MSCT与气钡双重造影在小肠不明原因出血中的诊断价值

目的 评价多层螺旋CT扫描结合小肠气钡双重造影检查在小肠出血诊断中的价值.方法 对我院经胃镜及结肠镜检查未能明确的消化道出血患者行腹部CT并结合小肠气钡双重造影检查.结果 腹部多层螺旋CT检查及小肠气钡双重造影检查的诊断符合率分别为74.1％及55.2％.结论 采用腹部螺旋CT检查结合小肠气钡双重造影检查可以提高小肠出血的诊断符合率.     

胃肠道平滑肌类肿瘤的气钡双重造影与CT诊断对照研究

目的通过对胃肠道平滑肌类肿瘤的气钡双重造影与CT诊断对照研究分析，探讨胃肠道平滑肌瘤与平滑肌肉瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断中的一些问题。资料与方法收集经手术病理证实的胃肠道平滑肌类肿瘤20例，包括平滑肌瘤14例，平滑肌肉瘤6例。20例均行胃肠道气钡双重造影检查，10例行螺旋CT平扫及双期增强扫描。结果6例食管平滑肌瘤包括腔内型和腔外型各3例，气钡双重造影表现为腔内充盈缺损和黏膜皱襞受压推移，4例边缘呈“屋檐征”。11例胃部平滑肌类肿瘤包括腔内型7例，腔外型和腔内外型各2例，气钡双重造影表现为腔内充盈缺损，CT表现为腔内或腔内外软组织块影。3例小肠平滑肌肉瘤包括腔内型1例及腔内外型2例，CT表现为小肠区多个不规则肿块，密度不均匀。结论气钡双重造影是胃肠道平滑肌类肿瘤基本的首选检查方法，CT作为重要的补充检查特别是对于腔外型和腔内外型病变，二者结合使用弥补了单一方法的不足，提高了对胃肠道平滑肌类肿瘤的诊断价值，并对平滑肌瘤和平滑肌肉瘤鉴别诊断有较大帮助。     

数字化小肠气钡造影在小肠病变中的诊断价值

目的 评价数字化小肠气钡造影在诊断小肠病变中的用途。方法 22例经手术病理证实的小肠病变，其中，恶性病变10例，良性病变12例，均经数字化小肠气钡造影。结果 在22例患者中，数字化小肠气钡造影正确诊断19例，1例空肠腺癌被误诊为炎症，2例空肠增殖性结核被误诊为恶性占位性病变。诊断敏感性、特异性、准确率、阳性预测值以及阴性预测值分别为80%，92%，87%，89%以及92%。结论 数字化小肠气钡造影对小肠病变具有较高的诊断与鉴别诊断能力，对临床上疑有小肠病变的患者应作为首选方法。     

小肠原发性肿瘤的影像诊断(附30例分析)

目的:探讨小肠原发性肿瘤的影像学特征及检查方法。方法:30例均行口服法小肠气钡双对比造影检查,其中2例行CT扫描,1例行MRI检查,全部病例均经手术病理证实。结果:30例中,腺癌9例,平滑肌肉瘤5例,腺瘤或息肉7例,类癌、间质瘤、管状腺瘤、神经节细胞瘤各2例,血管瘤1例。发生于十二指肠15例,空肠13例、回肠2例。恶性肿瘤多表现为:肠黏膜破坏,腔内或腔外不规则龛影,肠管局限性狭窄,壁僵硬,蠕动消失。良性肿瘤多表现为:肠腔内圆形、卵圆形充盈缺损,边缘光滑,形态可变,黏膜平坦。肠壁软,蠕动正常。肿瘤向肠腔外生长者B超、CT、MRI检查占有优势。结论:对临床疑诊为原发性小肠肿瘤者应首选小肠气钡双对比造影检查,小肠双对比造影检查与CT扫描相结合可提高诊断准确率。     

