胃隐血珠加胃镜检查在上消化道体检中应用

[目的]评价健康体检中应用胃隐血珠加胃镜检查法对上消化道癌及癌前病变的意义.[方法]用秦氏胃隐血珠对上消化道系统进行初筛16782人,对阳性及强阳性者再进行胃镜检查,明确诊断.[结果]1561例胃镜检查中566例咬取活检,病理诊断癌68例,其中食管癌26例,胃癌42例.早期癌16例,占23,5%.慢性胃炎伴重度肠化生16例,伴重度异型增生5例;食管重度异型增生4例.[结论]应用秦氏胃隐血珠加胃镜检查法,对健康体检人群进行上消化道肿瘤检查,是一种简便易行的方法,可以提高早期癌及癌前病变的检出率.     

提高上消化道早期癌检出率的方法探讨

胃镜检查和组织病理学检查是确诊上消化道癌的可靠方法,尤其对早期癌和癌前病变的发现非常重要。2004年林州市被卫生部确定为我国首批食管癌早诊早治示范基地。至2014年6月,我们在林州食管癌早诊早治示范基地用胃镜共筛查27 388人,检出重度不典型增生、早期癌857例,中晚期癌90例,阳性检出率3.46%(947/27 388),早诊率为90.50%(857/947)。     

以隐血检测法初筛普查上消化道肿瘤七年总结

我院采用隐血珠答为普查上消化道肿瘤的初步筛选方法，从１９８６年至１９９３年，在全国各地２０余个地区，作隐血检测２４２２９６人，其中１７９１５人接受了胃镜检查，病理证实为肿瘤共６３８人，平均癌检出率为３．５６％，得出 的结论是采用隐血检测法普查上消化道肿瘤，特异性虽不是很高，但可以发现大量的早期癌，同时提供上消化道粘膜潜在的疾病信息。     

以隐血检测法初筛普查上消化道肿瘤七年总结

我院采用隐血珠作为普查上消化道肿瘤的初步筛选方法，从1986年至1993年，在全国各地20余个地区，作隐血检测242296人，其中17915人接受了胃镜检查，病理证实为肿瘤的共638人，平均癌检出率为3．56％。得出的结论是采用隐血检测法普查上消化道肿瘤，特异性虽不是很高，但可以发现大显的早期癌，同时提供上消化道粘膜潜在的疾病信息。     

1037例胃镜普查对上消化道早期癌的诊断

１０３７例胃镜普查对上消化道早期癌的诊断伊峰辉，王国清河北峰峰矿务局五矿医院（邯郸市０５６２０１）１９９４年７至８月，我们在上消化道癌高发地区峰峰矿区对７７４７例人员普查初筛，１０３７例做了胃镜检查，经活检病理证实发现上消化道癌２９例，检出率为２．８...     

2015~2018年云南省昆明市上消化道癌筛查结果分析

摘 要：［目的］ 分析2015～2018年云南省昆明市城市癌症早诊早治项目上消化道癌筛查结果。［方法］ 在40～74岁昆明市居民中,采用问卷调查评估出上消化道癌高危人群;经知情同意后进行胃镜检查及活检病理诊断,并对筛查结果进行分析。［结果］ 95 296人完成上消化道癌危险因素评估,高风险25 300人,高风险率为26.55%。实际完成临床筛查6158人,依从性24.34％;其中女性依从性(26.67％)高于男性(20.66％),50～59岁年龄组的依从性最高(26.75％),各年龄组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。纳入胃镜及病理诊断筛查结果分析共5068例。胃镜下食管病变阳性率为5.76%;胃炎检出率为89.27%,胃及十二指肠溃疡检出率为7.44%,胃息肉为6.02%,胃黏膜病变为1.42%。病理诊断食管癌前病变检出率为1.07%,食管癌检出率为0.04%;胃癌前病变检出率为4.06%,胃癌及其他恶性肿瘤为0.06%。不同性别及不同年龄组中,食管癌前病变和食管癌检出率均无差异（P＞0.05）。不同性别胃癌前病变检出无差异（P＞0.05）,60~69岁和70岁以上年龄组胃癌前病检检出率高于40~49岁和50~59岁年龄组（P=0.003）。［结论］以问卷调查评估为基础,结合胃镜及病理诊断,能提高早期发现、早期诊断和早期治疗的比例,降低上消化道癌发病率和死亡率,提高患者生活质量,减轻个人和社会经济负担。     

