仿中医脉象传感器的研究与应用

脉象传感器是研究中医脉诊，检测脉象信号的关键器件，在进行“脉象智能分析系统”的研究中，我们首先对脉象传感器进行了探索和研究，研制了三头式仿中医脉象传感器，并在临床进行了实际应用，得到满意的测试结果。     

基于小波变换的脉搏波信号去噪

人体脉象信号是一种信噪比较低的非平稳随机信号,在分析脉象信号之前去噪是一项十分重要的工作。针对小波变换中的阈值法进行公式上的改进,并利用ZM—ⅢC型智能化中医脉象仪采集到的亚健康人群左关外桡动脉脉搏信号进行去噪处理,实验结果表明,改进后的阈值法可以取得更好的去噪效果。     

国人桡动脉起源的观测(摘要)

<正> 为中医脉象研究提供这方面材料,本文调查了78具尸体,计156例的测量时采用肱骨内,外上髁的连线,即髁间线作为桡动脉起源类型的标志,并观察桡动脉起源的部位及其至髁间线的距离。其结果如下:一、橇动脉起源部位桡动脉起源干肱动脉的151例(左侧73、右侧78)占96.8%。起源于腋动脉的5例(左侧2、右侧3),占3.2%。     

脉象计算机识别和分类研究初探（摘要）

切脉在中医辨证方面占有很重要的地位,本文提出了模糊属性区间方法,在计算机上进行了脉象分类研究。 通过脉象仪进入到计算机的脉象信号采用了峰单元表达方式,而脉象模式的属性训练是通过下述方法进行的:设某类脉象训练模式为     

寸口桡动脉助弯曲振动与管壁轴向张力

本文用实验方法探讨了寸口桡动脉与心律同步的弯曲振动,寸、关、尺三部位桡动脉弯曲振动的强弱与方向存在着差异。横动脉管壁轴向张力变化是引起这种弯曲振动的主要原因,桡动脉轴向张力的大小与脉象的弦、缓特性相关。     

中医脉象发生仪的研制

目的利用工程学方法形象客观地模拟人体各种脉象。方法构建了一个符合人体构造的运动的流体模型，在此基础上开发了一套针对中医诊断教学的模拟系统——中医脉象发生仪。该系统将中医学与仿生学、机械学、传感技术及计算机技术等工程学方法结合起来。结果它成功模拟了人体常见的26种脉象，体现了各种脉象的指下特征，适用于课堂教学、教学测试和科学研究等方面。结论借助于这种模型，研究人员可以深入进行血液流变学、脉诊学、脉象特征提取等方面的研究。     

一种描述针刺对脉象影响的方法

针刺与脉象在传统中医观念中是紧紧联系在一起的.本课题针对这一传统理论,建立一个基于频域上的模拟函数得出的脉象频谱数学模型,并用此模型来检验针刺前后脉象发生的结构上的变化.由量化的脉象信号得出的大量统计数据显示,脉象在频域上的包络线呈指数衰减的趋势,并且针刺后其拟合率更高.由统计结果得出,脉象在频域上的衰减率明显增大.同时,从数学上说明了其衰减率的增大等价于脉象在时域上的降中峡、重搏波,及低频涨落程度的变化,也对时域上的脉象作了新的数学模型的模拟.本项研究证实了针刺对脉象具有调整作用.     

模糊数学在中医脉象模式识别中应用

模糊数学在中医脉象模式识别中应用陈荣山１陈东汉２１福州大学计算机科学系（３５００２）２福建省中医药研究院（３５００）１脉诊是中医问诊的重要组成部分，它在临床诊断中起着主要作用。中医通常运用指感来判断人体脉象。为了使脉象分析客观化和自动化，医务界自５０...     

基于高精度计算的中医加速度脉象图研究

为了从中医脉象图中获取更多有价值的信息,本文在总结传统加速度脉象图计算的基础上提出了一种新的高精度加速度脉象图计算算法,能够适应大数据量、高分辨率的全数字脉象图分析要求,优化了加速度脉象图绘制流程,减少了噪音对数据分析的影响,提高了图像细节辨别能力。同时还运用频谱分析手段对高精度加速度脉象图进行分析,克服了传统加速度脉象数据噪声多、损失大的缺点,发现了新的中医平脉、滑脉、弦脉的加速度频谱图特征点,能够对中医脉象图在其加速度计算频域层面进行识别。     

脉象图的参数模型及其应用研究

作者采用双弹性腔模型，将心脏作为模型的输入信号，实验得到的桡动脉脉搏波作为模型的输出，利用系统辩识技术对脉象图进行客观化研究，从而估计出模型中有生理意义的参数；并用这些参数作为脉搏波的特征值。通过对运动前后参数变化的比较，得到有益的结果。     

