腹腔镜手术治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎:附134例报告

目的 探讨应用腹腔镜手术治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎(AGP)的效果。方法 回顾性分析2000年以来采用腹腔镜手术治疗的AGP患者l34例临床资料。结果 全部患者均成功进行了腹腔镜手术治疗，其中行胆囊切除2l例；胆囊切除、胆总管切开探查引流113例，其中同时行胰腺被膜切开灌洗引流75例。治愈l26例(94．0％)，死亡6例(4．5％)，2例(1．5％)自动出院。结论 对急性胆源性胰腺炎患者早期采用经腹腔镜手术治疗，疗效满意，可明显改善预后，值得推广。     

老年人腹腔镜胆囊切除术的围手术期处理

目的探讨老年人腹腔镜胆囊切除术围手术期处理方法。方法回顾性分析我院2000年9月-2007年11月对760例老年胆囊疾病病人行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床资料。结果本组有748例成功实施了腹腔镜胆囊切除术，有12例因炎性粘连或机械故障等原因中转开腹。腹腔镜手术时间为30-100min，平均40min。术中平均出血量为20ml。发生手术后并发症11例。术后平均住院时间4d。结论只要重视围手术期的处理，对老年病人也可以安全地施行腹腔镜胆囊切除术。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除联合肝肾囊肿手术的应用

目的 :探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除 (LC)联合肝囊肿或肾囊肿部分切除减压术的疗效及适用性。方法 :回顾分析 15例LC联合肝囊肿或肾囊肿部分切除减压术的临床资料。结果 :15例LC联合肝、肾囊肿手术均获成功。手术时间 6 0～ 12 0min ,术后未发生严重并发症 ,康复顺利 ,平均住院 3～ 5d。随访 2～ 10月无复发。结论 :LC联合肝囊肿或肾囊肿部分切除减压术疗效肯定 ,操作方便 ,术中视野显露良好 ,患者创伤小 ,康复快 ,术后住院时间短 ,是兼患肝或肾囊肿的胆囊疾病患者最佳的手术方法     

开腹胆系术后腹腔镜胆系再手术

目的 :探讨开腹胆系手术后腹腔镜胆系再手术的疗效。方法 :2 7例开腹胆系术后胆系病变患者 ,应用腹腔镜在直视下建立气腹 ,分离钩、超声刀交替分离腹腔、肝下粘连 ,解剖残余胆囊、胆道 ,术中胆道造影 ,纠正解剖路线和术前诊断 ,在腹腔镜下行残留胆囊切除、胆道探查、取石、胆道Ⅰ期缝合、T管引流与胆肠吻合术。结果 :在腹腔镜下 2 7例的残留胆囊切除、胆道解剖、术中造影均获成功 ,排除胆道肿瘤 2例 ,完成LC7例 ,探查胆道、取石、胆道Ⅰ期缝合 4例 ,T管引流 13例 ,胆总管 十二指肠吻合 3例 ,其中老年胆总管囊肿 1例、老年胆道下段恶性肿瘤 2例 ,胆总管狭窄胆肠Roux en Y吻合术 1例 ,胆道肿瘤 2例存活 4 ～13个月 ,余者随访 1～37个月无近远期手术并发症发生。结论 :开腹胆系术后腹腔镜下胆系再手术安全有效 ,但对医师的手术技巧要求较高 ,应根据病情设计不同的手术方式。     

胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的微创治疗体会

目的:比较腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)联合腹腔镜胆总管探查术(laparoscopic common bile duct exploration,LCBDE)与内镜逆行胰胆管造影(endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP)、内镜十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术(endoscopic sphincterotomy,EST)+LC治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床疗效。方法:在2010年1月至2015年11月收治的胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者中选取可耐受腹腔镜手术、ERCP且ASA分级为Ⅰ~Ⅱ级的成年患者作为研究对象,危急重症胆囊炎、急性胆管炎及要求保守治疗的患者未纳入研究。分为两组:LC+LCBDE组与ERCP/EST+LC组,比较分析两组患者术中出血量、手术时间、住院时间、住院费用及术后并发症等指标。结果:共纳入76例患者,30例行LC+LCBDE,其中2例中转开腹;46例行ERCP/EST+LC,其中2例因ERCP取石失败,不予统计。两组患者术中出血量、术后并发症差异无统计学意义,LC+LCBDE组手术时间、住院时间、住院费用优于ERCP/EST+LC组,差异有统计学意义。结论:两种术式治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的疗效相当,但LC+LCBDE可能更加经济实惠。     

