重症急性胰腺炎预防性抗真菌治疗的临床研究

目的 探讨应用预防性抗真菌治疗是否可以降低重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)患者真菌感染的发生率及病死率.方法 选择2008年1月至2009年12月收治的40例存在真菌感染高危因素的SAP患者,按随机数字表法分为预防组和对照组,每组20例.对照组应用常规治疗,预防组除常规治疗外,应用氟康唑预防性抗真菌治疗.比较两组住院时间、真菌感染发生时间、真菌感染发生率以及病死率.结果 预防组与对照组比较,住院时间缩短[(40.3±15.4)d比(46.5±18.5)d],真菌感染发生时间较晚[(24.5±14.3)d比(14.5±12.7)d],真菌感染发生率低[15.0%(3/20)比35.O%(7/20)],病死率低[10.0%(2/20)比25.0%(5/20)],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 SAP患者预防性抗真菌治疗,缩短住院时间,延缓真菌感染发生时间,降低真菌感染发生率及患者病死率.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate whether prophylactic antifungal treatment will reduce the incidence of fungal infection(FI)and the mortality in severe acute pancreatitis(SAP).Methods Forty consecutive patients with SAP admitted from January 2008 to December 2009 were divided into prevention group and control group with 20 cases each by random digits table.The patients in prevention group underwent routine therapy plus intravenous fluconazol as prophylactic antifungal treatment,while routine therapy only in control group.The length of hospital stay,the time when FI occurred,the incidence of FI and mortality were compared with each other.Results Compared with control group,the length of hospital stay wag shorter[(40.3±15.4)d vs.(46.5±18.5)d],the time when FI occurred was slewer[(24.5±14.3)d vs. (14.5±12.7)d],the incidence of FI[15.0%(3/20)vs.35.0%(7/20)]and the mortality [10.0%(2/20)vs. 25.0%(5/20)]were lower in prevention group,there were significant differences between the two groups(P<0.05).Conclusion Prophylactic antifungal treatment can shorten the hospital stay,delay the FI occurrence,reduce the incidence of FI and the mortality in patients with SAP.     

煤工尘肺并发下呼吸道感染病原菌和耐药分析

目的 分析煤工尘肺并发下呼吸道感染病原菌和耐药情况,为临床治疗提供依据.方法 将对2009年1月至2010年lO月住院治疗的111例煤工尘肺并发感染患者分为行机械通气组(36例)和未行机械通气组(75例).两组患者均经纤维支气管镜(纤支镜)防污染毛刷取得下呼吸道标本进行病原菌分离培养鉴定及药敏试验.结果 未行机械通气组病原菌检出率为46.7%(35/75),机械通气组为88.9%(32/36),机械通气组病原菌检出率明显高于未行机械通气组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).未行机械通气组检出结核杆菌3例,G-杆菌27株,G+球菌3株,真菌2株;机械通气组检出G-杆菌26株,G+球菌3株,真菌3株.行机械通气组G-杆菌耐药率(78.8%)高于未行机械通气组(47.1%),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 煤工尘肺并发呼吸道感染的病原菌以G-杆菌为主,耐药现象严重,行机械通气组较未行机械通气组更严重.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the composition and resistance of main pathogens isolated form Lower respiratory tract in coalminer s pneumoconiosis patients complicated with infection to provide the basis for clinical treatment. Method Coalminer's pneumoconiosis patients complicated with infection during 2009to 2010 were divided into mechanical ventilation group and non mechanical ventilation group. Specimens were obtained from lower respiratory tract by fibrobronchoscopy with protected specimen brush in patients of both groups to perform isolation, culture, identification and susceptibility test of pathogen. Result Total 111patients were enrolled, 36 of them in mechanical ventilation group and 75 patients in non mechanical ventilation group. The pathogenic bacteria detection rate of patients in mechanical ventilation group was significantly higher than that of patients in non mechanical ventilation group( 88.9% vs. 46.7%, P＜0.01). In non mechanical ventilation group, Mycobacterium tuberculosis was detected in 3 patients, and 27 strains of G- bacilli, 3 strains of G+ coccus, and 2 strains of fungus; and 26 strains of G- bacilli, 3 strains of G+ coccus, and 3 strains of fungus were detected in mechanical ventilation group. There was no significant difference in term of strains between the two groups (P＞0.05). Rate of resistance to main antibiotics of patients in mechanical ventilation group was higher than that of patients in non mechanical ventilation group. Conclusion Resistance of pathogenic bacteria isolated from lower respiratory tract was severe in coalminer's pneumoconiosis patients complicated with infection, which was higher in patients treated with mechanical ventilation than patients without mechanical ventilation. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and fungal infection and increasing resistance prompted that clinicians must attach importance to rational drug use and keep to monitoring bacterial resistance.     