2018—2019年河北省城市上消化道癌筛查结果分析

摘 要：［目的］ 分析2018—2019年河北省城市癌症早诊早治项目中上消化道癌筛查结果。［方法］ 按照河北省城市癌症早诊早治中上消化道癌筛查流程,在石家庄市和唐山市选定社区年龄40~74岁的当地居民,通过问卷调查之后采用国家统一评估模型评估出高危人群,进一步通过内镜检查,发现早期上消化道病变,必要时通过病理进行确诊。［结果］ 2018—2019年度,河北省城癌项目共计37 849人完成上消化道癌危险因素问卷调查,评估出上消化道癌高危人群9222例,总体高危率为24.37%。其中1838人参加了上消化道内镜检查,完成病理检查1154人,病理检查率为62.79%。进行病理诊断者年龄主要分布在50~64岁。经内镜检查及病理诊断,共检出6例上消化道癌患者,总检出率为0.33%,其中胃癌3例,检出率为0.16%,食管癌3例,检出率为0.16%。胃癌前病变检出27例,检出率为1.47%,食管癌前病变检出3例,检出率为0.16%。［结论］ 通过问卷调查评估出高危人群后,采用上消化道内镜结合病理学检查的筛查手段能够有效检出上消化道癌及癌前病变。     

秦氏隐血珠在上消化道癌初筛普查中实用价值的调查研究——附31972例初筛人群5、10年随访资料分析

目的：通过对隐血珠初筛人群及癌患5年、10年随访,进一步证实隐血珠对上消化道癌初筛普查的实用价值。方法：空腹时吞入隐血珠,3-5分钟拉出,观察珠内试纸的变化,黄色为阴性（-）,浅蓝色为（ ）,蓝色为（ ）,深蓝色为（ ）,5年、10年后对隐血珠初筛人群及癌患通过三级防癌网络进行全员随访。结果：初筛普查31927人,阳性组3347人做胃镜,经病理确诊为癌患125人,癌检出率3.74%,阴性组645人做胃镜,确诊癌患9人,癌检出率1.4%,两组中早期癌患共78人,占62.4%,性别、年龄、隐血珠反应均是影响癌检出率的因素。经5年及10年两次全员随访资料统计,隐血珠初筛阳性组癌发生率均明显高于阴性组,癌患5年生存率67.2%,10年生存率为55.2%,性别、年龄、隐血珠反应也是影响上消化道癌发病率因素。结论：秦氏隐血珠在上消化道癌初筛普查中有肯定的实用价值。值得推广。     

窄带成像技术在诊断上消化道多原发癌中的应用价值

目的探讨窄带成像技术在诊断上消化道多原发癌中的应用价值。方法2010年6月-2011年6月,接受胃镜检查患者2 452例。对检查中发现的可疑病灶分别使用普通白光内镜和窄带成像内镜观察病灶的形态、范围,同时应用放大内镜手动变焦观察黏膜表面腺管开口及微血管形态。对活检病理确诊的癌灶采用超声内镜、腹部CT或手术标本病理进行T分期。结果2 452例患者中检出多原发癌13例,均为同时双原发癌,检出率为0.53%。13例患者中合并早期癌的比例为30.8%(4/13),包括食管原位癌2例,胃黏膜内癌2例。结论早期癌在上消化道多原发癌中并不少见,但病灶隐匿,普通白光内镜检查容易漏诊,NBI可以提高其检出率。     