腹腔镜联合手术

目的 :探讨腹腔镜联合手术的临床应用价值。方法 :5 1例腹腔镜联合手术的患者中行腹腔镜胆囊切除术加肝囊肿开窗引流术 12例 ,腹腔镜胆囊切除加附件切除术 2例 ,腹腔镜胆囊切除加左肾囊肿开窗引流术 2例 ,腹腔镜胆囊切除加腹腔粘连松解术 35例。均先行腹腔镜胆囊切除 ,再完成腹腔镜下的其他手术。观察术后并发症发生情况、平均住院时间、肠功能恢复时间、下床活动时间和术后疼痛情况等治疗效果。结果 :5 1例腹腔镜联合手术均获得成功 ,无 1例中转开腹 ,无并发症发生。其术后住院时间平均为 (3 5± 1 2 )d ,肠功能恢复时间平均为 (19 9± 9 3)h ,下床活动时间平均为 (2 0 5± 9 9)h ,术后疼痛轻微 ,仅 7例患者需使用镇痛药。医疗费用明显低于 2次手术费用的总和。结论 :只要严格掌握手术指征 ,腹腔镜联合手术能够安全有效地一次性处理 2种或 2种以上腹部病变 ,减轻患者的痛苦 ,节省医疗费用。     

OUTPATIENT LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY

Background : Outpatient laparoscopic surgery has been adopted by number of centres but an assessment of the patients' view of postoperative symptoms and satisfaction has not been reported. This study was undertaken to prospectively assess protocol for outpatient laparoscopic surgery established with the aims of minimizing postoperative symptoms and optimizing same–day discharge. Methods : Patients were considered appropriate for an outpatient laparoscopic procedure if they met the following criteria: if they were less than 70 years of age; if they were ASA category I or II; if they lived within 30 min of healthcare facility; and if they had an appropriate escort to accompany them on discharge and who would stay with the patient on the night after surgery. Clinical data were prospectively recorded. A telephone interview was carried out on the day after surgery to assess postoperative symptoms and patient satisfaction. Results : One hundred patients were planned for outpatient laparoscopic surgery (60 laparoscopic cholecystectomy, 36 laparoscopic groin hernia repair, and four miscellaneous); 95 of them were discharged on the day of surgery. The five patients remained in hospital because of surgical indications rather than complications of the anaesthetic. There were no readmissions on subsequent days. The telephone interview showed that pain was adequately controlled for 84% of patients, and that nausea (9%) and vomiting (4%) were uncommon. One hundred per cent of patients considered the anaesthetic and nursing care to be good or excellent, and 95% indicated they would have outpatient surgery for future similar procedure. Twenty-nine per cent felt well enough to return to work on the second postoperative day. Conclusions : The success of this programme relates to patient selection and education, appropriate anaesthesia and defined anaesthetic and surgical protocol.     

腹腔镜下复杂胆囊三角的处理体会(附668例报告)

目的:探讨腹腔镜下复杂胆囊三角的处理技巧。方法:回顾分析2000年2月至2011年10月为668例复杂胆囊患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)的临床资料,对萎缩性胆囊炎、胆囊管结石、急性胆囊炎等复杂情况采取相应的手术技巧,细致解剖胆囊三角。结果:644例顺利完成LC;24例中转开腹,其中Mirizzi综合征Ⅱ～Ⅳ型5例,胆囊三角致密粘连15例,胆囊十二指肠内瘘2例,胆管损伤行胆管修复及T管引流2例,分别于术后6个月、12个月拔除T管。16例术后发生胆漏,均保守治愈。术后随访,无严重并发症发生。结论:腹腔镜复杂胆囊切除术中细致解剖胆囊三角是手术成功的关键,胆囊三角致密粘连、Mirizzi综合征Ⅱ型～Ⅳ型或内瘘形成等是中转手术的指征。     