亚低温治疗急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者对炎性反应影响及肺保护作用的研究

Objective To explore the effect of mild hypothermia on inflammation status,lung function protection and clinical prognosis in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).Methods All of 56 patients with ARDS were randomly divided into two groups: trial group (29 patients,treatment with mild hypothermia) and control group (27 patients, treatment with common practice). The following parameters including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α,interleukin (IL)-6 and C reactive protein (CRP), oxygenation index, SOFA evaluation and injury of lungs evaluation were detemined before treatment and at the 3rd, 7th day after treatment, and survival rates and adverse reaction in 28 days also were observed.Results After treatment, the levels of TNF-α ,IL-6 and CRP were decreased significantly, and oxygenation index, the scores of SOFA evaluation and injury of lungs evaluation were improved significantly in trial group than those in control group (P<0.05 ). The survival rate in trial group was higher than that in control group after treatment of 28 days [65.5%(19/29) vs 51.9%(14/27)]. The courses of mechanical ventilation and staying in ICU in trial group were shorter than those in control group [(11.9±3.6)d vs (17.0±5.1)d,(14.1±4.2)d vs (21.5±7.7)d](P<0.05). Conclusion Mild hypothermia can effectively attenuate inflammation disorder, improve damaged lung function and prognosis in patients with ARDS.     

血液灌流结合连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过对急性百草枯中毒疗效的研究

Objective To explore the therapic effects of hemoperfusion (HP) with continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) on the patients with acute paraquat poisoning. Methods Nighty-one patients with acute paraquat poisoning were randomly divided into HP group (49 cases) and HP-CVVH group(42 cases). The mortality, survival duration and the death causes between the two groups were compared and analyzed. Results There were no significant differences in mortality (59.2% versus 61.9%) between the two groups. The mean time between poisoning and death in HP-CVVH group was (4.9±3.1) days, which was significantly longer than that (3.5 ±2.0) days in HP group (P＜0.05).The death proportion on 4th day after poisoning in HP group was 62.1%(18/29), which was significantly higher than that (30.8%, 8/26) in HPCVVH group (P＜0.05). The hypoxia appeared in 4.3±2.5 days after poisoning in HP-CVVH group, which was significantly longer than that (3.2±1.9) days in HP group (P＜0.05). The mortality due to respiratory failure in HP group was 20.4%(10/49),which was significantly lower than that (40.5%, 17/42) in HP-CVVH group (P＜0.05). The incidence of acute renal failure in HP group was 63.3%(31/49), which was significantly higher than that (40.5%,17/42) in HP-CVYH group (P＜0.05). Conclusion The combined therapy of HP and CVVH can prevent the patients with acute paraquat poisoning from early death and prolong the survival duration, but can not reduce mortality for the patients with acute paraquat poisoning.     

亚低温治疗急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者对炎性反应影响及肺保护作用的研究

Objective To explore the effect of mild hypothermia on inflammation status,lung function protection and clinical prognosis in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).Methods All of 56 patients with ARDS were randomly divided into two groups: trial group (29 patients,treatment with mild hypothermia) and control group (27 patients, treatment with common practice). The following parameters including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α,interleukin (IL)-6 and C reactive protein (CRP), oxygenation index, SOFA evaluation and injury of lungs evaluation were detemined before treatment and at the 3rd, 7th day after treatment, and survival rates and adverse reaction in 28 days also were observed.Results After treatment, the levels of TNF-α ,IL-6 and CRP were decreased significantly, and oxygenation index, the scores of SOFA evaluation and injury of lungs evaluation were improved significantly in trial group than those in control group (P<0.05 ). The survival rate in trial group was higher than that in control group after treatment of 28 days [65.5%(19/29) vs 51.9%(14/27)]. The courses of mechanical ventilation and staying in ICU in trial group were shorter than those in control group [(11.9±3.6)d vs (17.0±5.1)d,(14.1±4.2)d vs (21.5±7.7)d](P<0.05). Conclusion Mild hypothermia can effectively attenuate inflammation disorder, improve damaged lung function and prognosis in patients with ARDS.     

