多种来源造血干细胞移植治疗重型再生障碍性贫血

背景：造血干细胞移植是年轻重型再生障碍性贫血患者首选方法,但在中国多数重型再生障碍性贫血患者无合适的供者,单倍体相合或非血缘造血干细胞移植国内外目前还处于探索阶段,联合间充质干细胞移植报道少见。目的：观察不同干细胞来源造血干细胞移植治疗重型再生障碍性贫血的疗效。方法：10例（3～52岁）重型再生障碍性贫血患者,分别接受了亲缘HLA相合（2例）,单倍体相合（5例）,非血缘（3例）的外周血和/或骨髓造血干细胞移植,其中5例患者同时联合了间充质干细胞共移植。预处理方案主要为环磷酰胺、氟达拉滨和抗人胸腺球蛋白,以霉酚酸酯、环孢素A加短疗程的甲氨蝶呤预防移植物抗宿主病,单倍体相合移植的患者在此基础上加马利兰和CD25单克隆抗体;同基因的例5患者预处理方案为抗人胸腺球蛋白＋甲基泼尼龙。输注间充质干细胞的量为（0.27～1.85）×106/kg。接受和未接受间充质干细胞组的患者回输的造血干细胞有核细胞分别为（7.4～17.38）×108/kg和（6.09～13.68）×108/kg。结果与结论：除1例单倍体相合患者移植未成功,＋36d死于并发症外,余患者移植后染色体及DNA指纹检测等说明造血干细胞移植完全供者植入。移植后中性粒细胞达到0.5×109L-1,血小板计数≥20×109L-1中位时间分别为12d和13d;其中造血功能恢复快慢的趋势是同基因移植〉外周血或/和骨髓＋间充质干细胞移植〉单纯外周血或/和骨髓干细胞移植,而亲缘HLA全相合的52岁患者造血恢复最慢。非血缘移植例1、6患者发生了Ⅰ度急性移植物抗宿主病,单倍体相合移植的例2和例10患者发生了Ⅱ度急性移植物抗宿主病后出现了局限性的慢性移植物抗宿主病,余下患者移植后生活质量良好,无慢性移植物抗宿主病;除未接受间充质干细胞的例3患者移植后出现严重感染外,其余患者移植后再未出现严重的感染和出血。结果提示造血干细胞是安全,高效治疗重型再生障碍性贫血的方法,联合应用间充质造血干细胞者患者造血恢复快,移植并发症少。     

单倍体相合造血干细胞移植治疗儿童重型再生障碍性贫血

背景：目前治疗儿童再生障碍性贫血的主要方法为强化免疫抑制治疗或干细胞移植,后者由于供者来源少而受到限制,HLA单倍体相合的异基因造血干细胞在白血病治疗中常见应用,在再生障碍性贫血治疗中较少应用。目的：探讨单倍体相合的造血干细胞移植联合胎盘来源的间充质干细胞移植治疗重型儿童再生障碍性贫血的疗效。方法：患儿,女,7岁,确诊重型再生障碍性贫血1年半,2012-07-09接受HLA单倍体相合的异基因骨髓及外周血单个核细胞联合胎盘来源间充质干细胞移植,供者为母亲。预处理采用氟达拉滨联合环磷酰胺和抗胸腺细胞球蛋白方案。结果与结论：移植后＋9 d中性粒细胞〉0.5×109 L-1,＋12 d完成造血重建,＋100 d查STR提示植入完成。移植后＋8个月停用免疫抑制药物,未发生急、慢性移植物抗宿主病。患儿随访18个月,无病生存。结果表明,HLA单倍体相合的造血干细胞联合胎盘来源间充质细胞移植治疗儿童重型再生障碍性贫血是一种安全有效、值得探索的方法。     

