北京市2004年2-18岁儿童青少年超重和肥胖流行现状

目的分析北京市2～18岁儿童青少年超重和肥胖检出率水平及分布特征.方法利用2004年北京市儿童代谢综合征调查总样本中21 198名2～18岁人群的体重指数数据,分别采用中国（WGOC标准）、美国疾病预防控制中心（CDC 2000标准）和国际肥胖工作组（IOTF标准）推荐的儿童青少年超重和肥胖体重指数分类标准计算超重和肥胖检出率.结果北京市2～18岁儿童青少年合并超重（包括肥胖）检出率、肥胖检出率分别是18.6%和8.1%（CDC 2000标准）,17.4%和5.1%（IOTF标准）;根据WGOC计算的7～18岁合并超重检出率和肥胖检出率是20.9%和8.9%.学龄儿童（6～18岁）的合并超重率高于学龄前儿童（19.8%：14.8%,CDC 2000标准）;学龄儿童中,男性高于女性（26.7%：16.5%,WGOC标准）,城市高于农村（27.0%：15.9%,WGOC标准）;学龄前儿童城乡间差异无统计学意义.结论北京市有1/5的儿童青少年超重或肥胖,居国内最高水平.儿童青少年肥胖已经成为北京市一个重要公共卫生问题,需要引起社会高度关注.     

中国2～18岁儿童青少年超重和肥胖筛查体重指数界值点的研究

目的 研究中国2～18岁儿童青少年超重、肥胖筛查体重指数(BMI)界值点.方法 在中国0～18岁儿童青少年BMI生长参照值的基础上,根据常用的超重、肥胖筛查界值点选择方法(与成年人界值点接轨法、百分位法或Z分值法),初步分别确定[BMI 24kg/m2 (BMI24)、28 kg/m2(BMI28)]、(P85、P95)和(Z1、Z2)三组界值点,通过对不同界值点进行差值和检出率比较,并与中国肥胖问题工作组(WGOC)和国际肥胖问题工作组(IOTF)的超重、肥胖界值点做对比分析,最后确定适宜界值点.结果 按照不同的超重、肥胖筛查BMI界值点选择方法获得三组界值点,不同界值点之间存在不同程度差异,但在超重合并肥胖检出率上差异相对较小.与WGOC相比,男章超重、肥胖及女童肥胖界值点非常接近,女童在8.5～15.5岁其超重界值点比WGOC标准低0.3～1.0 kg/m2,通过筛查"2004年北京市儿童代谢综合征调查"数据库,女童超重检出率比WGOC标准高约3.4%.结论 采用与成年人界值点接轨法(BMI24、BMI28)获得的中国2～18岁儿童青少年超重、肥胖筛查BMI界值点是适宜的,实现了在使用BMI指标上年龄的连贯性和筛查标准的一致性.     

广东省2002-2012年6~17岁儿童青少年超重/肥胖变化趋势分析

目的 分析2002-2012年广东省6～17岁儿童青少年超重/肥胖的流行状况及其变化趋势。方法 2002年营养调查采用多阶段分层与整群随机抽样方法,在全省抽取13个监测点共7 075名6～17岁儿童青少年进行调查。2009-2012年的广东省居民营养调查采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,在广东省9区/县城乡调查点抽取2 319名6～17岁儿童青少年,进行身高和体重测量。结果 2009-2012年广东省6～17岁儿童青少年平均超重率和肥胖率分别为7.3%和4.5%,男生超重率和肥胖率（8.9%和6.5%）均高于女生（5.3%和2.2%）,城市超重率和肥胖率（9.3%和5.6%）均高于农村（4.7%和3.2%）;以9～11岁组超重率（8.8%）和肥胖率（6.0%）最高。与2002年比较,除城市女生肥胖率下降外,城市男生、农村男生和女生的超重率和肥胖率均明显上升,其中农村超重和肥胖增幅高于城市,男生增幅高于女生。结论 广东省6～17岁儿童青少年超重和肥胖率较2002年有较大上升,其中农村、男生和9～11岁超重/肥胖比例较高,应重点关注。     