地塞米松在预防新生儿湿肺中的应用价值

目的 探讨足月选择性剖宫产中地塞米松对新生儿湿肺的预防效果.方法 按照随机数字表法将孕周＜39周足月选择性剖宫产孕妇200例分为试验组和对照组各100例,试验组产前予地塞米松24h至7 d,每次6mg肌肉注射,每12 h 1次,共4次.对照组予0.9%氯化钠肌肉注射,方法同上.采集两组孕妇的一般临床资料、新生儿湿肺的发生情况.结果 新生儿湿肺发生率:试验组1%(1/100),对照组9%(9/100);重症新生儿湿肺发生率:试验组1%(1/100),对照组2%(2/100);并发症:试验组0例,对照组1例.试验组新生儿湿肺发生率和重症新生儿湿肺发生率明显低于对照组(P=0.009、0.049),同时并发症少.结论 产前地塞米松干预足月选择性剖宫产孕妇,能减少新生儿湿肺的发生率,降低重症新生儿湿肺及并发症的发生率.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the effect of the prenatal dexamethasone treatment on the preventionof wet lung syndrome in the newborn of elective caesarean section at term. Methods Two hundred cases of elective caesarean section at term (the gestation age was less than 39 weeks) were divided into observation group and control group,with 100 cases in each by random digits table. Observation group was treated with four intramuscular injections of 6 mg dexamethasone in the 24 hours to 7 days before delivery, and control group was treated with 0.9% sodium chloride injection with the same method. The clinical data and the incidence of the wet lung syndrome of the newborn were collected. Results The incidence of the wet lung syndrome of the newborn was 1%(1/100) in observation group and 9%(9/100) in control group,and the incidence of the severity of the wet lung syndrome of the newborn was 1% ( 1/100) in observation group and 2%(2/100) in control group. There were no complication in observation group and 1 case in control group.The incidence and the severity of the wet lung syndrome of the newborn in observation group were less than that in control group significantly (P = 0.009,0.049). Conclusion Prenatal dexamethasone treatment can reduce the incidence of the wet lung syndrome of the newborn and decrease the incidence of the severity and complication of elective caesarean section at term.     

无创间歇正压通气治疗尘肺并发呼吸衰竭的疗效观察

Objective To evaluate the value of noninvasive intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (NIPPV) in treatment of patients with pneumonoconiosis combined with respiratory failure. Method There were 46 inpatients with pneumonoconiosis combined with respiratory failure. Tetwenty-six inpatients treated with conventional therapy and NIPPV were categorized as treatment group; Tetwenty inpatients just treated by conventional therapy served as control group. Compared with the changes of HR、RR and arterial blood gas index (PH、PaCO2、PaO2) in two groups after treatment. Results The effective ratio of treatment group was 88.5%, control group was 60%, which had significant difference (P＜0.05); The HR in treatment group after treatment was(95.38±10.75)beats per minute, control group was [(103.00±12.56)beats per minute; The RR in treatment group was (21.69±1.37) breaths per minute, control group was [(22.60± 1.57)breaths per minute];The PaCO2 in treatment group was (52.88±10.75)mm Hg, control group was [(59.66± 11.49)mm Hg];All of those were significantly decreased than those in control group (P＜0.05). The PaO2 in treatment group was (100.77±25.3)mm Hg, control group was [(71.82±17.94) mmHg];Compared with the control group, PaO2 in the treatment group increased significantly (P＜0.05). Conclusion NIPPV is beneficial to pneumonoconiosis combined with respiratory failure in different degrees.     