异基因造血干细胞移植治疗重型再生障碍性贫血

背景:近年来随着造血干细胞移植技术的提高和免疫抑制剂的使用,重型再生障碍性贫血的治疗效果有了明显改善,尤其是亲缘间HLA配型全相合异基因造血干细胞移植,取得了较高的治愈率。目的:观察异基因造血干细胞移植治疗重型再生障碍性贫血的疗效。方法:自2009至2011年采用异基因造血干细胞移植治疗重型再生障碍性贫血患者20例,HLA配型全相合12例,不全相合8例。移植预处理采用氟达拉滨+兔抗人胸腺细胞免疫球蛋白+环磷酰胺。除1例为非血缘外周血干细胞移植外,其他患者干细胞来源为动员后的骨髓和外周血干细胞联合移植。HLA全相合移植物抗宿主病预防采用环孢素联合短程甲氨蝶呤,不全相合患者采用环孢素、短程甲氨蝶呤联合吗替麦考酚酸酯。结果与结论:移植后中性粒细胞恢复>0.5×109L-1平均为12.5 d,血小板恢复>20×109 L-1平均为+18 d。20例患者随访24-60个月,总生存率75%(15例),治愈率70%(14例),死亡5例;12例全相合患者中83%治愈(10例),8例不全相合患者治疗有效率62%(5例),治愈率50%(4例)。20例患者中发生急性及慢性移植物抗宿主病5例,治疗中并发败血症4例,侵袭性真菌感染3例。结果可见异基因干细胞移植是治疗重型再生障碍性贫血的有效方法之一,尤以HLA全相合效果良好,移植后恢复快,移植物抗宿主病发生率低。     

造血干细胞移植与非移植治疗重型再生障碍性贫血的比较

背景:造血干细胞移植是公认的重型再生障碍性贫血最好的治疗办法。国内外已经开始进行了多种造血干细胞来源的移植,包括亲缘单倍体移植、非血缘移植,而联合间充质干细胞移植提高疗效的报道多为单独个案报道。目的:回顾性对比分析造血干细胞移植与非移植治疗重型再生障碍性贫血的疗效。方法:2008-04/2010-04住院的17例重型再生障碍性贫血患者,年龄3～53岁,8例患者接受造血干细胞移植,9例患者接受了非移植治疗。移植组的8例患者分别接受了亲缘HLA半相合(4例)、HLA相合(2例),非血缘(2例)的造血干细胞移植,在所有移植的患者中有4例在造血干细胞输注的同时静脉输注体外培养扩增的间充质造血干细胞。非移植治疗组9例患者主要采用免疫抑制剂和促造血治疗。结果与结论:移植组除1例45岁患者接受过非移植方法治疗11个月无效,合并肾功能衰竭、肺部真菌感染时才行造血干细胞移植,死于移植合并症外,余7例患者移植后染色体及DNA指纹检测等说明造血干细胞移植完全供者植入,造血功能恢复快,中性粒细胞达到0.5×109L-1,血小板计数≥20×109L-1中位时间分别为12d和14d;其中接受间充质干细胞输注的4例患者平均中性粒细胞达到0.5×109L-1,血小板计数≥20×109L-1的中位时间均为11.6d。移植患者发生Ⅰ,Ⅱ度急性移植物抗宿主病4例,局限慢性移植物抗宿主病者4例,移植后生活质量良好,无需血制品输注,无严重感染和出血。而非移植组患者治疗后造血功能均未恢复正常,1例死于脑出血和感染,余患者生活质量低下,需要反复住院对症治疗,长期间断的血制品输注;治疗后出现多种严重的合并症。结果表明造血干细胞移植是高效的治疗重型再生障碍性贫血的方法,患者造血恢复快,移植物抗宿主病可以预防和控制,生活质量高,疗效明显优于非移植治疗。     

