Culture and characterisation of human urothelium in vivo and in vitro

The aim of this study was to culture human urothelium and generate enough cells for subsequent reconstructive surgery. Using a modification of the Rheinwald-Green method for the routine culture of keratinocytes from patients with burns, we successfully cultured 91% of 57 biopsies from the renal pelvis, ureter, bladder and urethra of paediatric patients. The cells could be split one to three up to 9 times at 7–10 day intervals, giving a surface area of 1000 cm² after a 2 month culture period. Primary cultures could not be initiated in defined medium MCDB153, although cells initiated using the Rheinwald-Green method could subsequently be propagated in this medium. Cytokeratin patterns in vitro were similar to those in vivo in the expression of keratins 7, 18 and 19 (characteristic of simple epithelia) and keratin 13 (characteristic of non-cornified stratified epithelia). Cultured urothelium also expressed keratin 14 (characteristic of cornified stratified epithelium) in about 25% of cells and keratin 16 (characteristic of fast-growing cells). These findings indicate that urothelial cells can be propagated in vitro for autologous grafting, and the next step is to identify substrates suitable for urothelial cell growth and differentiation and surgical manipulation.     

血栓弹力图在普通外科围手术期静脉血栓栓塞症防治中应用及价值

尽管静脉血栓栓塞症(VTE)是外科手术病人可防控的潜在并发症和致死的主要原因,但临床对其认识仍不充分,也缺乏特异性的识别工具,对机械预防和药物预防的反应也很小。因此,迫切需要特异性更好的工具来评估VTE的风险。此外,监测抗栓药物疗效以达到最优效果也是必须的。或许,血栓弹力图能够提供一些帮助。     

Transerythrocytic concentrations of urea and creatinine in normals and in azotemic patients

Preliminary studies in our laboratory suggested alterations in the distribution of urea and creatinine between red cells and plasma in azotemic patients, as compared to normal controls.The present studies compare plasma erythrocyte concentrations of urea and creatinine in azotemic patients and in control subjects. Effects of adding exogenous urea and creatinine to the blood of control subjects were also studied. The findings suggest alterations of solute distribution patterns in azotemic blood. Specifically, the proportions of the solutes in cells appear reduced in azotemia.     

西立伐他汀与辛伐他汀对2型糖尿病合并高低密度脂蛋白血症及微白蛋白尿治疗作用的探讨

目的 :探讨西立伐他汀与辛伐他汀治疗 2型糖尿病合并高低密度脂蛋白 (LDL -C)血症、微白蛋白尿(u -MA)的作用。方法 :选自我院的 5 6例 2型糖尿病患者被随机分为三组。 (1)对照组 :共 16例 ;(2 )辛伐他汀组 :共2 0例 ,口服辛伐他汀 2 0mg ;(3)西立伐他汀组 :共 2 0例 ,口服西立伐他汀 0 3mg ,均为睡前服用 ,连续服用 4周。 结果 :(1)辛伐他汀组治疗前后LDL -C降低 (4 2 36± 14 6 4) % ,西立伐他汀组治疗前后LDL -C降低 (4 5 2 2±16 90 ) % ,且两组治疗前后总胆固醇和甘油三脂均有显著降低 ;(2 )辛伐他汀组治疗前后u -MA减少 (39 78±2 1 36 ) % ,西立伐他汀组治疗前后u -MA减少 (37 2 3± 19 94) %。可见二组之间无显著性差异 ,P >0 0 5 ;而分别与对照组有显著性差异 ,P <0 0 5。结论 :西立伐他汀降低LDL -C、总胆固醇、甘油三脂和辛伐他汀一样有效 ;而且均能有效减少u -MA     

Bacteriology of the appendix and the ileum in health and in appendicitis

The bacteriology of the ileum and the appendix in appendicitis patients with or without perforation and compared with patients who had "incidental appendectomy" was studied. Of 42 appendicitis patients, 24 (57%) of them had anaerobic bacteria in the appendix compared with two of eight (25%) with normal appendix. Anaerobes were found in the ileal aspirates of 20 of 42 (47.6%) appendicitis patients and two of eight (25%) in normal persons. This suggests that anaerobic bacteria increasingly colonize the appendix and the ileum in cases of appendicitis.     

Electroconductivity of bone in vitro and in vivo

In view of conflicting data in the literature regarding the electroconductivity of bone, measurements were performed both in vivo and in vitro by using alternating current of 100.0 mA and 1.0 mA at a frequency of 1000 cycles/second and the four-electrode method. Electrodes were inserted through all of the bone layers into the bone marrow space of the femora of seven rabbits. Bone electric resistance was measured also in situ 30 minutes after the death of the animals. A threefold increase in resistance of bone, from about 600 to about 1700 ohm, occurred in situ 30 minutes after the death of the animals, and an enormous resistance, about 10(10) ohm, was measured in vitro. It was also apparent that femora from the different rabbits had different values of electric resistance both in vivo and in vitro. If electroconductivity of bone is determined by body fluids rather than by the bone tissue per se, measuring the "specific resistance" of bone in vivo is meaningless.     