2013—2021年河南省淮河流域地区上消化道癌筛查效果分析

摘 要：［目的］ 分析2013—2021年河南省淮河流域地区上消化道癌筛查效果。［方法］ 采用整群抽样的方式,选取发病率和死亡率较高的乡镇或村庄作为筛查现场,对当地40至69岁常住居民进行筛查。对评估为高危人群的个体采用“内镜+碘染色”方法进一步检查,分别计算上消化道癌（包括食管癌与胃癌）各级别病变、早期病例和阳性病例检出率以及早诊率等评价指标。采用χ2检验和趋势χ2检验对不同性别、年龄及时间的检出率进行比较。［结果］ 2013至2021年间,河南省淮河流域地区上消化道各级别病变的检出率为4.96%（1 980/39 895）,其中,食管各级别病变检出率为3.05%（1 215/39 895）,胃各级别病变检出率为1.93%（768/39 895）。上消化道阳性病例的检出率为0.83%（330/39 895）,早期病例的检出率为0.62%（248/39 895）,早诊率为75.15%（248/330）。男性各级别病变的检出率均高于女性（P<0.05）;随着年龄增长,各级别病变的检出率也呈增加趋势（P trend ＜0.05）。2013—2021年上消化道各级病变的检出率随时间增长呈上升趋势（P trend ＜0.05）,但阳性病例和早期病例检出率随时间变化保持稳定（P trend >0.05）。［结论］上消化道癌筛查有助于及时发现各级别病变患者。男性和老年人群在上消化道癌筛查中属于重点关注群体,需要提升该人群的筛查参与度,以进一步提高上消化道癌的筛查效果。     

Immunochemical vs guaiac faecal occult blood tests in a population-based screening programme for colorectal cancer.

Two faecal occult blood tests (FOBTs), Hemoccult II (guaiac based) and Hemeselect (immunochemical) were compared in a population screening for colorectal cancer on 24 282 subjects aged 40-70. Hemeselect was interpreted according to a lower (+ and +/-) and a higher (+) positivity threshold. A total of 8008 compliers were enrolled in the study. Positivity rates: Hemoccult = 6.0%, Hemeselect (+ and +/) = 8.2%, Hemeselect (+) = 3.1%. Among FOBT-positive subject complying with the diagnostic work-up, 22 had colorectal cancer (17 Hemeselect-positive (+), four Hemeselect-borderline (+/-), 15 Hemoccult-positive) and 166 subjects had adenomas (62 Hemeselect(+), 56 Hemeselect-borderline (+/-), 79 Hemoccult-positive) were detected. The positive predictive values (PPVs) for cancer were as follows: Hemoccult = 3.7%, Hemeselect (+ and +/-) = 3.8%, Hemeselect (+) = 8.4%. The PPVs for adenoma(s) were: Hemoccult = 19.7%, Hemeselect (+ and +/-) = 21.4%, Hemeselect (+) = 30.5%. The specificity for cancer was: Hemoccult = 94.1%, Hemeselect (+ +/-) = 92%, Hemeselect (+) = 97.1%. Ratios between detection rates of each test and expected incidence of colorectal cancer suggest that Hemoccult anticipates cancer diagnosis by approximately 2 years on average whereas the mean diagnostic anticipation of Hemeselect ranges between 2.5 and 3.2 years. Hemeselect is superior to Hemoccult as it is at least as effective but more efficient and acceptable than guaiac testing. Further evaluation of Hemeselect cost-effectiveness and sensitivity is needed in order to assess the optimal threshold of positivity and screening frequency.     

应用隐血珠初筛普查食管癌,胃癌效果的观察

Hemoccult test bead is able to tell whether there is occult blood in the stomach juice or not. Screening test was carried out in the high incidence area for detecting the upper G-I tract cancer. The bead, swallowed and retained in the stomach for 3 minutes, was able to sort out the suspected individuals by its coloration: yellow (-), light blue (+), blue (++) and dark green ( ). 26261 normal subjects were screened in the high incidence area. The ages ranged from 35 to 70. 6353 (24.2%) of them showed positive results. Subsequent fiber-gastroscopy was performed for definite diagnosis in 2888 persons with positive results. 98 cancers were confirmed by pathology (26 in esophagus, 34 in gastric cardia, and 38 in stomach) with a detection rate of 3.4%. 73.5% of the cancer so discovered were in early stage. Factors influencing the cancer detection rate are sex, age and degree of positivity.     