单倍体相合造血干细胞联合脐带血间充质干细胞移植治疗急性重型再生障碍性贫血的疗效观察

本研究探讨单倍体相合造血干细胞移植联合脐带血间充质干细胞治疗重型再生障碍性贫血(SAA)的方法和疗效。对5例SAA的患者进行了单倍体相合造血干细胞移植。移植物选择单倍体相合供者骨髓或外周造血干细胞加脐带血间充质干细胞。观察移植后临床造血重建时间及近期并发症。结果显示,所有SAA患者移植后均获得造血重建,白细胞计数大于2×109/L的平均时间是13.8天,血小板计数大于20×109/L的平均时间是17.8天,第30天行患者外周血STR-PCR检测显示为完全供者的基因型。除1例发生癫痫失去联系外,其余4例均无病存活至今,仍在继续随访中。总之,单倍体相合造血干细胞联合脐带血间充质干细胞移植是治疗急性SAA有效可行的方法,但还须大样本的研究。     

单倍体造血干细胞联合脐带间充质干细胞移植治疗重型再生障碍性贫血-Ⅱ型的临床观察

本研究探讨单倍体相合造血干细胞移植联合脐带血间充质干细胞（hUC—MSC）治疗重型再生障碍性贫血-Ⅱ型（SAA—Ⅱ）的安全性、有效性及相关并发症的发生情况。对8例重型再生障碍性贫血-Ⅱ型均进行单倍体造血干细胞移植,移植物选用G—CSF动员的外周血干细胞加骨髓干细胞混合移植方案,并加入脐带间充质干细胞作为第3方细胞;预处理方案采用兔抗人T淋巴细胞球蛋白（ATG）＋环磷酰胺（CTX）方案＋福达拉滨（Flu）方案,其中2例患者加用马法兰（Bu）;移植物抗宿主病（graft—versus—hostdisease,GVHD）的预防方案采用环孢菌素A＋ATG＋霉酚酸酯（MMF）＋短程甲氨喋呤（MTX）＋CD25单克隆抗体。结果表明,8例患者全部获得造血重建,血象好转：中性粒细胞〉0．5×10^9／L平均时间11．9d;血小板〉20×10^9／L平均时间14．6d。Ⅰ-Ⅱ度急性移植物抗宿主病（aGVHD）发生率25％,Ⅲ-Ⅳ度aGVHD发生率12．5％。移植相关死亡率为25％。结论：联合脐带MSC的单倍体异基因造血干细胞移植治疗sAA—Ⅱ安全可行,疗效显著,临床可以对其进一步尝试。     

造血干细胞移植与非移植治疗重型再生障碍性贫血的比较

背景：造血干细胞移植是公认的重型再生障碍性贫血最好的治疗办法。国内外已经开始进行了多种造血干细胞来源的移植,包括亲缘单倍体移植、非血缘移植,而联合间充质干细胞移植提高疗效的报道多为单独个案报道。目的：回顾性对比分析造血干细胞移植与非移植治疗重型再生障碍性贫血的疗效。方法：2008-04/2010-04住院的17例重型再生障碍性贫血患者,年龄3～53岁,8例患者接受造血干细胞移植,9例患者接受了非移植治疗。移植组的8例患者分别接受了亲缘HLA半相合（4例）、HLA相合（2例）,非血缘（2例）的造血干细胞移植,在所有移植的患者中有4例在造血干细胞输注的同时静脉输注体外培养扩增的间充质造血干细胞。非移植治疗组9例患者主要采用免疫抑制剂和促造血治疗。结果与结论：移植组除1例45岁患者接受过非移植方法治疗11个月无效,合并肾功能衰竭、肺部真菌感染时才行造血干细胞移植,死于移植合并症外,余7例患者移植后染色体及DNA指纹检测等说明造血干细胞移植完全供者植入,造血功能恢复快,中性粒细胞达到0.5×109L-1,血小板计数≥20×109L-1中位时间分别为12d和14d;其中接受间充质干细胞输注的4例患者平均中性粒细胞达到0.5×109L-1,血小板计数≥20×109L-1的中位时间均为11.6d。移植患者发生Ⅰ,Ⅱ度急性移植物抗宿主病4例,局限慢性移植物抗宿主病者4例,移植后生活质量良好,无需血制品输注,无严重感染和出血。而非移植组患者治疗后造血功能均未恢复正常,1例死于脑出血和感染,余患者生活质量低下,需要反复住院对症治疗,长期间断的血制品输注;治疗后出现多种严重的合并症。结果表明造血干细胞移植是高效的治疗重型再生障碍性贫血的方法,患者造血恢复快,移植物抗宿主病可以预防和控制,生活质量高,疗效明显优于非移植治疗。     