杭州市7～18岁儿童青少年体质指数标准研究

目的研究杭州市7～18岁儿童青少年体质指数（BMI）分布、超重和肥胖的检出率。方法抽取21536名杭州城区17所小学和12所中学学生作为研究对象,以国际生命科学会中国肥胖问题工作组（WGOC）颁布的“中国儿童青少年超重、肥胖体质指数筛查分类标准”作为参考标准,对学龄儿童青少年进行体质指数研究。结果杭州市男性学龄儿童青少年超重（P85）和肥胖（P95）普遍要高于WGOC标准;女性学龄儿童青少年超重（％）7—10岁组要稍高于WGOC标准,大于10岁各年龄组的超重BMI值都要低于WGOC标准;而肥胖（P醅）各年龄组的值均低于WGOC标准。各年龄组超重与肥胖检出率男生平均高达23．5％和10．0％,女生也有14．0％和4．9％。结论杭州市学龄儿童青少年超重和肥胖的流行水平较高,尤其是男性学龄青少年,应尽快将超重和肥胖的防治列入学校卫生工作的重点,开展适宜的健康教育,引导学生和家长建立正确的生活习惯和健康观念。     

蒙古族7?18岁青少年超重肥胖25年变化趋势分析

目的 了解25(1985-2010)年间蒙古族7～18岁青少年超重肥胖长期变化趋势.方法 采用现况研究方法,应用1985、2000和2010年共计18 366人的蒙古族7～18岁青少年体质健康调研数据,分析比较不同监测年份、性别、城乡间的儿童青少年BMI均数和超重肥胖检出率.结果 25年间蒙古族7～18岁青少年BMI均数总体变化趋势为逐年升高,1985、2000和2010年超重、肥胖检出率分别为2.1％、0.5％,6.3％、2.4％和9.1％、6.6％;1985-2000年的15年间超重、肥胖率分别增长了2倍和4倍,2010年时比1985年增长4倍和12倍.1985、2000和2010年超重、肥胖检出率在城市男性中分别为1.2％、0,7.9％、3.4％和11.0％、11.8％;农村男性分别为0.6％、0.6％,2.8％、2.1％和9.0％、3.4％;城市女性分别为1.8％、0.3％,8.1％、4.3％和9.4％、8.4％;农村女性分别为4.5％、0.9％,8.8％、2.2％和10.2％、4.5％,各组间不同监测年份其超重、肥胖检出率的差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),且呈逐年增加趋势.结论 1985-2010年蒙古族青少年的超重、肥胖检出率大幅上升,并有继续升高的趋势,应采取合理有效措施预防和控制肥胖的发生.     

北京地区儿童青少年体重指数与血压关系的研究

目的 阐明北京地区7～15岁儿童青少年体重指数(或体质指数,BMI)与血压的关系,并为中国肥胖问题工作组(WGOC)提出的中国儿童青少年超重、肥胖分类标准是否能够敏感区分正常体重、超重和肥胖组的血压值提供交叉验证的依据。方法 2000年4～5月,采用分层整群随机抽样对北京地区5155名6～15岁儿童青少年进行肥胖流行特点及其危险因素的横断面调查。按照WGOC推荐的中国儿童青少年超重、肥胖分类标准建议,以及美国疾病预防控制中心推荐的儿童高血压标准诊断儿童高血压,采用Person相关分析、t检验、X~2检验和logistic多因素回归分析等统计学方法,分析了其中7～15岁4982名研究对象的资料。结果(1)在控制了年龄、性别的影响后,7～15岁儿童青少年的BMI与收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)独立正相关[偏相关系数(r)检验P<0.0001,BMI与SBP、DBP的偏r分别为0.323 87和0.245 88;(2)SBP值、DBP值都是肥胖组>超重组>正常体重组,差异有显著性(P<0.001);(3)正常体重、超重、肥胖组间高SBP率、高DBP率、高血压患病率差异有显著性(均为P值<0.0001),与正常体重组相比,超重、肥胖组患高血压的相对危险度(RR)分别为2.96和4.85。超重组和肥胖组的高血压患病率分别高达19.70％和24.22％。(4)logistic多因素回归分析结果提示,年龄和体重对SB     