影像学检查对胃肠道间质瘤诊断价值的临床分析

目的探讨胃肠道间质瘤的影像学诊断价值。方法对11例经手术病理确诊的胃肠道间质瘤进行回顾性分析。10例行胃肠道气钡双重造影,4例行CT检查,2例行肠系膜上动脉造影,7例行电子纤维内镜检查。结果肿瘤位于胃部7例,小肠2例,食管上段及食管下段至贲门各1例。病灶检出率:胃肠道气钡双重造影100%,CT检查75%,肠系膜上动脉造影100%,内窥镜检查100%。结论气钡双重造影和内窥镜检查是胃肠道间质瘤筛选的重要方法,CT检查和动脉血管造影对胃肠道间质瘤向腔外生长型定位及判断良恶性有一定价值。     

消化道平滑肌类肿瘤的X线钡餐造影与CT诊断

目的：探讨胃肠道平滑肌类肿瘤的X线钡餐造影表现与CT特征以及平滑肌瘤与平滑肌肉瘤鉴别诊断中的一些问题。资料与方法。搜集经手术病理证实的胃肠道平滑肌类肿瘤15例，包括平滑肿瘤11例，平滑肌肉瘤4例，13例行胃肠道气钡双重造影检查，6例行螺旋CT平扫及双期增强扫描。结果：4例食管平滑肌瘤包括腔内型和腔外型各2例，X线钡餐造影表现为腔内充盈缺损和粘膜皱襞受压推移，3例边缘呈“屋檐征”，9例胃部平滑肌类肿瘤包括腔内型5型，腔外型和腔内外型各2例，X线钡餐造影表现为腔内充盈缺损，4例胃平滑肿瘤（4／7）有“桥”形皱襞形成，CT表现为腔内或腔内外软组织肿块影，1例胃平滑肌瘤密度均匀，2例平滑肌肉瘤密度不均匀，2例小肠平滑肌肉瘤均为腔内外型，CT扫描表现为小肠区多个不规则肿块，密度不均匀。结论：X线钡餐造影是胃肠道平滑肌类肿瘤基本的首选检查方法，CT作为重要的补充检查特别是对于腔外型和腔内外型病变，二者结合使用弥补了单一方法的不足，提高了对胃肠道平滑肌类肿瘤的诊断价值，并对平滑肌瘤和平滑肌肉瘤鉴别诊断有较大帮助。     

小肠腺癌的气钡双对比造影诊断

本文搜集经病理手术证实的小肠腺癌20例,进行分析,旨在探讨小肠气钡双重造影对小肠腺癌的诊断价值.1 材料与方法1.1 临床资料搜集我院2004年～2009年临床及影像资料完整经病理证实的小肠腺癌20例,其中十二指肠10例,空肠4例,回肠6例.男12例,女8例,年龄48～80岁,平均年龄67.5岁.     

改良法小肠气钡双对比造影

在胃肠疾病诊断中,小肠病变是唯一只能依赖X 线检查而不能用其他检查手段替代,因此提高小肠气钡双对比造影质量对发现小肠病变尤为重要.常规口服法因钡多气少,主要显示充盈像,对管腔内细小病变显示欠佳,并且因肠袢重叠易遗漏病变;插管法虽然能取得良好的双对比效果,但操作复杂,患者难以耐受[4～6].笔者在实践中参照Phillips[1～3]的报道,使用小肠改良法气钡双重造影能较满意地显示小肠的气钡双对比像.     

小肠间质肿瘤钡餐造影与CT扫描对照分析

目的 评价钡餐造影和CT扫描诊断小肠间质肿瘤的价值。资料与方法 分析11例经手术病理证实的小肠间质肿瘤的影像学资料。结果 良性间质肿瘤4例，恶性间质肿瘤7例。以空肠最多见（6/11）。钡餐造影主要表现为黏膜变平。环状皱襞消失或破坏。肠腔偏侧性狭窄，出现钡斑或窦道样改变，腔内充盈缺损，CT检查均确诊为小肠肿瘤，主要征象为腔外不规则肿块，肿块内多灶性低密度坏死区。结论 小肠间质肿瘤并非罕见，对临床疑为此症者应首选胃肠钡剂造影。CT是明确诊断的主要影像检查技术。并可为手术治疗进一步明确病变范围。     

