血小板增多与胃癌关系的初步研究

目的 探讨血小板增多与胃癌临床病理分期和预后的关系.方法 回顾性分析2005年1月至2007年1月安徽医科大学第一附属医院经组织病理学确诊的156例胃癌患者的临床资料,电话随访患者的生存情况.统计不同临床分期患者血小板增多的发生率,比较血小板增多组和血小板不增多组患者的生存情况.结果 156例胃癌患者初诊时血小板增多32例（20.5％）,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ期患者血小板增多发生率依次为4.8％、21.7％、24.4％、30.4％,各分期间差异有统计学意义（χ^2=8.768,P=0.003）.血小板增多组的1年、3年生存率分别为59.4％和34.4％,明显低于血小板未增多组的81.5％（χ^2=6.984,P=0.008）和63.7％（χ^2 =8.968,P=0.003）.结论 胃癌患者临床病理分期越晚,血小板增多的比率越大.血小板增多患者预后较差.     

A clinical study of the pineal gland activity in oncologic patients

It has been known for many years that the pineal gland is involved in regulating tumor growth. In order to evaluate the functional activity of the pineal gland in neoplastic diseases, melatonin serum levels and its light/dark rhythm have been determined with the RIA method in patients affected by various forms of tumor. Irrespectively of the type of the tumor and of its localization, existence of two subpopulations has been observed within the oncologic patients, the former with normal levels of melatonin, and the latter with high ones. The light/dark rhythm of melatonin was anomalous in some cases. An evident decrease of serum melatonin values was seen after chemotherapy. It might be interesting to establish whether melatonin levels may conditionate the prognosis of patients with cancer.     

A positive relationship between filamin and VEGF in patients with lung cancer

Induction of angiogenic responses by multiple factors, a crucial step in tumor growth and metastasis, is not completely understood. Recently, involvement of the cytoskeletal actin-binding proteins in angiogenesis has been suggested as a target for anti-neovascular cancer therapy in vitro. In this study, the expression of filamin A (FLNA) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in paraffin-embedded tumor samples from patients with well-characterized lung tumors was immunohistochemically analyzed and compared with clinical variables and survival outcome. A positive expression of FLNA and VEGF was detected in the cytoplasm of tumor cells in 66 (48.2%) and 69 (50.4%) of the 137 patients with lung cancer, respectively (p<0.0001). A significant difference was observed between FLNA expression and VEGF expression. Although our findings do not suggest that the expression of FLNA alone plays an independent prognostic role, the angiogenesis pathway mediated by FLNA appears to be responsible for controlling the growth of lung tumors.     

HPV感染与非小细胞肺癌的相关性

背景与目的：人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）是宫颈癌的主要病因，但近来发现在非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）中能检测到HPV，两者间的关系已经引起了人们的重视。本研究探讨人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）16、18型感染与非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）是否存在相关性及其意义。方法：应用PCR、免疫组化和TUNEL分别检测76例NSCLC及13例肺良性病变中HPV16、18型DNA及其原癌蛋白E6 E7、端粒酶hTERT、P53、MDM2、桩蛋白（paxillin）和细胞凋亡的表达。结果：NSCLC中HPV16、18型总阳性率为40．8％（31／76），而肺良性病变组阳性率为7．7％（1／13），差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。NSCLC中HPV阳性组与阴性组之间细胞凋亡、P53、MDM2、paxillin的表达均有显著性差异（P〈0．05），而端粒酶hTERT无显著性差异。HPV感染与组织学类型及淋巴结转移无关，而与组织分化程度有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论：HPV16、18型感染在NSCLC发生中可能有病因学意义，其致癌机制可能与细胞凋亡、P53、MDM2及paxillin表达变化有关。     

