基于ITK、VTK和MFC的DICOM图像读写及显示

背景：DICOM文件不仅包含了图像本身的信息,同时在文件头中还携带了大量的医疗相关信息,这使得DICOM标准图像的正确读写和显示工作变得尤为重要。目的：有效地综合利用工具包和开发平台的优点,借以达到一个实现DICOM标准图像的正确读写和显示。方法：首先将ITK工具包、VTK工具包与MFC深度集成,然后在该集成环境下利用这两个工具包所提供的类和函数读写和显示DICOM文件。结果与结论：在ITK、VTK与MFC深度集成环境下,通过其所提供给用户的一个灵活、友好、实用的交互界面,采用文中所述具体的方法实现了DICOM图像文件的正确读写及显示,为三者集成环境下的软件开发做了一个初步的尝试,为在此基础之上三者在医学图像处理方面更多功能的实现打下良好的基础。     

基于ITK和VTK方法的超声血管图像三维重建

医学图像三维重建是利用二维图像序列重建出三维模型,提供直观的视觉信息,供医务工作者参考.大多数重建都是利用CT图像序列进行重建,对超声图像的重建研究很少.文章首先介绍ITK(Insight Segmentation and Registration Toolkit)和VTK(The Visualization Toolkit),接着利用ITK和VTK进行了超声图像的三维重建,最后给出了实验结果,重建结果表明,利用ITK、VTK和改进的Herman插值法,超声血管图像可以获得很好的重建效果.     

集成化三维虚拟手术系统的设计

目的解决虚拟手术系统中图像处理与三维可视化等方面的关键问题。方法利用VTK的可视化功能与ITK强大的图像处理功能,将它们集成起来,研究图像分割、图像配准与融合、三维重建与虚拟切割等关键技术。结果利用VTK与ITK,实现了图像的准确分割、多模态图像配准、三维重建与显示,并能进行三维虚拟切割。结论这种集成化的三维虚拟手术系统,可以使医生直观地观察手术过程与效果,提高手术的安全性与质量。     

基于VTK和ITK环境的超声图像三维重建

背景:医学图像的三维模型,能够准确的三维结构在临床诊断上凸显重要性。目的:对连续多帧的超声图像进行三维结构重建。方法:利用可视化工具VTK和图像的配准分割工具ITK,在VC++的平台下,采取直接体绘制的方法,对连续多帧的DICOM医学超声图像进行了三维重建,并且用户可以利用鼠标与图片进行交互,实现任意角度的旋转。结果与结论:合成体绘制在重建中的效果较优,相对而言更适合超声图像的三维重建。     

基于Matlab GUI的DICOM文件头信息处理

目的 开发一个计算机软件工具用于增加或修改DICOM文件头信息,便于数据管理和统计分析.方法 介绍DICOM标准中对DICOM文件格式的定义,选择Matlab软件开发,用GUI组件编程制作操作界面,可以进行单个文件和多个文件的批量文件信息修改.结果 本软件实现了医学影像DICOM图像头文件中对实验对象信息的修改.结论 应用此软件处理后的文件具有完整有效的文件头信息,弥补了数据生成时的误操作,具有较好的应用价值.     

Windows平台下多层DICOM图像读取、显示和压缩的改进方法

目的实现WINDOWS环境下读取与显示多层DICOM格式图像,为医学图像三维配准与重建等后处理提供数据。为节省图像存储成本和传输成本,提出了对DICOM数据进行压缩的改进方法。方法设计简化的图像类,读入多层DICOM图像至动态数组,用线性加速算法和非线性算法实现窗值动态自动调节,并转换成BMP位图实现在WINDOWS环境下不同层图像间的切换显示;采用JPEG压缩算法实现对DICOM图像的压缩。结果选取CT、MR、PET等不同模态的DICOM图像进行实验,均可正确读取,显示和压缩。结论通过解析DICOM图像文件存储格式,实现了多层DICOM图像文件的不同层间的切换显示和批量压缩。     

基于linux平台的医学影像软件系统设计与应用

背景:随着VTK 和ITK 两个软件开发包的研制成功,医学影像领域内的研究人员越来越重视本领域内的软件开发问题.目的:开发一种结合VTK 和ITK 的医学影像软件系统.方法:首先对可视化软件包和图像处理包整合,进而基于整合框架对体数据进行处理、同步可视化和测量分析,最后结合病历信息与医学影像分析数据建立管理系统,在linux 平台上对该软件系统进行了实现,利用上气道CT 体数据对系统进行了测试.结果与结论:该系统能够结合VTK 和ITK 对体数据进行可视化和图像处理,基于MySQL 数据库对病历信息和医学影像数据进行合理管理,体积、长度等测量精度都在1%之内.     