Development and remodeling of engineered cartilage-explant composites in vitro and in vivo

OBJECTIVE: Development and remodeling of engineered cartilage-explant composites were studied in vitro and in vivo. DESIGN: Individual and interactive effects of cell chondrogenic potential (primary or fifth passage bovine calf chondrocytes), scaffold degradation rate (hyaluronan benzyl ester or polyglycolic acid), and adjacent tissue cell activity and architecture (vital trabecular bone (VB), articular cartilage (AC), devitalized bone (DB) or digested cartilage (DC)) were evaluated over 8 weeks in vitro (bioreactor cultures) and in vivo (ectopic implants). RESULTS: In vitro, significant effects of cell type on construct adhesive strength (P<0.001) and scaffold type on adhesive strength (P<0.001), modulus (P=0.014), glycosaminoglycans (GAG) (P<0.001), and collagen (P=0.039) were observed. Chondrogenesis was best when the scaffold degradation rate matched the extracellular matrix deposition rate. In vivo, adjacent tissue type affected adhesive strength (P<0.001), modulus (P<0.001), and GAG (P<0.001) such that 8-week values obtained for bone (VB and DB) were higher than for cartilage (AC). In the AC/construct group, chondrogenesis appeared attenuated in the region of the construct close to the AC. In contrast, in the VB/construct group, a 500 microm thick zone of mature hyaline-like cartilage formed at the interface, and signs of active remodeling were present in the bone that included osteoclastic and osteoblastic activity and trabecular rebuttressing; these features were not present in the DB group or in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: Development and remodeling of composites based on engineered cartilage were mediated in vitro by cell chondrogenic potential and scaffold degradation rate, and in vivo by type of adjacent tissue and time.     

PTCH和SMO在大鼠肝癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨PTCH和SMO两种基因在大鼠肝癌中的表达及其意义。
方法：用二乙基亚硝胺诱导SD大鼠肝癌模型,实时荧光定量PCR法检测大鼠肝癌组织及相应癌旁良性组织中PTCH mRNA和SMO mRNA的表达。
结果：13例肝癌癌组织中与其旁良性组织PTCH mRNA表达量为6.33±0.62与7.18±0.99,而SMO mRNA表达量为7.93±1.00与8.76±0.83,两组间均有统计学差异（P＜0.05）。
结论：PTCH和SMO是Sonic Hedgehog（SHH）信号通路激活的重要因子;SHH通路可能参与肝癌的发生。

     

Errors and difficulties in the diagnosis and management of acute and chronic abdomen in children

The authors are reviewing on a lot of 2844 cases between 1996 and 2000 the difficult problems of differential diagnosis between acute surgical abdomen in children and intestinal tuberculosis, abdominal tumors and inflammatory diseases such as acute osteomielitis. They are presenting 13 particular cases in which the acute abdomen diagnosis was difficult or even omitted.     

上海某社区中老年骨质疏松危险因素调查分析

目的了解上海市莘庄社区中老年人骨质疏松症的患病现状,并分析引起该疾病的危险因素,为今后该地区骨质疏松 防治工作提供依据。方法采取问卷调査及现场测量方式分别获得研究人群的年龄、性别、身髙、体重以及饮食运动、慢性病 史及家族病史。使用美国HOLOGIC公司Sahara型号超声骨密度仪进行骨密度测定。结果在调査的351例中老年人中,骨 质疏松的发生率为11. 96%,其中男性为17. 11%,女性为11. 62%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示:年龄、体重指数、活动量、抽 烟、奶品摄人以及父母有驼背史与骨质疏松关系密切,且具有统计学意义。结论上海市莘庄社区中老年人骨质疏松与多种 因素有关,其中可控因素包括体重指数、活动量、抽烟以及奶品的摄人。     

Comparison of activation requirements and activation phenotype of allogeneic and xenogeneic rodent responses in vivo and in vitro

BACKGROUND: Both discordant and concordant xenogeneic responses are dominated by humoral immunity. Recent advances in molecular engineering approaches may largely prevent rejection by means of this pathway, leaving the cellular arm of the immune response as the principal remaining barrier to successful engraftment. METHODS: To characterize further the cellular response to xenogeneic tissues, we used the intracellular fluorescent marker CFSE (5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester) to track the mitotic record of T cells (and T cell subsets) after either xenogeneic or allogeneic activation in vitro or in vivo. Activation marker expression was monitored by simultaneous labeling with antibodies for either CD25 or CD134. RESULTS: The in vitro and in vivo responses of Lewis lymphocytes were generally similar in magnitude and timing comparing activation with allogeneic or xenogeneic stimulators. However, the xenogeneic T cell precursor frequency was found to be markedly higher than that previously reported and were comparable to that seen in allogeneic responses. Xenogeneic responses were unique in the continued expression of activation markers in later division cycles. In addition, CD4 and CD8 T-cell proliferation was highly dependent on stimulator class II expression, highlighting the importance of CD4 T cells and the indirect pathway in the xenogeneic response. CONCLUSIONS: An unexpectedly high precursor frequency was detected for xenogeneic cellular responses in the rat anti-mouse combination and was comparable to that seen in allogeneic responses. Differences in xenogeneic versus allogeneic activation profiles exist that may result from the cellular pathways used for activation.