A case-control study evaluating occult blood screening for colorectal cancer with hemoccult test and an immunochemical hemagglutination test

A case control study to evaluate the occult blood screening for colorectal cancer was conducted in a town where colorectal cancer screening had been performed by Hemoccult test during the early years and subsequently by an immunochemical hemagglutination test. All residents aged >/=40 years had been offered the annual screening. Case series consisted of 51 subjects with fatal colorectal cancer. Three controls per case were selected from the list of residents who were alive at the time of diagnosis of the corresponding case and had been living in the town, matched by gender and by age. The odds ratio (OR) of dying of colorectal cancer for those having their most recent screening histories with Hemoccult test or the immunochemical test during the preceding 1 year and 1-2 year segment before case diagnosis were 0.20 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.08-0.49] and 0. 17 (95% CI: 0.04-0.75), respectively. The OR increased towards 1.0 as the number of years since the most recent screening increased. The OR of dying of colorectal cancer was calculated to be 0.19 (95% CI: 0.05-0.70) for those screened with the immunochemical test alone during the preceding 1 year after adjustment for previous screening histories with the Hemoccult test. Corresponding OR was 0.36 (95% CI: 0.11-1.17) for those screened with Hemoccult test during the preceding 1 year. These results suggest that screening for colorectal cancer by fecal occult blood testings or immunochemical test alone would reduce mortality and that efficacy of the screening would be higher for the immunochemical test than for Hemoccult test.     

Fecal occult blood screening for colorectal cancer in the general population. Results of a controlled trial

A total of 26,975 asymptomatic individuals were identified from family doctors' age/sex registers and randomly allocated to test or control group. The first test group (10,253) were offered 3-day fecal occult blood (FOB) testing; 3,613 (37%) completed the tests and 77 (2.1%) were found to be positive. In this group, 13 cancers were detected (3.5/1000 persons screened), of which 9 (70%) were Stage A. Of these subjects, 3349 have been rescreened at 2 years; 2799 (85%) completed the tests and 80 (2.8%) were found to be positive. Four cancers have been detected (three Stage A). In the whole test group followed for 2 years (10,462), 34 cancers have presented (17 screening detected, 3 interval cases in test responders, 14 symptomatic cancers in nonresponders), of which 14 (43%) were Stage A. In the control group (10,272 individuals), 17 patients have presented with symptomatic colorectal cancer during the 2-year follow-up, with rates of 0.9/1000 and 0.8/1000 persons/year in the first and second years of follow-up, respectively. No Stage A tumors were present. In the second test group (3,225) offered both guaiac (Hemoccult; Smith Kline Diagnostics) and immunologic (Feca EIA; Nordic) FOB tests, 1304 (44%) completed the tests, of which 126 (9.7%) were positive. Five cancers were detected (four Stage A), of which only three were positive by Hemoccult testing. In this group of test responders, one cancer has presented symptomatically at 1 year follow-up. Thus, at 2-year follow-up of the responding individuals of both cohorts of the initial screen of the test group, 5 of 21 cancers (24%) were negative by Hemoccult testing. Fecal occult blood testing has doubled the detection of colorectal cancer in the test group compared with the number presenting with symptoms in 2 years in the control group, and increased the proportion of early stage cancers (chi 2 = 8.0, P = less than 0.001).     

Patterns of occult bleeding in asymptomatic colorectal cancer

The assumption that asymptomatic colorectal cancers bleed provides the rationale for widespread stool screening. The authors studied 12 patients with unoperated colorectal cancer but without colorectal symptoms and six healthy volunteers as laboratory controls. All stools were collected for 2 weeks and analyzed by the HemoQuant and Hemoccult tests. In controls, the mean HemoQuant value was 0.7 mg hemoglobin (Hb)/g stool (range, 0.1-1.8) and all stools were Hemoccult-negative. In cancer patients, the mean HemoQuant was 3.3 mg Hb/g (range, 0.3-13.2); stools were within the normal HemoQuant range (less than 2 mg Hb/g) in 38% and negative by Hemoccult in 70%. The mean cancer detection rate testing a single stool per patient was 57% for HemoQuant and 25% for Hemoccult (P less than 0.001). The detection rate rose testing multiple stools and was maximal with five stools at 83% for HemoQuant compared to 31% for Hemoccult (P less than 0.001). The authors conclude that fecal blood levels are commonly normal with asymptomatic colorectal cancer. Although higher with HemoQuant than Hemoccult, cancer detection rates by fecal blood testing appear to be lower than previously reported.     