中国居民的超重和肥胖流行现状

目的 分析我国超重和肥胖患病率水平及其在人群中的流行和分布规律。方法 利用中国居民营养与健康状况调查209849人的有效数据,计算全国的超重和肥胖患病率,用2000年人口进行标化。超重和肥胖的判断标准：7岁以下儿童根据1978年世界卫生组织推荐的Z评分标准,7～17岁人群采用2003年中国肥胖问题工作组推荐的标准,18岁及以上成年人采用卫生部《中国成人超重和肥胖症预防控制指南》推荐的标准。结果 我国居民超重率为17．6％、肥胖率为5．6％,二者之和为23．2％。大城市、中小城市、一类至四类农村的标化超重率分别为25．0％、21．6％、17．4％、15．1％、19．2％和12．8％,标化肥胖率分别为10．6％、7．2％、6．4％、4．3％、6．0％和2．7％。按照年龄段统计,0～6岁组的超重率为3．4％,肥胖率为2．0％;7～17岁组的超重率为4．5％,肥胖率为2．1％;18岁及以上组的超重率为22．8％,肥胖率为7．1％。超重率和肥胖率的性别差异在各年龄段和城乡之间有很大不同。结论 超重和肥胖人群已接近总人口的1／4,成为影响居民健康的重要疾患。随着城市化的进程,肥胖将成倍增加,防治工作迫在眉睫。     

Trends in overweight and obesity in Portugal: the National Health Surveys 1995-6 and 1998-9

OBJECTIVE: To assess overweight and obesity trends in the Portuguese population. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: National Health Surveys, conducted in 1995-6 (17,989 men; 20,249 women) and 1998-9 (17,923 men; 20,302 women), were used. RESULTS: In men, the prevalence of overweight and obesity increased from 39.9% (95% CI: 39.2 to 40.6) and 10.3% (95% CI: 9.9 to 10.7), respectively, in 1995-6, to 42.5% (95% CI: 41.8 to 43.2) and 11.5% (95% CI: 11.0 to 12.0), respectively, in 1998-9. In women, prevalence of obesity increased from 12.7% (95% CI: 12.2 to 13.2) in 1995-6 to 14.2% (95% CI: 13.7 to 14.6) in 1998-9, whereas the prevalence of overweight remained stable: 32.2% (95% CI: 31.6 to 32.9) in 1995-6 and 32.3% (95% CI: 31.6 to 32.9) in 1998-9. In men, prevalence of overweight and obesity were higher among former smokers and educational group of 6 to 12 years, and prevalence of obesity was higher in the Lisbon region. In women, prevalence of overweight and obesity were higher among never smokers, and prevalence of obesity was higher among educational group of -6 years. Prevalence of obesity was higher in the Alentejo region, and overweight was higher in the Center region. Finally, prevalence of obesity increased in both sexes for all strata studied (age, smoking status, educational level, and geographic region), whereas prevalence of overweight increased only in men. DISCUSSION: In Portugal, overweight and obesity levels are related to sociodemographic factors; the increase in obesity levels stresses the need for preventive measures.     

1991—2015年中国9个省份儿童青少年超重和肥胖率的变化趋势分析

目的分析1991—2015年中国9个省份儿童青少年超重和肥胖率的变化趋势。方法采用1991—2015年9次“中国健康与营养调查”数据,选取资料完整的14888名6~17岁儿童青少年为研究对象。超重和肥胖分别采用2000年国际肥胖工作组(IOTF)制定的全球儿童超重和肥胖标准(IOTF标准)、2007年世界卫生组织(WHO)制定的学龄儿童青少年生长参照标准(WHO标准)、2009年李辉等制定的儿童超重肥胖筛查体重指数界值(专家标准)及2018年原国家卫生和计划生育委员会发布的学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查界值(行业标准)进行判定。采用多元线性回归模型分析1991—2015年儿童青少年体重指数变化趋势,采用logistics回归模型分析1991—2015年超重和肥胖率的变化趋势。结果调整年龄、性别和地区后,体重指数由1991年(2363名)的17.26 kg/m2上升至2015年(1060名)的18.72 kg/m2(P趋势<0.001)。根据IOTF标准、WHO标准、专家标准和行业标准,超重率分别由1991年的4.06%、5.37%、5.16%、4.27%增长至2015年的13.58%、16.23%、13.30%、11.70%(P趋势<0.001),肥胖率分别由1991年的1.02%、1.86%、2.24%、2.41%增长至2015年的7.45%、10.75%、12.08%、12.74%(P趋势<0.001)。结论1991—2015年,我国9个省份儿童青少年体重指数水平、超重和肥胖率均呈逐年增加趋势。     