第二次单倍体造血干细胞移植治疗首次移植失败再生障碍性贫血并发淋巴瘤1例

背景：急性重型再生障碍性贫血第一次异基因造血干细胞移植失败对患儿是严重致命的,若同时合并有继发性淋巴瘤等多种并发症,治疗就更为棘手,目前无成功方法可借鉴。目的：探讨第二次HLA单倍体造血干细胞移植治疗首次移植失败且并发淋巴瘤的急性重型再生障碍性贫血患儿的有效性和安全性。方法：回顾性分析1例急性重型再障患儿的二次造血干细胞移植的临床资料：患儿男,3岁,2011年11月25日行第一次非血缘异基因外周血干细胞移植（供受者HLA为8/10相合,血型主要不合）,移植后粒细胞和血小板造血分别在11 d和14 d恢复,移植后30 d DNA移植植入鉴定和染色体检测均示移植成功植入,术后35 d出现皮肤Ⅰ度移植物抗宿主病,激素治疗后消失,术后54 d因出现自身免疫性溶血性贫血及纯红细胞再生障碍性贫血,给予大剂量丙种球蛋白冲击、激素及促红素等治疗好转,激素逐渐减量,EBV拷贝数逐渐升高,术后3个月患者出现发热、双侧颈部可触及数个肿大淋巴结,行B超引导下右侧颈部淋巴结穿刺活检,考虑移植后淋巴增殖性疾病,病理示：弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤,治疗上减停免疫抑制剂,应用美罗华及CHOP方案化疗,淋巴结缩小,且EBV拷贝数下降,体温正常。移植术后5个月复查血象和骨髓象提示继发性植入失败,进而于2012年5月15日行第二次单倍体相合造血干细胞移植。供者为患儿的父亲,预处理方案为清髓性预处理方案：氟达拉滨＋环磷酰胺＋马利兰＋米托蒽醌＋抗CD52单克隆抗体。回输骨髓造血干细胞的同时输注脐带间充质干细胞。移植物抗宿主病预防：环孢素A＋短程的甲氨喋呤＋CD25单克隆抗体联合霉酚酸酯。回输的有核细胞分别为13.52×108/kg,CD34＋细胞数为2.45×106/kg,无关供者脐带来源间充质干细胞的量为1×106/kg。随访时间为移植后24个月。结果与结论：移植后中?     

两种第三方细胞联合单倍体相合造血干细胞移植治疗慢性再生障碍性贫血1例

本研究观察脐带间充质千细胞（mesenchymalstemcell,MSC）和单倍体相合脐血细胞作为第三方细胞联合单倍体相合异基因造血干细胞移植治疗慢性再生障碍性贫血的安全性和疗效。患者为女性,12岁,诊断为慢性再生障碍性贫血11年,供者为其母亲,单倍体相合,移植物为经粒细胞集落刺激因子（granulocytecolony-stimulatingfactor,G-CSF）动员的骨髓以及外周血追血干细胞。同时加入分离、扩增的hUC-MSC及患者胞弟HLA单倍体相合脐血细胞作为第三方细胞联合移植。移植物抗宿主病（graft-versus-hostdisease,GVHD）预防采用环孢菌素A＋ATG＋霉酚酸酯＋短程甲氨喋呤＋CD25单克隆抗体。结果表明：输注供者的MNC总数和CD34细胞数分别为7．92×10^8／L和3．78×10^6／L,中性粒细胞大于0．5×10^9／L和血小板大于20×10^9／L的时间分别为12d和14d,35d嵌合体94％,无严重并发症出现。结论：从初步结果看来,联合两种第三方细胞的单倍体相合异基因造血干细胞移植治疗CAA安全、疗效令人满意。     