Mass screening for colorectal cancer by testing for occult blood under restricted diet and a questionnaire in Osaka

Because of the recent increase in the incidence of colorectal cancer in Japan, attempts were made to find an effective method for screening asymptomatic patients with this cancer. A total of 12,520 participants in Osaka were screened in a 2-year program from April 1982 by a test of fecal occult blood under a restricted diet, and a medical questionnaire. Occult blood in feces was examined for 3 consecutive days using one guaiac-impregnated slide (Shionogi B) each day. This slide was about twice as sensitive as the Hemoccult slide. Further diagnostic workups were required in 3,452 individuals, of which 2,602 (75.7%) were due to positive occult blood. Proctosigmoidoscopy was performed in 2,214 (64.4%) of these persons, barium enema in 1,397 persons, and flexible colonoscopy in 187 persons. Colorectal cancers were detected in 18 patients (0.14% of the total screened); ten of these cancers were in an early stage. Thus this screening method is reliable for detecting asymptomatic cancer of the colon and rectum.     

Occult blood testing in asymptomatic patients previously resected for colorectal cancer

Hemoccult testing was carried out in 100 patients who had previously undergone surgical resection for colorectal cancer. Of the 15 Hemoccult-positive patients detected, endoscopic examination revealed polypoid formations in six (one with invasive carcinoma) and local recurrent tumors in three. Eighteen polypoid lesions were endoscopically detected in 10 Hemoccult-negative patients. Patient acceptance was good (above 90%) for Hemoccult testing especially when compared to the significantly lower compliance to endoscopic examination (66% in Hemoccult-negative patients). The results suggest that a significant number of lesions may be missed if the Hemoccult test is heavily relied upon exclusively for follow-up of patients previously resected for colorectal cancer.     

Acceptability of the Hemoccult test in general medical practice. Results of a pilot study

In view of preparing a controlled trial to assess the efficacy of screening for colorectal cancer by fecal occult blood testing in reducing cancer mortality, a pilot study was performed to evaluate the acceptability rate of the Hemoccult test in non selected subjects consulting in a general practice. 566 subjects aged 45 to 74 years from two small towns, Neuville-aux-Bois (Loiret) and Vicherey (Vosges) were included in the study. The screening test was proposed by GPs to 89.2% of their patients; of these, 5.6% refused the test and 9.4% did not return it. Of the tests carried out, 80.8% were performed spontaneously, and 19.2% after a recall letter. Acceptability depended neither on age or on sex. The patients' confidence in his GP was the most important acceptability factor (60%), followed by explanations the GP had provided, and ease of application. The results suggest that after receiving the correct information, a GP will succeed in prescribing the Hemoccult test to most high-risk subjects and that acceptability then proves excellent. Experience drawn from the pilot study has been very useful in conceiving the on-going controlled trial in Burgundy.     

A higher detection rate for colorectal cancer and advanced adenomatous polyp for screening with immunochemical fecal occult blood test than guaiac fecal occult blood test,despite lower compliance rate. A prospective,controlled, feasibility study

Immunochemical fecal occult blood test (FIT) is a new colorectal cancer (CRC) screening method already recommended by the American screening guidelines. We aimed to test the feasibility of FIT as compared to guaiac fecal occult blood test (G‐FOBT) in a large urban population of Tel Aviv. Average‐risk persons, aged 50–75 years, were offered FIT or G‐FOBT after randomization according to the socioeconomic status of their clinics. Participants with positive tests underwent colonoscopy. Participants were followed through the Cancer Registry 2 years after the study. Hemoccult SENSA? and OC‐MICRO? (three samples, 70 ng/ml threshold) were used. FIT was offered to 4,657 persons (Group A) and G‐FOBT to 7,880 persons (Group B). Participation rate was 25.9% and 28.8% in Group A and B, respectively (p < 0.001). Positivity rate in Group A and B was 12.7% and 3.9%, respectively (p < 0.001). Cancer found in six (0.49%) and eight (0.35%) patients of Group A and B, respectively (NS). Cancer registry follow‐up found missed cancer in five (0.22%) cases of Group B and none in Group A (NS). The sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive value for cancer in Group A and B were 100%, 85.9%, 100%, 3.9% and 61.5%, 96.4%, 99.8%, 9.1%, respectively. There was increased detection of advanced adenomatous polyp (AAP) by FIT, irrespective of age, gender, and socioeconomic status (Per Protocol: odds ratio 2.69, 95% confidence interval 1.6–4.5; Intention to Screen: odds ratio 3.16, 95% confidence interval 1.8–5.4). FIT is feasible in urban, average‐risk population, which significantly improved performance for detection of AAP and CRC, despite reduced participation.