合并心肺血管疾病老年患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术的围手术期处理

目的探讨合并心肺血管疾病的老年患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC）的围手术期治疗经验。方法对2000年1月-2008年6月225例老年患者LC的术前准备及术中、术后处理进行回顾性分析。结果222例成功行LC,3例中转开腹手术。无胆管损伤、胆漏等并发症。7例术后出现肺部感染,3例出现泌尿系感染,经抗炎治疗后痊愈;心肌缺血改变3例。结论正确掌握手术适应证,术前充分准备,术中仔细操作,术中、术后周密的监护和处理,LC对老年患者是安全的。     

腹腔镜胆囊、子宫联合切除术围手术期的处理(附78例报告)

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊、子宫联合切除术围手术期的处理措施。方法:回顾分析78例腹腔镜胆囊、子宫联合切除术的临床资料。78例中腹腔镜胆囊切除术联合腹腔镜子宫次全切除术45例,联合腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫切除术11例,联合全子宫切除术22例。结果:78例联合手术均获成功。手术时间(120.1±56.3)min,术中出血(288.1±102.5)ml,术后住院(6.1±2.0)d。无中转开腹及胆道、输尿管、膀胱损伤。结论:正确把握手术适应证,术前充分准备,熟练掌握操作技巧,术后妥善处理,腹腔镜子宫、胆囊联合切除术安全可行。     

“一勾到底法”在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中预防并发症的应用体会(附173771例报告)

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)中应用电剥离钩"一勾到底法"的应用价值。方法:回顾分析1992年2月至2012年2月为173 771例患者行LC的临床资料,其中133 606例术中采用以电剥离钩为主的"一勾到底法"(观察组),应用"勾、打、压、推、撕、割、挑"操作技巧。同期为40 165例患者行常规LC(对照组),观察"一勾到底法"在减少手术并发症、缩短手术时间等方面的效果。结果:观察组36例(0.0269%)发生手术并发症,175例(0.131%)中转开腹,无一例死亡;胆囊分离切除时间一般为5 min,术后住院3～5 d。对照组60例(0.149%)发生并发症,431例(1.073%)中转开腹,3例死亡。两组患者并发症发生率、中转开腹率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:LC术中应用"一勾到底法"可明显减少手术并发症,缩短手术时间、麻醉时间,减少出血量,减轻患者痛苦,术后康复快,在胆囊切除与胆道外科领域充分发挥了微创手术的优势,值得推广。     

应用腹腔镜技术施行腹部联合手术(附120例报告)

目的:总结120例应用腹腔镜技术施行腹部联合手术的治疗结果。方法:回顾性分析2001年10月至2004年6月间进行的120例应用腹腔镜技术的腹部联合手术,其中胆囊切除联合胃手术10例;胆囊与阑尾联合切除术7例;胆囊切除联合腹股沟斜疝修补术8例;胆囊切除联合肾囊肿开窗引流术20例,肝囊肿开窗引流术32例,肝肾囊肿开窗引流术6例,卵巢囊肿切除术3例;胆囊与子宫肌瘤联合切除9例;胆囊与脾脏联合切除术1例;胆囊切除联合直肠癌根治术5例(其中开腹行Dixon手术2例);腹腔镜下带血管蒂回肠段移植阴道成形术11例;食管下段癌经腹腔镜胃分离术3例;肠粘连松解联合阑尾切除术3例,子宫内膜异位症与阑尾联合切除术2例。结果:120例联合手术均获成功,无并发症。结论:将腹腔镜技术应用于腹部联合手术应正确选择手术适应证和手术顺序,方能安全、有效地处理两种或两种以上的腹部病变因减轻了本需开腹作联合手术的腹部创伤,具有明显的社会效益和经济效益。     

快速康复理念在肝胆外科围手术期的体会

【摘要】〓目的〓探讨腹腔镜及胆道镜在肝胆手术快速康复外科的应用。方法〓分析总结2009年11月至2014年5月192例行肝胆手术患者采用快速康复外科理念指导下进行诊治,及腹腔镜及胆道镜在肝胆手术中应用的经验和体会。结果〓死亡病例。192例病人远期随访,行保胆取石114例,有4例复发,1例行胆囊切除术,3例无明显症状,予以定期随访。经“T”管窦道胆道镜探查取石46例,均经1次到最多5次完成取石。其他肝胆手术32例,2例出现但漏,经保守均治愈。结论〓肝胆手术中,只要发挥腹腔镜及胆道镜优势,能够体现快速康复外科的理念。     

Asymptomatic cholelithiasis in children with sickle cell disease: early or delayed cholecystectomy?

SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Our study aimed to evaluate the role of elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) and asymptomatic cholelithiasis and, furthermore, to determine whether the outcome is related to the operation timing. METHODS: The records of 30 children with SCD diagnosed with cholelithiasis from June 1995 to September 2005 were retraspectively reviewed. All 30 children were asymptomatic at the time of the first visit, and an elective LC was proposed to all of them. The operation was accepted in the period of study by 16 children and refused by 14. During medical observation, 10 of the 14 children who refused surgery were admitted for severe biliary colics. Acute cholecystitis was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasound in 3 cases and in 1 case choledocholithiasis, ultrasonographically suspected, was confirmed by magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and treated during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). All children, emergency admitted, underwent LC after the onset of symptoms. The patients were divided up into 2 groups (A: asymptomatic; B: symptomatic) depending on clinical presentation and operation timing and the respective outcomes were compared. RESULTS: Elective LC in asymptomatic children (group A) is safe with no major complications reported. During medical observation in children who refused elective surgery (group B), 6 biliary colics, 3 acute cholecystitis, and 1 choledocholithiasis were observed. Three sickle cell crises occurred in symptomatic children during biliary colics. The correlation between cholecystectomy performed in asymptomatic children (group A) and cholecystectomy performed in symptomatic children (group B) showed significant differences in the outcome. Morbidity rate and postoperative stay increased when children with SCD underwent emergency LC. CONCLUSIONS: Elective LC should be the gold standard in children with SCD and asymptomatic cholelithiasis to prevent the potential complications of biliary colics, acute cholecystitis, and choledocholithiasis, which lead to major risks, discomfort, and longer hospital stay.     

Intraoperative findings and postoperative complications in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: the Greek experience with 5,539 patients in a single center

BACKGROUND: This is a retrospective study presenting the experience of a teaching-oriented laparoendoscopic unit with laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in order to add data to the international literature concerning issues such as epidemiology, intraoperative findings, conversion and complication rates. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this study 5539 consecutive patients who underwent LC between 1990 and 2000 were included. Elective (n=4903) or emergent (n=636) LC was performed in all but 99 patients (who were converted to the open procedure). Conversion rate, complication rate, mortality, and length of stay were the main outcome parameters in this study. RESULTS: There was no intraoperative or in-hospital mortality in our series. The conversion rate was 1.8%. The complication rate was 2.92% (162 patients). The vast majority of our patients (92%) were discharged from the hospital on the first postoperative day. CONCLUSIONS: LC is a safe technique when up-to-date equipment and meticulous dissection techniques are employed. A specialized laparoscopic unit is important in a general surgery department, to have an experienced laparoscopic surgeon in all cases. In our opinion this is the only way to minimize common bile duct injuries and the rates of other major complications.     

腹腔镜技术在泌尿系和胆囊疾病中的联合应用

目的：探讨腹腔镜技术在泌尿系和胆囊疾病中联合应用的可行性及应用前景。方法：回顾性分析2001年10月～2004年6月间施行的腹腔镜联合手术28例,分别为腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)联合肾脏切除术4例,联合肾囊肿去顶减压术22例,联合肾上腺切除术2例。结果：1例右侧肾上腺结核病者因与下腔静脉粘连严重改行开放手术,其余联合手术均获成功。手术时间50～150min,平均110min;术中出血10～50ml,平均20ml;术后12～36h肛门排气,无并发症。术后住院4～6天,平均4,7天。结论：只要严格掌握联合手术指征,腹腔镜联合手术就能够安全、有效地同时处理泌尿系及胆囊共存疾病,具有良好的应用前景。     

THE EFFECT OF SCHEDULED REPEAT ENDOSCOPY ON PEPTIC ULCER REBLEEDING—A PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