不同营养支持方式对重症急性胰腺炎患者肠道菌群失调的影响分析

目的 探讨不同营养支持方式对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)患者肠道菌群失调的影响.方法 将2003年1月至2010年6月收治的66例SAP患者按随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组,每组33例,分别接受肠内营养和全胃肠外营养支持治疗,观察并比较两组患者肠道菌群失调的发生情况.结果 经营养支持治疗后,研究组大肠埃希菌和肠球菌的数量明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌的数量则显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).研究组肠道菌群失调的发生率为24.2%(8/33),显著低于对照组的51.5%(17/33),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 肠内营养支持较单独全胃肠外营养支持能减少SAP患者肠道菌群失调的发生.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the influence of different nutritional support ways on intestinal dysbacteriosis in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).Methods Sixty-six patients with SAP from January 2003 to June 2010 were divided into study group and control group according to random digits table,33 cases in each group,they were treated with enteral nutrition and total parenteral alimentation support treatment respectively and the incidence of intestinal dysbacteriosis was observed and compared.Results In 7 - 10 d after the onset of SAP,the number of escherichia coli and enterococci in study group were significantly lower than those in control group,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05 );the number of bifidobacterium and lactobacillus were significantly higher than those in control group (P ＜ 0.05 ).A total of 25 patients in both groups occurred intestinal dysbacteriosis,the total incidence was 37.9%,the incidence in study group was 24.2% (8/33) and which was significantly lower than that in control group [51.5%( 17/33 )](P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion Enteral nutrition support treatment can reduce the incidence of intestinal dysbacteriosis in patients with SAP,its efficacy is better than parenteral nutrition.     

无创间歇正压通气治疗尘肺并发呼吸衰竭的疗效观察

目的 探讨无创间歇正压通气(NIPPV)治疗尘肺并发呼吸衰竭的疗效.方法 将46例尘肺并发呼吸衰竭患者随机分为治疗组26例和对照组20例.对照组采用常规治疗方法,治疗组在常规治疗的基础上,联合NIPPV治疗,比较两组患者治疗后心率、呼吸频率和PH、二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)、氧分压(PaO2)的变化.结果 治疗组治疗有效率为88.5%(23/26),对照组为60%(12/20),两组治疗有效率的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);治疗后治疗组患者心率为(95.38±10.75)次/min,较对照组[(103.00±12.56)次/min]下降;治疗组呼吸频率[(21.69±1.37):次/min]较对照组[(22.60±1.57)次/min]减慢;治疗组PaCO2[(52.88±10.75)mmHg]比对照组[(59.66±11.49)mm Hg]降低;治疗组PaO2[(100.77±25.3)mm Hg]较对照组[(71.82±17.94 mm Hg]明显升高;两组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 NIPPV对治疗尘肺并发呼吸衰竭患者有效,可提高治疗有效率,改善动脉血PaO2和PaCO2.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the value of noninvasive intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (NIPPV) in treatment of patients with pneumonoconiosis combined with respiratory failure. Method There were 46 inpatients with pneumonoconiosis combined with respiratory failure. Tetwenty-six inpatients treated with conventional therapy and NIPPV were categorized as treatment group; Tetwenty inpatients just treated by conventional therapy served as control group. Compared with the changes of HR、RR and arterial blood gas index (PH、PaCO2、PaO2) in two groups after treatment. Results The effective ratio of treatment group was 88.5%, control group was 60%, which had significant difference (P＜0.05); The HR in treatment group after treatment was(95.38±10.75)beats per minute, control group was [(103.00±12.56)beats per minute; The RR in treatment group was (21.69±1.37) breaths per minute, control group was [(22.60± 1.57)breaths per minute];The PaCO2 in treatment group was (52.88±10.75)mm Hg, control group was [(59.66± 11.49)mm Hg];All of those were significantly decreased than those in control group (P＜0.05). The PaO2 in treatment group was (100.77±25.3)mm Hg, control group was [(71.82±17.94) mmHg];Compared with the control group, PaO2 in the treatment group increased significantly (P＜0.05). Conclusion NIPPV is beneficial to pneumonoconiosis combined with respiratory failure in different degrees.     