Prevalence of overweight, obesity and thinness in 9-10 year old children in Mauritius

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: To document the prevalence of overweight, obesity and thinness in 9-10 year old children in Mauritius. METHODS: 412 boys and 429 girls aged 9-10 years from 23 primary schools were selected using stratified cluster random sampling. All data was cross-sectional and collected via anthropometry and self-administered questionnaire. Outcome measures were BMI (kg/m2), prevalence of overweight, obesity (International Obesity Task Force definitions) and thinness (low BMI for age). Linear and logistic regression analyses, accounting for clustering at the school level, were used to assess associations between gender, ethnicity, school location, and school's academic performance (average) to each outcome measure. RESULTS: The distribution of BMI was marginally skewed with a more pronounced positive tail in the girls. Median BMI was 15.6 kg/m2 in boys and 15.4 kg/m2 in girls, respectively. In boys, prevalence of overweight was 15.8% (95% CI: 12.6, 19.6), prevalence of obesity 4.9% (95% CI: 3.2, 7.4) and prevalence of thinness 12.4% (95% CI: 9.5, 15.9). Among girls, 18.9% (95% CI: 15.5, 22.9) were overweight, 5.1% (95% CI: 3.4, 7.7) were obese and 13.1% (95% CI: 10.2, 16.6) were thin. Urban children had a slightly higher mean BMI than rural children (0.5 kg/m2, 95% CI: 0.01, 1.00) and were nearly twice as likely to be obese (6.7% vs. 4.0%; adjusted odds ratio 1.6; 95% CI: 0.9, 3.5). Creole children were less likely to be classified as thin compared to Indian children (adjusted odds ratio 0.3, 95% CI: 0.2, 0.6). CONCLUSION: Mauritius is currently in the midst of nutritional transition with both a high prevalence of overweight and thinness in children aged 9-10 years. The coexistence of children representing opposite sides of the energy balance equation presents a unique challenge for policy and interventions. Further exploration is needed to understand the specific causes of the double burden of malnutrition and to make appropriate policy recommendations.     

北京市中小学生1985～2000年超重和肥胖流行趋势分析

目的 了解北京市7-18岁中小学生1985—2000年超重和肥胖变化趋势，为改善学生营养状况提供依据。方法 利用1985，1991，1995和2000年全国学生体质调研北京市资料，根据体重指数（Body Mass Index，BMI）筛查标准计算不同时期、不同年龄段城乡男女中小学生超重和肥胖检出率。结果城男、城女、乡男、乡女超重和肥胖呈上升趋势，1995．2000年增幅高于1985．1995年平均每5a的增幅；1995～2000年比1985～1995年增速变缓，但7—9岁组城男超重和肥胖，7—9岁组城女和乡女超重，16～18岁乡男和13～15岁城女肥胖的增速高于1985～1995年水平。城区“差”片学生超重和肥胖检出率高于“好”片。结论北京市中小学生超重、肥胖呈现出从散发到流行、从城区向农村、逐渐低龄化的趋势：应从小学低年级开始，将超重和肥胖的防治作为北京市学校卫生的工作重点。     

The epidemiology of overweight and obesity among Australian children and adolescents, 1995-97