亲缘间单倍体相合外周血造血干细胞移植治疗重症再生障碍性贫血一例并文献复习

目的 探讨亲缘间单倍体相合外周血造血干细胞移植治疗重症再生障碍性贫血(SAA)的有效性和可行性.方法 通过对1例SAA-Ⅱ型患者实施亲缘间单倍体相合外周血造血干细胞移植术的临床资料进行分析并相关文献复习.结果 本例患者经改良预处理方案实施亲缘间单倍体相合外周血造血干细胞移植术后造血及免疫功能在短期内均得到有效重建.结论 亲缘间单倍体相合外周血造血干细胞移植在改良预处理方案后为SAA患者的治疗提供了又一新途径.     

Survivin基因在脐血CD34^＋干／祖细胞中的表达及意义

目的探讨Survivin基因在人脐血CD     

Harnessing endogenous stem/progenitor cells for tendon regeneration

Current stem cell–based strategies for tissue regeneration involve ex vivo manipulation of these cells to confer features of the desired progenitor population. Recently, the concept that endogenous stem/progenitor cells could be used for regenerating tissues has emerged as a promising approach that potentially overcomes the obstacles related to cell transplantation. Here we applied this strategy for the regeneration of injured tendons in a rat model. First, we identified a rare fraction of tendon cells that was positive for the known tendon stem cell marker CD146 and exhibited clonogenic capacity, as well as multilineage differentiation ability. These tendon-resident CD146⁺ stem/progenitor cells were selectively enriched by connective tissue growth factor delivery (CTGF delivery) in the early phase of tendon healing, followed by tenogenic differentiation in the later phase. The time-controlled proliferation and differentiation of CD146⁺ stem/progenitor cells by CTGF delivery successfully led to tendon regeneration with densely aligned collagen fibers, normal level of cellularity, and functional restoration. Using siRNA knockdown to evaluate factors involved in tendon generation, we demonstrated that the FAK/ERK1/2 signaling pathway regulates CTGF-induced proliferation and differentiation of CD146⁺ stem/progenitor cells. Together, our findings support the use of endogenous stem/progenitor cells as a strategy for tendon regeneration without cell transplantation and suggest this approach warrants exploration in other tissues.     

Homing of lin/CD117 hematopoietic stem cells

In this report, we describe the homing of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to non-hematopoietic tissues in lethally irradiated (9 Gy) hybrid mice transplanted intravenously with lin⁻/CD117⁺ bone marrow cells from ROSA26 mice. The numbers of CFU-GM in spleen of irradiated transplanted mice were well above the levels found in non-irradiated group as early as day 8 after transplant. On 12th day regeneration of lymphocytes was observed, an increase in granulocytes was detected as late as on 33rd day. Transplanted cells containing lacZ gene were detected in recipient mice by histochemistry and their location in the thymus, liver, stomach and ileum was followed during 33 days post-transplantation. On 8 and 33 days post-transplantation, we found massive presence of donor (lacZ⁺) cells in the thymic cortex. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation led not only to recovery of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues but also facilitated recovery of the small intestinal mucosa, which was significantly damaged by ionizing radiation.     

Intra-lesionally autologous stem cell application in diabetic foot/ulcer

The diabetic fot/ulcer is the cause of high morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Generally, medical treatment of diabetic foot/ulcer is ineffective and stem cell implantation is an important option in the treatment. Here, we present a 69 years old man admitted to hospital due to a 3 × 4 cm wound in the plantar surface of left foot. Autologous stem cells were applied intralesionally into diabetic ulcers. The lesion shrunken 50 % at the 16th week and there is a wound under the left foot at 32nd week. Intralesionally autologous stem cell application was useful and safe without adverse course in patients with diabetic foot/ulcer.     