肺癌患者RRM1(-37)位点基因多态性及其与临床相关性的研究

背景与目的吉西他滨是目前治疗非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的一线药物。研究表明作为吉西他滨作用靶点的核苷酸还原酶亚单位M1(RRM1),其启动子区域的基因多态性可以影响吉西他滨对非小细胞肺癌患者的疗效。本研究旨在建立一种简便和高特异性的方法,检测RRM1(-37)位点的基因多态性,并以此方法分析RRM1(-37)位点A/C基因型与吉西他滨治疗NSCLC疗效的相关性。方法收集110例肺癌患者和40例健康人的外周血,提取基因组DNA,以RRM1基因的启动子区域为目的基因,合成野生型引物WF、突变型引物TF和共同的下游引物R。利用DNA荧光嵌入染料SYBR Green I进行荧光PCR扩增,对PCR产物进行熔解曲线分析以确定基因型。分析RRM1(-37)位点基因多态性与患者的一般状态、接受吉西他滨治疗的疗效及生存时间的关系。结果110例肺癌患者和40例健康人中A/A等位基因频率分别为32%和30%,两组人群在RRM1(-37)位点基因分布频率上无统计学差异,RRM1(-37)位点的基因多态性与肺癌患者的性别、病理类型及临床分期无相关性(P>0.05),且与肺癌患者接受吉西他滨治疗的疗效及生存时间无相关性(P>0.05)。结论本研究建立的引物特异性实时荧光PCR法可对RRM1(-37)位点进行准确的基因分型。     

Bax基因产物表达与肺癌预后关系的研究

探讨凋亡相关基因Ｂａｘ的表达水平与肺癌发生、发展及预后的关系。方法应用免疫组化链亲和素－生物素标记法（ＬＳＡＢ法）检测１２４例非小肺癌组织中Ｂａｘ基因产物的表达水平。结果肺癌组织中Ｂａｘ基因产物的表达水平（５３．７６％）明显低于癌旁肺组织（７５．５１％）和正常肺组织（７４．９７％）（Ｐ〈０．０１）。     

IASLC分级系统与Ⅰ期浸润性非黏液型肺腺癌患者预后关系的回顾性研究

目的：回顾性分析国际肺癌研究协会(IASLC)分级系统与Ⅰ期浸润性非黏液型肺腺癌临床病理特征的相关性及与患者预后的关系。方法：回顾性分析2015年1月至2018年12月就诊于天津市胸科医院的204例Ⅰ期浸润性非黏液型肺腺癌患者的临床病理资料及随访资料,根据IASLC分级系统对患者分组,采用单因素方差分析、χ²检验和Fisher精确检验分析IASLC分级与Ⅰ期浸润性非黏液型肺腺癌临床病理特征的相关性,及与肺腺癌患者预后的关系。通过Kaplan-Meier法计算浸润性非黏液型肺腺癌患者总生存率(overall survival,OS)、无复发生存率(recurrence-free survival,RFS);采用Log-rank法比较不同组间的差异性。使用单因素Cox回归、多因素Cox回归分析独立危险因素。结果：204例患者中IASLC分级为Ⅰ级108例,Ⅱ级66例,Ⅲ级30例。IASLC分级与性别(P=0.022)、吸烟史(P=0.041)、脉管侵犯(P=0.004)、胸膜累及(P=0.001)、病理分期(P<0.001)、肿瘤直径(P<0.001)均显...     

晚期非小细胞肺癌患者外周血树突状细胞亚型与免疫状态关系研究

背景与目的非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者外周血中树突状细胞(DC)数量和功能的下降,与疾病的进展和预后相关。本研究旨在探讨NSCLC患者外周血DC亚型(CD11c DC和CD123 DC)和机体免疫功能的关系及其临床意义。方法应用免疫荧光三标记流式细胞术检测40例NSCLC患者外周血CD11c DC和CD123 DC、T细胞亚型及NK细胞含量,并以10例健康受试者作为对照。结果NSCLC患者外周血CD11c DC百分率为(0.38±0.18)%,比对照组[(0.66±0.24)%]明显降低(P<0.01),CD123 DC百分率[(0.28±0.17)%]与对照组[(0.27±0.11)%]相比,差异无显著性(P>0.05);肺癌患者与健康人比较,CD3 T细胞数量显著降低(P<0.01),CD4 /CD8 比值亦下降(P<0.05),CD8 T细胞及NK细胞含量均增高(P<0.05);CD3 T细胞数量同CD123 DC百分数呈正相关性(P<0.05),NK细胞的含量与CD123 DC百分数呈负相关(P<0.01);DC亚型百分率同患者的卡氏评分、化疗史有关联(P<0.01)。结论NSCLC患者DC低表达,而机体免疫功能显著下降。DC亚型与患者免疫状态之间以及它们与临床生物学行为之间都有一定关系。     

Assessing the relationship between marital status and cancer incidence: methodologic considerations

