253,P=0.025)。结论青春期肥胖儿童存在瘦素、脂联素和血脂代谢紊乱,瘦素较脂联素与血脂有明显的相关性。     

血清趋化素、瘦素、脂联素浓度与学龄前单纯性肥胖儿童糖脂代谢的关系

目的 研究血清趋化素、瘦素、脂联素水平与3~6岁学龄前期儿童单纯性肥胖及代谢的关系,为学龄前单纯性肥胖儿童临床监测及治疗效果提供依据。方法 选取2019年1月—2020年5月于大连市妇幼保健院儿童保健门诊体检的3~6岁儿童为研究对象,获取单纯性肥胖儿童41例作为研究组,另获取同年龄、同时期儿童43例作为对照组。测量其身高和体重,并计算身高别体重;测定血清趋化素、瘦素、脂联素、空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-c)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-c),同时计算胰岛素抵抗指数。结果 单纯性肥胖组的FINS、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR),LDL-c,血清趋化素,瘦素明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=3.288、2.927、4.939、3.078、5.456,P＜0.05),HDL-c,脂联素明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=-5.179、-3.145,P＜0.05)。而两组FPG、TG、TC差异无统计学意义(t=0.391、0.768、-0.266,P＞0.05); 趋化素与身高别体重、FINS、HOMA-IR、 LDL-c、瘦素呈正相关(r=0.339、0.416、0.227、0.376、0.266,P＜0.05),与HDL-c、脂联素呈负相关(r=-0.410、-0.309,P＜0.05)。瘦素与身高别体重、FINS、HOMA-IR、 LDL-c、趋化素呈正相关(r=0.492、0.375、0.279、0.269、0.266,P＜0.05),与HDL-c、脂联素呈负相关(r=-0.467、-0.326,P＜0.05)。脂联素与身高别体重、FINS、HOMA-IR,LDL-c、趋化素、瘦素呈负相关(r=-0.296、-0.351、-0.278、-0.229、-0.309、-0.326,P＜0.05),与HDL-c呈正相关(r=0.234,P=0.032)。结论 血清趋化素、瘦素、脂联素水平与学龄前单纯性肥胖儿童糖脂代谢密切相关,这些指标对于识别、监测、干预学龄前单纯性肥胖儿童有着重要意义。     

冠心病患者载脂蛋白A V与脂联素关系研究

目的 探讨冠心病患者血清载脂蛋白(Apo)AV与脂联素之间的关系.方法 检测59例冠心病患者(冠心病组)和40例对照者(对照组)的血清总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、ApoA I、ApoB,同时采用酶联免疫吸附法测定血清ApoAV和脂联素水平.结果 冠心病组血清TG显著高于对照组[(1.79±1.28)mmol/L比(1.27±0.79)mmol/L],HDL-C显著低于对照组[(1.17±0.25)mmol/L比(1.29±0.26)mmol/L],ApoAV显著低于对照组[(186.71±78.20)μg/L比(250.29±110.38)μg/L],脂联素亦显著低于对照组[(3.81±0.15)mg,L比(5.33±0.37)mg/L],P<0.05或<0.01.ApoAV与TG呈负相关 r=-0.208,P=0.040),与HDL-C(r=0.241,P=0.016)、脂联素(r=0.238,P=0.018)呈正相关.结论 冠心病患者血清ApoAV和脂联素水平降低,TG水平增高.ApoAV与脂联素共同影响动脉粥样硬化的发展.     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.