海藻酸钙纳米羟基磷灰石胶原复合材料与兔骨髓基质干细胞的体外细胞相容性

背景：采用仿生学原理，利用海藻酸钙、纳米羟基磷灰石及胶原按一定比例复合，制成一种可注射、可任意塑形且具有良好骨传导、骨诱导性的组织工程骨，其应用在微创外科技术中，具有组织损伤小、不破坏修复区血供、操作简便易行等优点。目的：验证海藻酸钙纳米羟基磷灰石胶原复合材料与兔骨髓基质干细胞的相容性。设计、时间及地点：对比观察实验，于2008-02／05在南方医科大学珠江医院中心实验室完成。材料：2周龄健康新西兰大白兔用于骨髓基质干细胞的分离培养。海藻酸钙纳米羟基磷灰石胶原复合材料由清华大学材料系研制提供，孔隙率90％，孔径50～200μm。方法：选取生长良好的第5代兔骨髓基质干细胞与海藻酸钙纳米羟基磷灰石胶原复合材料体外复合培养。主要观察指标：共培养5d后倒置显微镜下观察细胞在材料表面、孔隙内的生长情况，扫描电镜下观察细胞在材料上附着情况。细胞和支架共培养后CCK-8法测定细胞活性。结果：骨髓基质干细胞能在海藻酸钙纳米羟基磷灰石胶原复合材料上良好地黏附、增殖、生长，细胞活性未受到海藻酸钙纳米羟基磷灰石胶原复合材料的影响。结论：海藻酸钙纳米羟基磷灰石胶原复合材料与兔骨髓基质干细胞有良好的细胞相容性。     

Mobilization and collection of autologous hematopoietic progenitor/stem cells

Autologous hematopoietic progenitor/stem cell (HPC) transplantation has become a standard treatment for a wide variety of malignancies. Most HPCs at present are collected from the peripheral blood via leukapheresis following chemotherapy and/or growth factor-mediated mobilization. Several commercial platforms are available to enumerate the circulating levels of CD34+ HPCs. These values can then be used to guide the timing of leukapheresis as well as to measure the success of daily collections. Most mobilization regimens consist of chemotherapy followed by one or more growth factors such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, erythropoietin, or AMD3100. Occasionally a subset of patients will prove unable to mobilize effectively enough to collect at least 2 x 106 CD34+ cells/kg, the number of HPCs currently considered to be appropriate for timely engraftment and recovery of hematopoiesis. In this subset of patients, repeat HPC collection or marrow harvest with or without growth factor stimulation may be tried. The importance of the stem cell niche in mobilization, in particular the relationship of osteoblasts and the sympathetic nervous system in the release of HPCs and other cells from the marrow stroma, may lead to entirely different or improved methods of mobilization in the future. Recent research has explored the benefits of using HPCs outside of the oncology arena, notably in the area of cardiac myocyte regeneration following infarction, making the subject of mobilization potentially important to physicians in many areas of medicine.     

Good manufacturing practices production of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells

Because of their multi/pluripotency and immunosuppressive properties mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are important tools for treating immune disorders and for tissue repair. The increasing use of MSCs has led to production processes that need to be in accordance with Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP). In cellular therapy, safety remains one of the main concerns and refers to donor validation, choice of starting material, processes, and the controls used, not only at the batch release level but also during the development of processes. The culture processes should be reproducible, robust, and efficient. Moreover, they should be adapted to closed systems that are easy to use. Implementing controls during the manufacturing of clinical-grade MSCs is essential. The controls should ensure microbiological safety but also avoid potential side effects linked to genomic instability driving transformation and senescence or decrease of cell functions (immunoregulation, differentiation potential). In this rapidly evolving field, a new approach to controls is needed.