OBJECTIVES: To determine the population prevalence of overweight and obesity among Australian children and adolescents, based on measured body mass index (BMI). To determine if overweight and obesity are distributed differentially across the population of young Australians. METHODS: Data from three independent surveys were analysed. In each, height and weight were measured by trained surveyors using valid, comparable methods. BMI (kg/m2) was used as the index of adiposity and recently published international BMI cut-off values used to categorise each subject as non-overweight, overweight or obese. RESULTS: The population prevalence and distribution of overweight, obesity and overweight/obesity combined were generally consistent across datasets. The ranges of the prevalence of non-overweight, overweight, obesity and overweight/obesity combined were 79-81%, 14-16%, 5% and 19-21% (boys) respectively and 76-79%, 16-18%, 5-6% and 21-24% (girls). There were no consistent relationships between the prevalence of overweight/obesity and sex, age or SES. Their prevalence was up to 4% higher in urban than rural areas among boys, but there were no differences between urban and rural girls. The data suggest a higher prevalence of overweight/ obesity among students from European or Middle-Eastern cultural backgrounds. CONCLUSIONS: Some 19-23% of Australian children and adolescents are either overweight or obese. Although urban/rural, SES and cultural background differentials were noted, only the last warrants a targeted health promotion response. IMPLICATIONS: Overweight/obesity is a prevalent health risk factor among Australian children and adolescents. More information is needed to understand whether targeted approaches are required for specific ethnic groups in addition to broad, population-based approaches.     

Prevalence and factors associated to overweight and obesity in adolescents

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and factors associated to overweight and obesity in urban area adolescents. METHODS: A cross-sectional population-based study was carried out in the municipality of Pelotas, Southern Brazil, between 2001 and 2002. Adolescents between 15 and 18 years old were weighed, measured and asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire. Of 90 areas drawn, 86 dwellings were visited in each area, comprising a total of 960 adolescents interviewed. Overweight and obesity prevalences were defined based on the body mass index, according to cutoff values and adjusted to age and sex. Multivariate analysis with Poisson regression was performed using a hierarchical model of variables associated to overweight and obesity. RESULTS: Overweight and obesity prevalences were 20.94% and 5% respectively. There was found an inverse relationship between obesity and age and schooling. An association of overweight and obesity with reporting parents' obesity (p=0.03) and adolescents' sexual maturation (p=0.01) was seen. Dieting and skipping meals were associated to obesity with a risk of 3.98 (95% CI: 1.83-8.67) and 2.54 (95% CI: 1.22-5.29) respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Overweight and obesity prevalences in the area studied are of concern despite adolescents' behaviors to prevent to obesity. There is a need to implement more effective campaigns to provide better guidance to adolescents.     

西安市城区2009年7~18岁儿童、青少年超重和肥胖流行病学调查

【目的】 了解西安市城区儿童、青少年超重和肥胖的发病情况。 【方法】 随机整群抽取西安市城区7~18岁中小学生13 994人,采用体质指数(body mass index,BMI)诊断超重和肥胖。采用三次样条对西安市7~18岁儿童青少年体重、身高和BMI百分位数进行拟合,将身高,体重P₅₀,及BMI的P₈₅、P₉₅百分位数值与2005年中国全国标准进行比较。 【结果】 西安市城区7~18岁中小学生超重总发病率为10.42%,男生和女生分别为11.85%和8.83%;肥胖总发病率为4.67%,男生和女生分别为4.92%和4.40%。男生身高P₅₀值在10~15岁(除12岁)比全国标准稍低,男女体重和女生身高P₅₀中位数与全国数值基本接近;男生BMI的P₈₅、P₉₅数值与2005年全国水平基本接近;女生P₈₅和P₉₅值在14岁以前与全国水平基本接近,15岁后有所减低。 【结论】 西安市中小学肥胖发病率在17年间增加了一倍,制定预防儿童超重和肥胖的有效措施势在必行。     