快速康复方案在肛肠外科围手术期的临床研究

目的 研究快速康复方案在肛肠外科围手术期的安全性及有效性.方法 将169例结直肠、肛管恶性肿瘤围手术期患者按随机数字表法分为快速康复治疗方案组(观察组)86例与传统治疗方案组(对照组)83例,比较两组患者术后开始下床活动时间、首次肠道排气时间、停止静脉输液时间、住院时间、治疗费用及术后并发症的发生情况.结果 观察组术后首次肠道排气时间(33.6±12.9)h,停止静脉输液时间(4.5±1.3)d,住院时间(5.6±1.2)d,治疗费用(1.5±0.3)万元,对照组分别为(81.7±20.1)h、(7.4±1.6)d、(8.9±2.7)d、(1.6±0.4)万元,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01或＜0.05);观察组术后并发症的发生率[5.8%(5/86)]明显低于对照组[16.9%(14/83)](P＜0.05).结论 快速康复方案在肛肠外科围手术期的应用安全、有效、有益.

Abstract：

Objective To study the safety and efficacy of fast track program in anorectal surgery perioperative period. Methods One hundred and sixty-nine cases of rectal cancer were divided into the study group of 86 patients with fast track program, and the control group of 83 patients with traditional programs by random digits table. Both groups were compared from the time out of bed, the first intestinal discharge time,intravenous fluids stopping time,length of hospital stay,total cost of treatment and the incidence of postoperative complications. Results The study group compared with the control group: the first intestinal discharge time [(33.6 ± 12.9) h vs. (81.7 ± 20.1) h], intravenous fluids stopping time [(4.5 ±1.3) d vs.(7.4 ± 1.6) d],and length of hospital stay [(5.6 ± 1.2) d vs.(8.9 ±2.7) d],the total cost of treatment [(15 000 ± 3000) yuan vs. (16 000 ± 4000) yuan], the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01 or ＜ 0.05),and had less incidence of postoperative complications in study group than that in control group [5.8% (5/86) vs. 16.9% (14/83)], the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Fast track program in anorectal surgery perioperative period is safe and effective, beneficial,conducive to rehabilitation of patients.     

谷氨酰胺对新生儿临床结局的影响

目的 评价肠内、肠外补充谷氨酰胺对新生儿临床结局的影响.方法 采用平行、随机、双盲、对照试验,将100例新牛儿随机分为5组,分别为对照组(常规肠外营养组)、肠外谷氨酰胺1组[肠外营养1组,在常规肠外营养中静脉补充谷氨酰胺0.3 g/(kg·d),其中谷氨酰胺取代了处方中相应氨基酸的量]、肠内谷氨酰胺Ⅰ组[肠内营养1组,口服添加谷氨酰胺0.3 g/(kg·d),谷氨酰胺取代了常规肠外营养中相应氨基酸的量]、肠外谷氨酰胺2组[肠外营养2组,在常规肠外营养中静脉补充谷氨酰胺0.3 g/(kg·d)]、肠内谷氨酰胺2组[肠内营养2组,口服添加谷氨酰胺0.3 g/(kg·d)],每组20例,对照组按照常规给予肠外营养支持,氨基酸的剂量按照中国新生儿营养支持临床应用指南给予[从1.0～2.0 g/(kg·d)开始,增至3.5 g/(kg·d)].首要终点指标为达到全肠内喂养日龄[标准配方摄入量≥120ml/(kg·d)]、胃潴留次数、完全脱离肠外营养时间和死亡率.次要终点指标为体重变化和头围变化、肝功能、肾功能、呼吸机应用天数、住院天数.结果 5组患儿达到全肠内喂养日龄、胃潴留次数及脱离肠外营养时间差异均无显著性.患儿肝肾功能水平及体重增长、头围增长、抗生素应用天数、住院天数差异均无显著性(P＞0.05).肠外谷氨酰胺1组和2组较对照组呼吸机应用天数显著减少(P＜0.05).死亡率通过意向性分析显示,与对照组比较,肠外谷氨酰胺1组RR为1.053,95%CI为0.952～1.164;肠内谷氨酰胺1组RR为1.333,95%CI为1.035～1.717;肠外谷氨酰胺2组RR为1.053,95%CI为0.952～1.164;肠内谷氨酰胺2组RR为1.25,95%CI为1.004～1.556.结论 补充谷氨酰胺未能缩短达到全肠内喂养天数、减少胃潴留次数、缩短全肠外营养应用时间;肠外补充谷氨酰胺可以减少新生儿呼吸机应用大数.新生儿肠外补充谷氨酰胺对患儿住院期间的死亡率无明显影响.     