弹性管中纵向位移波分析

在以前对弹性管中脉搏波的传播的理论分析中，一般只注意弹性管径向位移波的传播，为了了解纵向位移在弹性管，特别在动脉管中的性状，本文分析弹性管中纵向位移波的传播，并将其与径向位移波从波速和波的衰减两个方面在生理范围内进行了比较，定量刻划了这两种波对心血管系统影响的大小程度，结果表明，在大多数情况和大多数动脉管中，纵向位移波对心血管系统影响较径向位移波小得多，可以不加考虑，但在某些特殊情况下，纵向位移波与径向位移波同样重要。     

Angiologic observations following radial artery flap elevation: a case report

Since the introduction of the radial forearm flap in 1981, its inherent vascular morbidity in sacrificing the radial artery has been strongly criticized. In the present paper, a case report is presented where postoperative angiography showed an important contribution of the anterior interosseous artery to hand vascularity two years after raising a reverse flow distally based pedicle radial forearm flap for dorsal hand resurfacing. In order to analyze this finding, further vascular investigations using Color Duplex Imaging examinations for quantitative flow measurements comparing blood flow rates in both right and left forearm arteries were carried out in this patient. Contrary to expectations, results from vascular examinations revealed that overall blood flow in donor forearm arteries was greater than in the contralateral forearm, the anterior interosseous artery showing the greatest difference in blood flow. These data seem to indicate that another major vascular axis based on the anterior interosseous artery develops after removing the radial artery when harvesting the radial forearm flap and that global arterial inflow to the hand is not impaired.     

The deep axillary artery

An aberrant axillary artery running deep to the brachial plexus during its course was observed. The brachial plexus in this case was formed by the fourth cervical nerve to the first thoracic nerve and the radial nerve received a small nerve bundle (accessory radial nerve root) from the posterior aspect of the lower trunk. The axillary artery passed between the lateral and the medial cords of the brachial plexus, the same as for an ordinary axillary artery. In addition, it passed between their posterior divisions, forming the posterior cord, and further ran between the radial nerve root and the accessory radial nerve root from deep to superficial. This axillary artery was recognized as the deep axillary artery, the same as the axillary artery we have reported previously. It was thought that the branches to the subscapularis and serratus anterior muscles, nutrient branch to the radial nerve root and the subscapular artery played important roles in its formation.     

Hybrid Cardiopulmonary Model for Analysis of Valsalva Maneuver with Radial Artery Pulse

A comprehensive model, which has the advantages of both lumped parameter and distributed parameter, has been developed with the objective of investigating the respiratory influences in radial artery pressure pulse as in photoplethysmography (PPG). It integrates lumped parameter cardiopulmonary (CP) model and transmission line arterial tree model from aorta to radial artery. The cardio-pulmonary interaction is realized by incorporating respiratory-induced variations in intrapleural pressure (Ppl) in circulatory system. The PPG signal of the model is considered as the radial artery pulse. To investigate the interaction Valsalva Maneuver (VM) condition has been simulated for different Ppl magnitude (10, 20, 30, and 40 mmHg) and for different time duration (5, 10, 15, and 20 s), and validated with PPG signal recorded in 10 normal subjects performing VM. The effects of test duration and VM pressure are studied in both the simulation and the experiments with specific focus on the maximal (%∆) changes in Heart Rate (HR), and Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) during phases II and IV of VM. The correlation coefficients derived from model result have good agreement with experimental results. As radial artery pulse plays important role in both allopathy and alternate medicine systems, this model can serve to study its clinical importance in detecting cardiac and respiratory pathologies.     

Deep palmar arch patterns in Brazilian individuals

The deep palmar arch is very important in the blood supply to the hand. Consequently, the radial artery and the deep palmar arch were studied in 60 hands from 30 cadavers of adult Brazilian individuals, of both sexes. The cadavers belong to the Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil. The hand arteries were injected with red stained latex neoprene the deep palmar arch was observed in 59 preparations (98.3%). The arch conformation was classified in two groups, according to the course of the radial artery through the interosseous spaces from the dorsal to the deep palmar region. In group I the radial artery passed through the first interosseous space, and was observed in 51 preparations (85.0%) in group II, the artery passed through the second interosseous space, and was observed in 8 preparations (13.3%). In each group the arches were subdivided according to the number and origin of the deep palmar branch. In group I the arch was formed by the radial artery anastomosing with one deep palmar branch in 41 cases (68.3%), and with two deep palmar branches in 10 cases (16.7%). These branches originated from the ulnar artery, ulnar proper palmar digital artery of the little finger or the common palmar digital artery of the fourth interosseous space. In group II the deep palmar arch was formed by the radial artery anastomosing with one deep palmar branch in 7 cases (11.7%) and in only one case (1.7%) with two deep palmar branches. Knowledge of the arterial variations is very important for surgical procedures in the palmar region.     