基于VTK和ITK环境的超声图像三维重建

背景：医学图像的三维模型,能够准确的三维结构在临床诊断上凸显重要性。目的：对连续多帧的超声图像进行三维结构重建。方法：利用可视化工具VTK和图像的配准分割工具ITK,在VC＋＋的平台下,采取直接体绘制的方法,对连续多帧的DICOM医学超声图像进行了三维重建,并且用户可以利用鼠标与图片进行交互,实现任意角度的旋转。结果与结论：合成体绘制在重建中的效果较优,相对而言更适合超声图像的三维重建。     

基于VTK软件的结直肠段三维数字可视化

背景:将二维断层图像序列转变为具有直观立体效果的图像,展现人体器官的三维结构与形态,提供传统手段无法获得的解剖结构信息,是医学数据场可视化的基本任务.目的:利用医学图像的三维可视化技术,建立肠道切片数据的三维可视化模型,为口服胶囊机器人在肠道中的空间位置跟踪研究、粪便嵌塞性肠梗阻情况下肠道承受水压冲洗能力的数值模拟研究提供肠道的几何空间结构参考依据.方法:医学图像切片可视化的一般过程,包括图像获取、配准、三维面绘制重建,以及在Visual C++中利用VTK软件实现三维数字可视化.结果与结论:利用VTK软件,实现了结直肠的三维数字可视化,可实现结直肠三维图像的旋转、缩放、平移,并将其集成到MFC图形用户界面中.实际得到的三维可视化模型可为口服胶囊机器人在肠道中的空间位置跟踪研究、粪便嵌塞性肠梗阻情况下肠道承受水压冲洗能力的数值模拟研究提供图像参考依据.     

基于linux平台的医学影像软件系统设计与应用

背景：随着VTK和ITK两个软件开发包的研制成功,医学影像领域内的研究人员越来越重视本领域内的软件开发问题。目的：开发一种结合VTK和ITK的医学影像软件系统。方法：首先对可视化软件包和图像处理包整合,进而基于整合框架对体数据进行处理、同步可视化和测量分析,最后结合病历信息与医学影像分析数据建立管理系统,在linux平台上对该软件系统进行了实现,利用上气道CT体数据对系统进行了测试。结果与结论：该系统能够结合VTK和ITK对体数据进行可视化和图像处理,基于MySQL数据库对病历信息和医学影像数据进行合理管理,体积、长度等测量精度都在1%之内。     

NO and HNO donors,nitrones, and nitroxides: Past,present, and future

The biological effects attributed to nitric oxide (^?NO) and nitroxyl (HNO) have been extensively studied, propelling their array of putative clinical applications beyond cardiovascular disorders toward other age‐related diseases, like cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. In this context, the unique properties and reactivity of the N‐O bond enabled the development of several classes of compounds with potential clinical interest, among which ^?NO and HNO donors, nitrones, and nitroxides are of particular importance. Although primarily studied for their application as cardioprotective agents and/or molecular probes for radical detection, continuous efforts have unveiled a wide range of pharmacological activities and, ultimately, therapeutic applications. These efforts are of particular significance for diseases in which oxidative stress plays a key pathogenic role, as shown by a growing volume of in vitro and in vivo preclinical data. Although in its early stages, these efforts may provide valuable guidelines for the development of new and effective N‐O‐based drugs for age‐related disorders. In this report, we review recent advances in the chemistry of NO and HNO donors, nitrones, and nitroxides and discuss its pharmacological significance and potential therapeutic application.     