小肠不全性梗阻的钡剂造影(附23例分析)

目的　探讨钡剂造影对小肠病变所致梗阻的诊断价值。方法　对 2 3例经手术证实的因小肠病变所致不全性梗阻患者行钡餐及小肠插管注钡造影进行回顾性分析。结果　 2 3例小肠梗阻患者中 ,恶性病变 14例 ,良性病变 9例。结论　对小肠病变所致不全性梗阻 ,钡餐及小肠插管气钡双重造影检查均有重要的诊断价值。     

原发性回盲部恶性淋巴瘤的影像学检查

目的 评价气钡灌肠造影和CT扫描对回盲部恶性淋巴瘤检查的效果。方法 收集并分析了4例经术后病理证实回盲部恶性淋巴瘤的影像资料，其中，3例行气钡灌肠造影，1例行CT扫描。结果 气钡灌肠造影显示2例回盲部黏膜被推压、拉长变细或展平，1例黏膜紊乱、粗糙僵直、交织成风格状。2例肿块单发（圆形和葫芦形）、1例多发（圆形），直径0．4cm～10．0cm，边缘光滑。2例诊断回盲部占位，1例疑诊本病。1例h（增强）扫描见回盲部肠腔“夹心饼”样狭窄，肿块分叶界清，密度呈均匀中度增加，诊断回盲部恶性肿瘤。结论 气钡灌肠造影可清楚显示回盲部黏膜改变，明确黏膜下肿物大小、数目、形态及病段肠功能变化。CT扫描可显示更有价值的征象，两种技术联合应用，可获得更多的影像信息。     

食管结核的影像学诊断(附5例报告)

目的　探讨食管结核的影像学表现 ,提高对该病的认识。方法　回顾性分析 5例经病理证实的食管结核 ,男 2例 ,女 3例 ,年龄 2 4～ 3 6岁 ,平均 2 9岁。 5例均行食管钡剂造影、CT和电子纤维胃镜检查 ,1例行手术治疗。结果　食管钡剂造影示 :食管上段 1例 ,中段 3例 ,下段 1例 ,表现为充盈缺损 2例 ,向心性狭窄 2例 ,腔内点状钡斑 1例 ,腔外不规则窦道形成 1例。黏膜纹破坏2例 ,平坦或消失 3例。胸部CT平扫 :1例左肺下叶后基底段支气管扩张 ,右肺门增大 ,右胸壁有小结节 ;1例食管下段管壁不规则增厚 ;1例胸膜肥厚粘连 ;2例未见明显异常。术前影像学误诊 3例 ,正确诊断 2例。结论　食管结核缺乏影像学的特点 ,诊断应密切结合临床。     

小儿肠重复畸形的影像学诊断

目的 提高对肠重复畸形的术前影像学认识及诊断水平。材料与方法 结合文献回顾性分析11例经手术和病理证实的肠重复畸形影像学表现、临床和病理特点。结果 11例肠重复畸形中,空肠2例,回肠8例,结肠1例,全部为囊肿型。其中,1例有细孔与回肠相通,同时有异位胃粘膜,1例囊肿穿孔,2例伴发炎症,与周围组织粘连。肠重复畸形9例位于系膜侧,2例位于系膜对侧。X线平片及钡餐见肠管受压移位,充盈钡剂的肠管勾划出肿块轮廓。超声示腹腔内囊性肿块,周围有蠕动的肠管包绕,其中1例并发感染,边缘模糊,壁厚。抗炎治疗后肿块缩小。CT扫描：低密度单房囊性肿块,壁较厚,增强扫描囊壁可强化。推移囊肿后位置可发生一定变化。结论 通过对多种影像学检查的综合分析并紧密结合临床,可提高肠重复畸形的术前诊断水平。     

Multidetector CT of the small bowel: evaluation after oral hyperhydration with isotonic solution