中国6~17岁儿童青少年超重肥胖流行特征

目的 分析我国6~17岁儿童青少年超重肥胖流行情况,为制定肥胖防治策略提供科学依据。方法 利用"2010-2012年中国居民营养与健康状况监测"中6~17岁儿童青少年调查资料,分析我国儿童青少年超重肥胖现状。6岁儿童采用WHO 2007年推荐的分年龄性别BMI超重肥胖判定标准判定超重肥胖,7~17岁儿童青少年采用《中国学龄儿童青少年超重和肥胖预防与控制指南》中的分年龄、性别的BMI超重肥胖判定标准进行判定。结果 6~17岁儿童青少年超重率和肥胖率分别为9.6%和6.4%,其中城市儿童青少年超重率和肥胖率分别为11.0%（男生：12.8%,女生：9.0%）和7.7%（男生：9.7%,女生：5.5%）,农村儿童青少年超重率和肥胖率分别为8.4%（男生：9.3%,女生：7.4%）和5.2%（男生：6.2%,女生：4.1%）。按家庭经济收入水平分,高、中和低家庭收入儿童青少年的超重率分别为12.3%、10.7%和8.2%,肥胖率分别为8.6%、7.2%和5.7%。结论 2012年,我国6~17岁儿童青少年超重肥胖表现为城市高于农村,男生高于女生;患病率与家庭经济收入水平有关。     

Correction: prevalence and socioeconomic correlates of overweight and obesity among Pakistani primary school children

ABSTRACT: Since the publication of our article [1], we have noticed some errors in the final published version, for which the corresponding author accepts full responsibility. Page references are to the final PDF version. Page 3: Results, second paragraph Lines 1-2: "BMI... 20.7 (5.02) kg/m2..." should read "BMI... 16.0 (3.0) kg/m2..." Lines 6-8: "According to the IOTF cut-offs, overweight and obesity prevalence was 33% (95% CI 31.1-35.3) and 24% (95% CI 22.4-26.2) respectively" should read "According to the IOTF cut-offs, overweight and obesity prevalence was 8.3% (95% CI 7.1-9.6) and 4.7% (95% CI 3.8-5.7) respectively" Page 4: Table 1 The values for mean and standard deviation (SD) for BMI (kg/m2) are revised. Page 4: Table 2 The values for mean BMI (SD) and overweight and obesity prevalence according to the IOTF cut-offs are revised. Page 5: Figure 2 The values for grade- and gender- specific mean BMI are revised. Page 6: Second paragraph Lines 1-8: "Prevalence of overweight by the IOTF cut-offs was twice the prevalence by the WHO 2007 reference (33% versus 17%) and prevalence of obesity by the IOTF cutoffs was three times higher than that calculated by the WHO 2007 reference (24% versus 7.5%). Using IOTF cut-offs for overweight and obesity in Pakistani schoolaged children would result in higher estimates than the WHO 2007 reference." should read "Prevalence of overweight by the IOTF cut-offs was half the prevalence by the WHO 2007 reference (8% versus 17%) and prevalence of obesity by the IOTF cutoffs was two-third of that calculated by the WHO 2007 reference (5% versus 7.5%). Using IOTF cut-offs for overweight and obesity in Pakistani schoolaged children would result in lower estimates than the WHO 2007 reference. A relatively lower overweight and obesity prevalence with use of the IOTF cut-offs as compared to the WHO reference had been reported elsewhere [2-3]." In present study, the estimates for overweight included obese children.     

长沙市13～18岁青少年超重和肥胖流行现状

目的 了解长沙市12~18岁青少年的超重和肥胖的流行现状,认识青少年肥胖问题的严峻性,为制定控制肥胖的干预措施提供参考依据。方法 2009年9-12月期间采用整群抽样的方法随机抽取长沙市12所中学和12所高中,共纳入13～18岁中学生16 843名,并按照WHO的要求测量体重和身高。结果 本次研究的中学生共16 843名,超重人数1 703名,超重率为10.11%,肥胖人数838,肥胖率为4.98%,其中男女生超重率分别为952/8 149(11.68%)和751/8 694(8.64%),男女生肥胖率分别为578/8 149(7.09%)和260/8 694(2.99%)。不同性别儿童超重率和肥胖率差异均有统计学意义(χ²=42.89,149.73,P均<0.001)。随着年龄增长男生超重率呈现先增加后下降的趋势,肥胖率一直呈现增加的趋势。女生超重率随着年龄增长呈现增加趋势,肥胖率呈现先增加后降低的趋势。结论 长沙市13～18岁儿童青少年超重和肥胖率高,存在性别差异,应该动员家庭、幼儿园/学校、社区在内的所有相关群体采取综合干预措施,减少肥胖发生。     