Genomics, Nutrition, Obesity, and Diabetes

PURPOSE: To present evidence of genetic and environmental interactions as they relate to nutrition, diabetes, and obesity. METHODS: A review of seminal literature related to genetics, obesity, and diabetes. FINDINGS: Multifactorial interactions are important in the development of nutrition-related disorders, but the challenge remains to explain how these interactions are expressed. Treating subpopulations of people might be important and useful to some extent at present, but in the future treating people of given genetic predispositions and other personal and environmental factors will have greater effects on quality-of-life indicators and life expectancies. CONCLUSIONS: Individualization coupled with multifactorial interactions will lead to new and more effective preventive and treatment modalities of nutrition-related disorders. With obesity and diabetes, genomics will bridge the traditional use of diet, exercise, and weight reduction with other environmental factors, ultimately leading to healthier lives.     

Platelets,thrombosis, coagulation,and atherosclerosis

When I first got the invitation to join a medical delegation going to Moldova, I thought for a moment that our destination was the fictional country in the old Marx Brothers movie Duck Soup. On further checking, it turns out that entertaining place was called Freedonia. I now know that Moldova is indeed a real country, bordered on the west by Romania and on the other three sides by the Ukraine. It is a proud country, rich with traditions, and its people are warm, giving, eager to learn ways to improve their healthcare system, and deeply appreciative of our attempts to help them in the task.     

Thoughts,images, worry,and anxiety

Recent models suggest that worry is primarily a verbal-linguistic process that enables images to be avoided and reduces somatic activation. Five-hundred and two subjects completed a questionnaire that assessed variables related to generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) criteria and also asked subjects to indicate the percentage of thoughts and images while worrying. Subjects were divided into excessive worriers (worry excessively about two or more topics more days than not for at least the last 6 months) and ordinary worriers (those who did not meet the previous criteria). As predicted, worry was reported as being composed predominantly of thoughts rather than images, and excessive worriers reported a significantly higher percentage of thoughts compared to ordinary worriers. The number of somatic symptoms was positively correlated with the percentage of images. This relationship was stronger among excessive worriers than ordinary worriers, specifically for autonomic hyperactivity symptoms. Further, in the excessive worry group only there was a significant negative correlation between the number of autonomic hyperactivity symptoms and the percentage of thoughts.This research was partially supported by grants from les Fonds de Recherche en Santé de Québec and the Medical Research Council of Canada. The study was completed while the first author was supported by the Medical Research Council of Canada.The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of France Blais for recruiting subjects, administering questionnaires, and entering data.     

Vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, and gastroenteritis

Diseases that cause vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, and gastroenteritis are major problems for populations worldwide. Patients, particularly infants, elderly, and immunocompromised individuals, may present at any point in a wide spectrum of disease states, underscoring the need for the clinician to treat these ailments aggressively. Several promising new treatment modalities, from oral rehydration solutions to antiemetic therapies, have been introduced over the past decade. Future directions include the use of probiotic agents and better tolerated rehydration solutions. Gastrointestinal disease will continue to be a focus worldwide in the search for better ways to cure illnesses associated with vomiting and diarrhea.     

Lipid messenger, diacylglycerol, and its regulator, diacylglycerol kinase, in cells, organs, and animals: history and perspective

Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) metabolizes diacylglycerol (DG), a glycerolipid containing two acyl chains, to convert phosphatidic acid. DG is produced through phosphoinositide turnover within the membrane and is well known to act as a second messenger that modulates the activity of protein kinase C in the cellular signal transduction. Recent studies have revealed that DG also activates several proteins, including Ras guanine-nucleotide releasing protein and ion channels such as transient receptor potential proteins. Therefore, DGK is thought to participate in a number of signaling cascades by modulating levels of DG. Previous studies have disclosed that DGK is composed of a family of the isozymes, which differ in the structure, enzymological property, gene expression and localization, subcellular localization, and binding molecules. The present review focuses on the stories of phosphoinositide turnover and DG, including historical views, structural features, metabolism, and relevant cellular phenomena, together with the characteristics of DGK isozymes and the pathophysiological findings on animal studies using knockout mice and models for human diseases. Now it is being revealed that the structural and functional diversity and heterogeneity of and around DGK support the proper arrangement of the complex signal transduction machinery.