肺表面活性物质对极低体重早产儿肺透明膜病的预防作用

目的探讨肺表面活性物质预防极低体重早产儿发生肺透明膜病的效果。方法符合标准的肺透明膜病高危患儿95例分为两组。预防组53例,在常规治疗的基础上给予肺表面活性物质,其余42例为对照组,仅采用常规治疗,观察比较两组患儿发病率、死亡率以及机械通气率,比较两组患儿的pH值以及PCO2、PO2值。结果预防组的发病率13.21%、机械通气率3.77%以及死亡率1.89%均低于对照组的50%、38.1%、14.29%,P﹤0.05;预防组的pH值7.452±0.091、PCO2(44.72±12.15)mmHg、PO2(85.23±32.74)mmHg优于对照组的pH值7.125±0.064、PCO2(51.62±10.37)mmHg、PO2(41.23±9.71)mmHg,P﹤0.05。结论应用肺表面活性物质能够有效地预防肺透明膜病,尤其是在极低体重的早产儿中,预防性使用肺表面活性物质能够降低发病率以及死亡率。     

集束化治疗对心脏直视术后呼吸机相关性肺炎的临床效果

目的 分析集束化治疗对心脏直视术后呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)的疗效.方法 对医院心脏外科重症监护病房(CSICU)2008年1月-2010年12月收治的心脏直视术后机械通气患者作为集束化治疗组进行前瞻性研究,对所有患者均采取医护人员采取严格洗手、床头抬高35～40度、加强口咽部护理、定期更换呼吸机管道等集束化治疗措施;以2005年1月-2007年12月心脏直视术后的患者作为对照组,比较两组患者VAP发病率,VAP患者的机械通气时间、CSICU入住时间和死亡率.结果 集束化治疗组VAP总发病率为17.0例/1000机械通气日,低于对照组的28.2例/1000机械通气日,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);引入集束化治疗后,VAP季度发病率呈下降趋势;集束化组VAP患者的机械通气时间、CSICU入住时间为(84.8士39.4)h、(7.5±3.1)d,明显低于对照组的(107.9±52.1)h、(9.6±4.7)d,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);集束化组死亡率为6.5％,对照组为16.4％,差异无统计学意义.结论 集束化治疗可降低心脏直视术后VAP的发生率,改善VAP患者的预后.     

肺表面活性物质联合辅助通气治疗新生儿呼吸衰竭的临床研究

目的 研究新生儿呼吸衰竭的病因及发病因素,探讨肺表面活性物质(pulmonary surfactant,PS)联合辅助通气在新生儿呼吸衰竭中的治疗效果。 【方法 】 回顾性分析2010年7月-2011年7月遵义市第一人民医院新生儿科收治的121例新生儿呼吸衰竭患儿的病例资料,所有病例均给予呼吸支持为主的综合治疗,联合应用肺表面活性物质的49例为试验组,同期单用辅助通气治疗的72例为对照组,比较两组患儿的辅助通气持续时间、总氧疗时间、治愈率、死亡率及并发症发生率。 结果 试验组的治愈率(89.8%)高于对照组(69.4%),死亡率低于对照组(χ²=7.16,P＜0.05);试验组的辅助通气持续时间及总氧疗时间明显低于对照组(U=20.979和12.997,P均＜0.01);两组的并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P均＞0.05)。 结论 肺表面活性物质联合辅助通气为主的综合治疗可明显提高呼吸衰竭患儿的治愈率,同时不增加并发症的发生率。     