PURPOSE: The aim of our study was to assess the diagnostic capabilities of multidetector CT in the evaluation of the small bowel in different pathological conditions, with the use of oral hyperhydration with isotonic solution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study retrospectively evaluated 106 patients who underwent multidetector CT of the small bowel. Four groups were considered on the basis of the clinical findings: group A (48 cases), with suspected or certain chronic inflammatory disease of the small bowel; group B (16 cases), with suspected neoplastic lesion of the small bowel; group C (17 cases), patients affected by malabsorption; group D (25 cases), others: 13 cases with non-specific abdominal pain, 4 cases with occult bleeding, 8 cases affected by fever of unknown origin. Thirteen patients had previously undergone surgical intestinal resection. In all cases the CT examination was performed after the oral administration of 2000 mL polyethylene glycol electrolyte balanced solution; before the scan, N-butyl scopolamine or glucagon were administered intravenously to obtain rapid inhibition of bowel peristalsis. All multidetector CT scans were acquired at baseline and 50 seconds after the I.V. administration of 110-130 ml high-concentration non-ionic iodinated contrast medium. The images were subsequently processed on a dedicated workstation (Advantage Windows 4.0, GE Medical Systems) to obtain multiplanar reconstruction (MPR). We considered the following CT findings: fold distribution, wall thickening and stratification and contrast enhancement, extraparietal involvement and abnormalities of the abdominal organs. The CT diagnoses were compared with the clinical and laboratory findings (86 cases) and with the results of barium follow-through (55 cases), ileo-colonoscopy (45 cases) or surgery (28 cases). RESULTS: CT examination allowed the correct diagnosis in 86/106 cases (89%); 20 patients were not included in the study because of a poor (11 cases) or absent (9 cases) small bowel loop distension. The final diagnoses in the 86 patients were: Crohn's disease of the small bowel (38 cases), Crohn's disease of the duodenum (1 case), granulomatous colitis (3 cases), malabsorption (8 cases), neoplastic lesion (4 cases), post-radiation conglomeration of ileal loops (1 case), intestinal lymphangiectasia (1 case), ulceration of the last ileal loop (1 case). In 29 cases no abnormalities of the small bowel were found. Spiral CT yielded 52 true positive cases, 5 false negative cases, 2 false positive cases, and 27 true negative RESULTS: The sensitivity of the technique was 91%, specificity 93% and diagnostic accuracy 92%. CONCLUSIONS: Multidetector CT of the small bowel performed after oral hyperhydration with isosmotic solution, proved to be an accurate and thorough technique. It can be considered a safe and effective alternative to conventional radiographic studies and to small bowel spiral CT enema in patients that refuse the nasojejunal balloon catheter or the administration of methylcellulose.     

消化道类癌的影像学诊断

目的:探讨消化道类癌的影像表现特点。方法:总结13例影像学检查资料完整并经手术病理证实的消化道类癌病例,检查方法包括消化道造影、CT和MRI检查。结果:13例肿瘤位于胃2例、十二指肠4例、阑尾1例、直肠6例。肿瘤直径小于2cm者8例,大于2cm者5例,最大者直径8cm。影像表现特点包括腔内占位病变、管腔变窄、管壁僵硬等。结论:消化道类癌在影像上的表现因缺少特异性而使得定性诊断困难,影像检查的目的是发现病灶、做出定位诊断、发现有无转移等异常,最后诊断仍需结合其它临床检查资料和病理检查。     

艾滋病合并肠管淋巴瘤X线、CT表现与病理

目的：探讨艾滋病合并肠管淋巴瘤的影像学特征表现与病理。方法：回顾性分析3例经活检及尸体解剖病理确诊的艾滋病合并肠管淋巴瘤患者的CT与病理资料。3例均经CT检查,其中2例经上消化道造影,1例钡剂灌肠造影。1例剖腹探查,切除部分增厚肠管组织病理证实,1例尸体解剖病理组织分析证实。结果：2例肠管淋巴瘤发生在空肠,1例发生在降结肠,影像与大体病理均表现为肠管壁不均匀增厚,管腔狭窄,充盈缺损,病理分型均为B细胞淋巴瘤。结论：艾滋病合并肠管B细胞淋巴瘤CT表现与病理符合度高。     