The role of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in management of acute cholecystitis remained controversial. Unless contraindicated or refused, early laparoscopic cholecystectomy was offered to patients suffered from acute cholecystitis in our department. Patients data and outcome were collected and analyzed to assess the safety and efficacy of the procedure and to identify predictive factors for conversion. From January 1999 to December 2000, a total of 78 patients with diagnosis of acute cholecystitis were operated. 18 patients had immediate open operation due to previous upper abdominal surgery, or presence of septic shock/peritonitis. Laparoscopic cholecystomy (LC) were successful in 41 (68.3%) of the remaining 60 patients and converted in 19 (31.7%). No mortality was found in the successful or attempted laparoscopic group but 3 patients died in the open group, probably due to poorer premorbid state. The successful LC group had the best outcome in terms of shorter postoperative stay (mean 8.2 days) and less complication rate (7.3%). The only statistically significant predictive factor for conversion are WBC count >19 × 10⁹/L and duration of symptoms of more than 72 hours after onset. Conclusion: Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis is safe and effective when operated within 72 hours of symptom onset before significant sepsis occur.     

Laparoscopic colorectal surgery in urgent and emergent settings

Laparoscopic colectomy (LC) is slowly becoming the standard of care for elective resections. The use of LC in the emergency setting is relatively unstudied. Authors describe their experience with a series of 34 emergent and urgent LC cases for a variety of benign and neoplastic colorectal diseases, admitted from 2007 to 2009 at Emergency Department of a tertiary level hospital, comparing laparoscopic group with matched control open group. Twenty-one LC was performed for benign complicated disease, 12 for malignant disease and 1 for iatrogenic perforation during colonoscopy. Two cases were converted to open procedure (5.8%), the average operative time was 188 minutes (SD 61.84). The average postoperative length of hospital stay was 6.57 days (SD 1.75), with no postoperative mortality and no major morbidity. Results of laparoscopic group compared with 61 patients treated with open colorectal procedure confirm the advantages of laparoscopic approach similar to those established in elective colorectal surgery. With increasing experience, LC would be a feasible and an effective option in nonelective situations lowering complication rate and length of hospital stay.     

肝硬化患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术78例报告

目的探讨肝硬化合并胆囊结石患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术（1aparoscopie cholecystectomy,LC）的可行性。方法2000年5月～2010年5月,78例肝硬化合并胆囊结石行四孔法LC,全麻,术前、术后加强保肝治疗。结果76例成功完成LC,手术时间20～110min,平均37min;术中出血量10～200ml,平均35ml。2例因术中出血,中转开腹完成胆囊切除术。术后出现胆囊床渗血6例、肝功能障碍12例、感染13例。74例平均随访13个月（6～24个月）,症状消失,无胆道并发症发生,14例有慢性腹水等肝功能不全表现,内科治疗好转但易复发。结论对肝功能ChildA、B级肝硬化合并胆囊结石的患者施行LC是安全可行的,可作为肝硬化合并胆囊结石的首选术式。     

Outpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy in Hong Kong Chinese -- an outcome analysis

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is now the procedure of choice for symptomatic gallbladder disease. Although many recent studies, mostly from abroad, report that it can be performed safely in the outpatient setting, the experience of outpatient LC in Hong Kong is still limited. This retrospective study evaluated the feasibility, safety and patient acceptance of outpatient LC in Hong Kong Chinese patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The data of 73 consecutive patients who had undergone outpatient LC between February 2000 and October 2002 in the Day Surgery Centre of Tung Wah Hospital were prospectively collected and reviewed. The selection criteria for patients undergoing outpatient LC included American Society of Anesthesiologists risk classification I or II, age less than 70 years, and the availability of a competent adult to accompany the patient home and look after them for 24 hours. No effort was made to exclude complicated cases. After assessment by the operating surgeon, patients were discharged from the Day Surgery Centre in the afternoon when their clinical condition satisfied pre-defined discharge criteria. All patients were followed up in the Day Surgery Centre in the first and fourth postoperative weeks. RESULTS: The same-day discharge rate was 88% and the conversion rate was 4%. Six patients (8.2%) with uneventful LC required hospitalization after the procedure. There was no major complication and no unplanned admission. Two patients had port site wound infection requiring hospital admission at the first follow-up. Patient satisfaction was high, pain acceptance was good, and analgesic consumption was minimal. Mild fat intolerance was common in patients postoperatively (> 50%), but this had almost all resolved by postoperative week four. All patients were able to resume their usual daily activities within 2 weeks after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: LC is a safe and feasible outpatient procedure in Hong Kong, with high levels of patient satisfaction. A prospective study with a larger patient population is warranted to verify whether it should be recommended as treatment for gallstone disease in selected patients in future.