In registry-based population studies on marital status in relation to cancer, incidence rates sometimes have been calculated using marital status-specific populations that have been estimated by interpolation and extrapolation from census data as a denominator. Alternatively, other cancers from the same registry have been used to estimate the proportion of the population in each marital-status category in the calculation of the relative risk (RR) of a given cancer. Using cancer registry data from four United States populations for the years 1979–87, we compared the relative incidence estimated using each of the two methods. For selected cancers diagnosed during 1979–81, the age-adjusted risks of never-married Black persons were 1.5 to 2.2 times those of married persons when the population size was estimated from census data. The corresponding RRs were 0.7 to 1.1 when the control cancers were used. Among Whites, the differences between the two methods were about 20 to 30 percent. For both races, the difference between the methods was greater still for the years for which we relied on extrapolation to estimate the population (1981–87). The differences between the risk estimates from the two methods may be related to underenumeration in the census, inconsistent definitions of marital status between cancer registries and the census, errors in the extrapolation of the population, and/or the possible association of the incidence of control cancers with marital status. In the US, while each method has some potential for bias, we believe that the likelihood of bias is relatively greater using the censusbased method.This investigation was supported by grant number R35 CA39779 and contract number N01-CN-05230 awarded by the US National Cancer Institute.     

A phase 2 study of platinum and gemcitabine in patients with advanced salivary gland cancer

BACKGROUND:

Salivary gland cancers are rare, histologically diverse, and varied in their biologic behavior and responsiveness to systemic therapy. To the authors' knowledge, there currently is no standard chemotherapy for these tumors, but cisplatin‐based regimens are often used. This phase 2 trial evaluated the combination of gemcitabine with cisplatin (carboplatin in those with protocol‐defined contraindications to cisplatin).

METHODS:

Fit, consenting adult patients had advanced, metastatic, or locoregionally recurrent salivary gland cancer (any histologic subtype) that was not suitable for radiation or surgery. Therapy was comprised of gemcitabine at a dose of 1000 mg/m² administered intravenously on Days 1 and 8, and cisplatin at a dose of 70 mg/m² on Day 2, of a 21‐day cycle. If carboplatin was substituted, it was administered on Day 1, targeted to an area under the concentration‐time curve of 5 mg/mL/s. Response was assessed every 2 cycles according to Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors. Patients received up to 6 cycles. The primary endpoint was objective response. A 2‐stage design was used, with a response rate of 45% required to declare the regimen active.

RESULTS:

Thirty‐three eligible patients were enrolled, of whom 30 were response evaluable. Eight objective responses were observed (1 complete and 7 partial) for a response rate of 24% (95% confidence interval, 11‐42%), with responses observed in all histologic subtypes. Toxicity was within that expected for this combination.

CONCLUSIONS:

This regimen did not meet the predefined criteria to be declared active in advanced salivary gland cancers. Enrollment of patients with these rare cancers into well‐designed clinical trials remains an urgent priority. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.     

A case of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma with anaplastic features in the pineal gland

Background and importance

Different types of tumor have been reported in the pineal gland, but pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) in this region is extremely rare.

Clinical presentations

A 61-year-old man had gait disturbance and dementia for 1 month. Radiological examination revealed a 22 × 26 × 22-mm-diameter mass in the pineal gland and remarkable hydrocephalus. Biopsy of the tumor was performed and histological examination confirmed diagnosis of PXA with anaplastic features. Radiation therapy with concomitant temozolomide was performed, and tumor reduction was achieved.

Conclusion

We report the first case of PXA with anaplastic features in the pineal gland. This case indicates that temozolomide and radiation therapy are effective for treating PXA with anaplastic features.     

新疆特色饮食与胃癌关系的病例对照研究

目的探讨新疆特色饮食与胃癌的关系,给胃癌的一级预防提供一定的病因线索。方法选取2015年3月至2015年11月间新疆医科大学第一附属医院和新疆医科大学附属肿瘤医院收治的102例胃癌患者的病例资料为病例组,选取新疆医科大学第一附属医院同期健康体检者204例为对照组。查阅国内外相关文献并结合新疆特色饮食,制定调查量表,采用单因素及多因素非条件Logistic回归方法分析,探讨两组患者的饮食规律与胃癌之间的关系。结果经常吃巴旦木、核桃、牛奶和奶疙瘩,将减少胃癌的发生,OR值分别为:0.02、0.156、0.137和0.292;长期摄入烤肉、烤内脏、熏肉、烤包子、吸烟及不吃早饭与胃癌的发生呈正相关,OR值分别为:4.271、22.962、22.969、8.291、24.146和11.458。结论新疆地区特色坚果及奶制品可减少胃癌发生,特色烧烤可明显增加胃癌的患病风险。     