早期肠内营养支持对ARDS患者的免疫功能影响

目的观察早期肠内营养支持对ARDS患者的免疫功能影响以及对最终死亡率的影响.方法ARDS患者在开始机械通气分为肠内营养组和对照组,肠内营养组在机械通气当天即通过鼻胃管或鼻肠管给予鼻饲合成营养素,对照组则延迟至7天以后应用肠内营养.然后统计各项指标情况.结果治疗两周后及存活者出院时观察组与对照组相比在总蛋白、淋巴细胞数量、以及CD3和CD4水平均有明显升高,而CD8变化不大.肠内营养组与对照组相比在机械通气时间(平均12.8±2.1天、17.6±3.6天)、住ICU时间(平均21.5±4.6天、31.5±3.4天)均明显缩短.两组最终病死率有明显差异,肠内营养组为27.8%,对照组为35.7%.两组营养支持相关并发症发生率无明显差异.结论早期肠内营养支持可提高ARDS患者的免疫功能,提高总蛋白水平,降低最终病死率,缩短机械通气时间和住ICU时间,从而降低患者的医疗费用.     

腹内压监测辅助IAH/ACS高危病人行肠内营养支持治疗

目的 :评价腹内压监测在辅助IAH/ACS高危病人行肠内营养支持治疗中的应用价值。方法 :选取2016年8月~2017年2月上海长征医院综合ICU需进行肠内营养支持治疗的、且存在IAH/ACS高危风险的病人,随机分为实验组(零感~?尿动力监控仪监测腹内压,n=60)和对照组(传统水柱法监测腹内压,n=60),比较两组病人肠内营养相关并发症、胃残余量、腹内压及营养液喂养情况等。结果 :实验组的肠内营养并发症发生率较对照组明显降低(7.92%vs 28.33%,P0.01;平均胃残余量、腹内压均低于对照组[(50.12±10.66)ml vs(101.54±25.81)ml、(8.28±2.35)cm H_2O vs(12.36±2.51)cm H_2O,P0.05],实验组病人肠内营养液目标喂养完成率及达标时间较对照组均有改善[88.3%vs.71.7%、(2.94±0.78)d vs.(3.78±1.02)d,P0.05]。结论 :腹内压监测可辅助IAH/ACS高危病人进行肠内营养支持治疗,降低病人胃肠道相关并发症发生率,提高病人营养耐受程度,改善肠内营养目标喂养情况,具有临床推广应用价值。     

每日唤醒次数对呼吸机相关性肺炎发生率的影响

目的观察每日唤醒次数对呼吸机相关性肺炎发生率的影响。方法将120例全部实行有创机械通气治疗的重症监护病房的病人,分为5组;各组在常规综合治疗同时,对照组加用咪达唑仑镇静,镇静深度为Ramsay分级3~4级,实施每日早晚1~4次的唤醒计划,每次持续2小时。观察四组机械通气时间、ICU停留时间和依据预先自制定的研究方案确认的VAP发生率。结果对照组在机械通气时间、ICU停留时间、VAP发生率为:138.1±65.4;183.8±73.7;22.41(13/66)。治疗组1在机械通气时间、ICU停留时间、VAP发生率为:104.5±65.0;159.5±80.7;6.50(5/62)。治疗组2在机械通气时间、ICU停留时间、VAP发生率为:89.2±52.3;131.2±79.5;2.68(3/58)。治疗组3在机械通气时间、ICU停留时间、VAP发生率为:99±61.2;156.8±90.3;11.94(8/67)。治疗组4在机械通气时间、ICU停留时间、VAP发生率为:149±63.8;193.2±83.1;26.79(15/56)。结论每日唤2次,可明显缩短重症病人机械通气时间、ICU停留时间和VAP发生率。     