一种桡动脉脉搏信号的自动检波算法

现有的基于桡动脉脉搏波的心血管功能参数检测仪能够无创地检测心血管参数,但要求使用者具备一定的医学知识,需人工判断用于检测心血管功能参数的脉搏波波形,从而降低了仪器的普适性.本文利用小波变换对脉搏波进行分析,实现了一种新的基于连续小波变换的桡动脉脉搏波检波算法.实验结果表明:该算法准确性好,能有效提高心血管功能参数检测的智能化程度,降低操作难度,有利于心血管功能检测仪在家庭医疗保健中的推广使用.     

Radial artery running beneath the biceps tendon and its interrelation between the radial recurrent arteries

A radial artery running beneath the biceps tendon was found in the cadaver of a Japanese woman during a student dissection course at Kumamoto University School of Medicine in 2006. The brachial artery bifurcated into the radial artery and the ulnar artery in the cubital fossa, and the radial artery twisted laterally running beneath the biceps tendon, and when it was situated laterally to the tendon, twisted distally at the level of the radial tuberosity, and then twisted medially again. After the radial artery passed over the biceps tendon, it turned distally and continued as a normal radial artery. The superficial brachial artery, which coexisted with the brachial artery, was given off from the axillary artery and it continued to the final twist of the radial artery. The course of this radial artery is similar to the arterial rings surrounding the biceps tendon, found during the same dissection course. The arterial rings were formed between the brachial artery and the radial artery, and their proximal origins ran beneath the biceps tendon, while the distal origins were superficial. The present arterial variation is thought to have occurred when the normal part of the radial artery in the cubital fossa was substituted by the arterial ring, coexisting with the superficial brachial artery, which usually disappears during normal development. Furthermore, it is suggested that a part of the arterial ring always remains as a radial recurrent artery.     

Rare variation of the axillary artery

The third part of the axillary artery unilaterally divides into two major arterial stems, named according to their localization as deep brachial artery and superficial brachial artery (brachial artery). The deep brachial artery gives off the posterior circumflex humeral artery, anterior circumflex humeral artery, subscapular artery, and profunda brachii artery. It continues its course in the arm lateral to the median nerve and terminates by giving a minute twig to the radial artery. The superficial brachial artery is larger in caliber than the deep brachial artery and gives no branches in the arm region. In the cubital fossa it gives the ulnar and the radial arteries. This case is a variant of the axillary artery that has been rarely (0.12-3.2%) documented in the literature. Accurate knowledge of the normal and variant arterial anatomy of the axillary artery is important for clinical procedures in this region. Clin. Anat. 13: 66-68, 2000.     

Three-Dimensional Motion of the Radial Artery and the Spatiality,Rhythmicity, Formability and Intensity of TCM Pulse Diagnosis

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) pulse diagnosis can reflect the condition of human bodies. 44 young healthy human beings were involved in the investigation of the relationship between the three dimensional motion of the radial artery and the spatiality, rhythmicity, formability and intensity of TCM pulse diagnosis in TCM pulse diagnostics. The color Doppler vascular imaging, the self-designed cardioelectric phasic marking and non-pressure arm bath-tube were used in the study. Both the radial artery and other arm superficial arteries had three forms of motion, namely diametrical motion, axial motion and the displacement of the axial center. The three forms of motion changed periodically, which was identical with that found in pulsation. The displacement of the vascular axial center was a three-dimensional message of the overall vascular revolving motion observed on a two-e level. Systematically studying the rules of vascular motion and the relationship between the rules of vascular motion and the spatiality, rhythmicity, formability and intensity of TCM pulse patterns has great significance in revealing the specificity of the vascular motion and explaining the mechanisms in the formation of TCM pulse diagnosis. This research could make TCM pulse diagnosis more understandable.     

桡动脉与冠状动脉几何性状和显微结构成份的比较

目的：通过对桡动脉与冠状动脉几何性状和显微结构成份的比较研究，为桡动脉应用于冠状动脉搭桥术提供依据。方法：非心脏病死亡的尸体，在其桡动脉的上端、中点、下端及冠状动脉主干根部，横断取材制作切片，光镜下观察并用图像分析仪对其显微结构成份进行定量研究。结果：桡动脉的内、外径与冠状动脉的前室间支、旋支、右冠状动脉接近，但它的内膜面积和管腔狭窄率均明显低于冠状动脉。桡动脉与冠状动脉的显微结构成份相似；管壁平滑肌的含量二者无显著差异。结论：桡动脉是冠脉搭桥术可供选择的较理想的移植血管。