Crohn disease of the small bowel: spiral CT evaluation after oral hyperhydration with isotonic solution

PURPOSE: Our aim was to evaluate the accuracy of spiral CT study of small-bowel Crohn disease with use of oral hyperhydration with isoosmotic solution. METHOD: We prospectively analyzed 33 consecutive patients and 10 control subjects with spiral CT after oral administration of 2,000 ml of polyethylene glycol electrolyte-balanced solution. The CT diagnoses were compared with the results of conventional radiologic oral barium examination (33 cases), ileum colonoscopy (8 cases), and surgery (4 cases). RESULTS: The final diagnoses were Crohn disease (14 cases), no small-bowel disease (16 cases), cancer of ileocecal valve (1 case), carcinosis of mesenteric root (1 case), and intestinal lymphangiectasia (1 case). In the control group, no abnormalities of the small bowel were found. The sensitivity of spiral CT was 85.7%, specificity 100%, positive predictive value 100%, negative predictive value 90%, and diagnostic accuracy 93.9%. CONCLUSION: Our method allowed adequate distension of the small bowel for spiral CT studies, thus resulting in a safe and effective alternative to small-bowel spiral CT enema, which can be used in patients that refuse the nasojejunal balloon catheter.     

Role of Spiral and Multislice Computed Tomography in the evaluation of traumatic and spontaneous oesophageal perforation. Our experience

PURPOSE: To assess the role CT in the evaluation of traumatic and spontaneous oesophageal perforation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From March 2001 to May 2003, we studied 12 patients (7 males and 5 females; age range: 25-66 years, mean age: 43.5 years) with suspected oesophageal perforation due to motor-vehicle accidents (4 cases), stab wound (one case), post-intubation (2 cases), foreign body ingestion (2 cases) and spontaneous (3 cases). Five patients underwent standard chest and cervical radiography; two patients with suspected foreign body ingestion also underwent a gastrografin swallow study; all of the 12 patients underwent CT of the neck, chest and abdomen before and after intravenous, and in four cases oral, administration of contrast material. RESULTS: In 5 patients with cervical, thoracic and abdominal trauma, the CT examination showed the presence of pleuroparenchymal injury (pneumothorax, pleural effusion and subcutaneous emphysema) as well as findings suggestive of oesophageal perforation: peri-oesophageal air (5 cases), peri-oesophageal fluid (4 cases), oesophageal wall thickening (3 cases), oesophageal wall laceration (2 cases) with abnormal course of the nasogastric tube in one of them and extraluminal extravasation of oral contrast material (2 cases). In 2 patients with post-intubation complications, CT showed the presence of a small peri-oesophageal fluid collection containing small gas bubbles in one case, and a gross perioesophageal abscess-like collection in the second case. In the 2 patients with foreign body ingestion, the plain radiography associated with CT showed the presence of a thin metal object in the cervical region (fragment of a dental plate) and a small extraluminal extravasation of gastrografin in one case, whereas in the other case CT showed the presence of a foreign body (chicken bone) in the hypopharynx with oesophageal wall thickening and peri-oesophageal oedema. In the remaining three patients with suspected spontaneous oesophageal perforation, CT showed the presence of a intramural haematoma in one case, oesophageal fluid distension with gas and a small peri-oesophageal fluid effusion (Mallory-Weiss syndrome) in another, and oesophageal rupture (Boerhaave syndrome) in the last case. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience shows that in patients with suspected traumatic and spontaneous oesophageal perforation, standard cervical and chest radiography may suggest a suspected oesophageal perforation in only a small proportion of cases, whereas oral contrast oesophagography has a higher sensitivity. Through the careful analysis of suggestive and specific signs of oesophageal perforation, a correct CT examination enables an accurate and timely diagnosis which significantly affects prognosis and provides valuable indications for treatment.