武夷岩茶与食管癌关系的病例对照研究

 目的　探讨武夷岩茶与食管癌的关系,为食管癌的预防提供依据。方法　采用1∶1匹配的病例对照研究方法,应用统一制订的调查表进行流行病学调查。共调查92对病例和对照。对资料进行单因素和多因素条件Logistic回归分析。结果　食管癌组饮茶率为73.91 %,低于对照组饮茶率84.78 %。条件Logistic回归分析表明,与从未饮茶者相比,有饮茶史者患食管癌危险降低（OR＝0.60,P＜0.05）。每周饮茶次数越多,罹患食管癌的危险性越低。开始饮茶年龄越早、饮茶年限越长,患病危险性越低。结论　饮用武夷岩茶可降低食管癌发病风险。     

武夷岩茶与食管癌关系的病例对照研究

目的 探讨武夷岩茶与食管癌的关系,为食管癌的预防提供依据.方法 采用1:1匹配的病例对照研究方法,应用统一制订的调查表进行流行病学调查.共调查92对病例和对照.对资料进行单因素和多因素条件Logistic回归分析.结果 食管癌组饮茶率为73.91%,低于对照组饮茶率84.78%.条件Logistic回归分析表明,与从未饮茶者相比,有饮茶史者患食管癌危险降低(OR=0.60,P<0.05).每周饮茶次数越多,罹患食管癌的危险性越低.开始饮茶年龄越早、饮茶年限越长,患病危险性越低.结论 饮用武夷岩茶可降低食管癌发病风险.     

武夷岩茶与食管癌关系的病例对照研究

目的 探讨武夷岩茶与食管癌的关系,为食管癌的预防提供依据.方法 采用1:1匹配的病例对照研究方法,应用统一制订的调查表进行流行病学调查.共调查92对病例和对照.对资料进行单因素和多因素条件Logistic回归分析.结果 食管癌组饮茶率为73.91%,低于对照组饮茶率84.78%.条件Logistic回归分析表明,与从未饮茶者相比,有饮茶史者患食管癌危险降低(OR=0.60,P<0.05).每周饮茶次数越多,罹患食管癌的危险性越低.开始饮茶年龄越早、饮茶年限越长,患病危险性越低.结论 饮用武夷岩茶可降低食管癌发病风险.     

树突状细胞浸润与肺癌预后相关性研究

目的　研究肿瘤浸润树突状细胞 (TIDC)在肺癌组织中的数量 ,以及与肺癌生物学行为的关系和对预后的价值。方法　用免疫组化法检测 39例肺癌组织S_10 0蛋白表达水平 ,流式细胞仪检测S_10 0 +TIDC的数量及DNA倍体。结果　 39例标本中S_10 0蛋白阳性表达率为 10 0 % ,S_10 0 +细胞具有典型树突状细胞形态学特征。异倍体肿瘤组织中S_10 0 +TIDC百分率为 2 1.81%± 8.18% ,明显高于二倍体肿瘤组织 ( 16 .0 3%±4.75 % )。有淋巴结转移组S_10 0 +TIDC百分率为 2 0 .43%± 7.74% ,无淋巴结转移组为 19.41%± 7.76 % ;肿瘤大于或等于 3cm组S_10 0 +TIDC百分率为 2 0 .90 %± 8.6 5 % ,小于 3cm组为 19.70 %± 7.6 1% ;非小细胞肺癌组S_10 0 +TIDC百分率为 19.48%± 7.98% ,小细胞肺癌组为 2 1.74%± 6 .17% ;存活期小于 1年组S_10 0 +TIDC百分率为 2 1.96 %± 8.0 5 % ,1～ 3年组为 19.47%± 6 .18% ,大于 3年组为 19.14 %± 8.76 %。经统计学分析 ,S_10 0 +TIDC数量与肿瘤大小、组织学类型、淋巴结转移情况及患者生存期之间均未见明显相关性。结论　TIDC数量在人类肺癌中不宜作为一个独立的预后指标。