Nocturia and obesity: a population-based study in Finland

The authors' aim in this study was to analyze the association of nocturia with overweight and obesity. In 2003-2004, a questionnaire was mailed to 6,000 randomly selected Finns aged 18-79 years who were identified from the Finnish Population Register Centre. Information on nocturia was collected through questionnaires using the Danish Prostatic Symptom Score and the American Urological Association Symptom Index. Self-reported body weight and height were used to calculate body mass index (BMI; weight (kg)/height (m)2). Subjects were classified on the basis of BMI as nonoverweight (BMI<25), overweight (BMI 25-29.9 kgm2), or obese (BMI>or=30). Of the 6,000 subjects, 62.4% participated. Among men, the age-standardized prevalence of nocturia, defined as at least one void per night, was 33.4% (95% confidence interval (CI): 28.5, 38.3) in the nonoverweight, 35.8% (95% CI: 31.4, 40.1) in the overweight, and 48.2% (95% CI: 38.8, 57.6) in the obese. Among women, the corresponding figures were 37.2% (95% CI: 33.0, 41.5) in the nonoverweight, 48.3% (95% CI: 42.5, 54.2) in the overweight, and 53.6% (95% CI: 43.9, 63.2) in the obese. The associations remained similar when nocturia was defined as two or more voids per night. The age-standardized attributable fraction (population) of increased BMI for nocturia was 17.7% for men and 18.5% for women, corresponding to an 8.5% increase in the crude prevalence of nocturia in men and a 13.9% increase in women. The authors conclude that obesity is associated with increased nocturia, more strongly among women than among men.     

862名北京城区学龄前儿童超重及肥胖变化3年跟踪研究

目的了解北京城区学龄前儿童超重及肥胖的动态变化趋势。方法采用典型抽样的方法,在北京城区选择10所不同类型的幼儿园,对2000年在小班的862名儿童进行了连续3年的跟踪调查。结果调查发现男女儿童的肥胖发生率均随着年龄的增长而逐年增加,男童肥胖发生率从2000年的4.4%上升到2002年的12.5%,女童肥胖发生率从2000年的4.2%上升到2002年的10.7%,超重和肥胖的儿童的体重增长速度明显高于体重正常的儿童。3年中80%的肥胖儿童继续保持肥胖,体重正常组的儿童发展为肥胖的发生率则远远低于超重组。     

A comparison of international references for the assessment of child and adolescent overweight and obesity in different populations

OBJECTIVE: To compare different references assessing child and adolescent overweight and obesity in different populations. DESIGN: Comparison cross-sectional study. SETTING: The United States, Russia, China. SUBJECTS: A total of 6108 American, 6883 Russian and 3014 Chinese children aged 6-18 y. INVESTIGATION: Using nationwide survey data from the USA (NHANES III, 1988-1994), Russia (1992), and China (1991), we compared three references: (1) the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) reference, sex-age-specific body mass index (BMI) cut-offs that correspond to BMIs of 25 for overweight and 30 for obesity at age 18; (2) the World Health Organization (WHO) reference--BMI 85th percentiles for overweight in adolescents (10-19 y) and weight-for-height Z-scores for obesity in children under 10; (3) a USA reference--BMI 85th and 95th percentiles to classify overweight and obesity, respectively. RESULTS: Using the IOTF reference and 85th BMI percentiles, overweight prevalence was 6.4 and 6.5% in China, 15.7 and 15.0% in Russia, and 25.5 and 24.4% in the USA, respectively. Notable differences existed for several ages. Kappa (=0.84-0.98) indicated an excellent agreement between the two references in general, although they varied by sex-age groupings and countries. Overweight prevalence was twice as high in children (6-9 y) than in adolescents (10-18 y) in China and Russia, but was similar in the USA. Estimates of obesity prevalence using these three references varied substantially. CONCLUSIONS: The references examined produce similar estimates of overall overweight prevalence but different estimates for obesity. One should be cautious when comparing results based on different references. SPONSORSHIP: University of Illinois and University of North Carolina.