不同肠内营养方式对呼吸机相关性肺炎的影响

目的 研究不同肠内营养方式对机械通气患者营养状况、肠内营养耐受性、并发症及呼吸机相关性肺炎的影响.方法 选择64例重症呼吸衰竭机械通气患者为观察对象,随机分为两组,鼻胃管组和鼻肠管组,各32例;两组均给予肠内营养制剂,不足部分由肠外营养补充;观察两组患者在治疗前后营养指标的演变,比较两组患者肠内营养并发症、肠道耐受性、呼吸机相关性肺炎的发生率、机械通气时间和住ICU时间.结果 治疗前后的前白蛋白鼻胃管组患者为(161.8±19.1)、(193.7±27.0)mg/L,鼻肠管组患者为(182.5±29.4)、(214.32.4)mg/L;治疗前后转铁蛋白鼻胃管组患者为(228.3±42.1)、(266.3±23.1)mg/L,鼻肠管组患者为(223.1±26.2)、(272.6±25.5),治疗前后比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);鼻胃管组与鼻肠管组:腹胀腹泻发生率为25.0％、15.6％,高血糖发生率为28.1％、6.2％,应激性溃疡发生率为6.2％、3.1％,肝损害发生率为6.2％、3.1％,差异均无统计学意义;鼻肠管组反流率及呼吸机相关性肺炎发生率均为6.2％,低于鼻胃管组的31.2％、18.7％(均P＜0.05);鼻肠管组机械通气时间、住ICU时间为(6.5±1.1)、(8.9±1.8)d,短于鼻胃管组的(9.8±2.3)、(13.4±2.4)d,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 肠内营养对机械通气患者的营养状况的改善有帮助;经鼻肠管方式行肠内营养的机械通气患者肠道耐受性好,呼吸机相关性肺炎发生率低.     

骨科创伤患者医院获得性肺炎的危险因素

目的分析骨科创伤患者医院获得性肺炎(HAP)的危险因素,为制定预防控制措施提供依据。方法回顾性调查2011年6月—2015年5月某院骨科病房创伤患者发生HAP的情况,并采用单因素和多因素logistic回归分析其危险因素。结果共调查骨科创伤患者2 578例,发生HAP92例,HAP发病率3.57%。92例HAP患者共检出病原菌107株,主要为肺炎克雷伯菌(22株,占20.56%)、大肠埃希菌(14株,占13.08%)、鲍曼不动杆菌(13株,占12.15%)等。住院日数≥15 d、吸烟史≥3年、卧床≥7 d、伴有基础疾病、合并症、留置导尿管≥7 d、采用手术治疗、采用机械通气、入住ICU、开放性损伤、血糖≥11 mmol/L、血浆清蛋白30 g/L、血红蛋白浓度90 g/L和糖皮质激素使用≥4 d等14个因素均是骨科创伤患者发生HAP的危险因素(均P0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,吸烟、卧床、手术治疗、机械通气、使用糖皮质激素和贫血6个因素为骨科创伤患者发生HAP的独立危险因素。结论骨科创伤患者HAP与多种因素有关,其中以手术治疗、机械通气、糖皮质激素使用、长期吸烟、卧床和贫血等6个因素为主。     

经胃肠道给予制霉菌素对ICU机械通气患者侵袭性真菌感染的影响分析

目的探讨经胃肠道给予制霉菌素对ICU机械通气患者侵袭性真菌感染（IFI）发生率及预后的影响。方法选择ICU需行有创机械通气的危重症患者118例,按随机数字表法分为两组：研究组（57例）经胃管内每次注入制霉菌素1000kU,每日3次;对照组（61例）给予促进胃肠动力药物作为安慰剂,每日3次。入组后当天、第3天、第6天、第9天留取各部位标本,观察分离菌株情况,并计算校正定植指数（CCI）,并统计念珠菌血症发生率、28d病死率、ICU住院时间及总住院时间。结果118例患者共分离出860株菌株,以白念珠菌居多,占56．9％（489／860）,最常见的定植部位为口咽部,占35．9％（309／860）。研究组入组后第6,9天CCI均明显低于对照组（O．184±0．09比0．40±0．16和0．10±0．02比0．45±0．13）,研究组28d病死率明显低于对照组[17．5％（10／57）比34．4％（21／61）],ICU住院时间明显短于对照组[（9．45±3．36）d比（11．78±6．21）d],差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;两组念珠菌血症发生率、总住院时间比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论经胃肠道给予制霉菌素能明显减少ICU需行机械通气患者白念珠菌定植的发生,缩短患者近期病死率及ICU住院时间。