膝关节内侧半月板后根部MRI解剖及撕裂表现

目的研究正常人膝关节内侧半月板后根部的MRI影像解剖,并探讨内侧半月板后根部撕裂的MRI表现。方法应用1.5T磁共振成像系统对20名正常人40例膝关节进行内侧半月板后根部MRI检查,观察总结内侧半月板后根部的正常形态、信号、走行及附着点位置,搜集16例经关节镜证实的内侧半月板后根部撕裂的MRI资料,分析其MRI表现。结果 20名40例膝关节内侧半月板后根部可清晰显示,冠状位呈较低信号,矢状位及横轴位可见梳状表现,附着于内侧髁间隆起后方、后交叉韧带下止点的前内侧。16例内侧半月板后根部撕裂中,MRI全部诊断正确,冠状位中14例显示裂隙征,矢状位中13例显示鬼影征,横轴位中6例显示钝圆征,5例显示裂隙征,5例诊断不明确。结论 MRI可以清晰显示内侧半月板后根部正常形态、信号及附着位置,且可以准确诊断内侧半月板后根部撕裂,是诊断内侧半月板后根部撕裂的较好手段。     

膝关节半月板和交叉韧带的断层解剖学研究

目的观察膝关节半月板和交叉韧带的断面形态特征,为半月板和交叉韧带损伤的影像学诊断提供解剖学依据.方法利用47侧经福尔马林液防腐固定后的成人膝部标本,冷冻后用断层带锯作厚5 mm的横、矢和冠状连续断层,对各断层面的半月板和交叉韧带进行观察.结果半月板后角高度明显高于前角,内侧半月板前窄后宽,而外侧半月板宽度前、后角基本一致.正中矢状面显示交叉韧带全长的出现率为79.5%,前交叉韧带与矢状面的夹角较后交叉韧带小.结论膝关节断层形态学研究提示半月板的后角容易损伤;外侧半月板较内侧更易损伤.影像诊断半月板和交叉韧带的损伤应以矢状面为重点,辅以冠状面检查.     

内侧半月板不同部位突出危险因素的MRI 评价

目的:探讨应用MRI 评价内侧半月板突出的危险因素、分析多部位突出的原因及半月板突出程度与胫股内侧关节退变 程度的相关性。方法:本研究纳入2019 年2 月—2020 年3 月因膝关节内侧间室慢性疼痛来我院就诊行患侧膝关节MRI 检查 的成年患者387例，对照组104 名。分别记录内侧半月板前角、体部、后角突出的距离。比较内侧半月板前角、体部、后角突出组 与对照组间内侧半月板前角、体部、后角、后角根部和前交叉韧带损伤程度的差别。比较单纯内侧半月板体部突出组、体部伴前 角突出组和体部伴后角突出组间上述结构的损伤程度的差别。应用Spearman相关分析评价半月板突出距离与股骨内髁和胫骨 内侧平台关节软骨软化程度的关系。结果:内侧半月板前角、体部、后角突出组分别与对照组在内侧半月板前角、体部、后角、后 角根部和前交叉韧带损伤程度的比较差异有统计学意义（Z=-4.517、-5.793、-3.676、-3.174、-3.346， 均P<0.01；Z=-3.162、- 9.966、-6.923、-6.318、-4.479，均P<0.01；Z=-2.870、-6.522、-7.196、-3.021、-0.866、P=0.004、0.000、0.000、0.003、0.386）。内侧半 月板突出组半月板前角、体部、后角、后角根部及前交叉韧带的损伤程度总体上较对照组严重。单纯内侧半月板体部突出组、体 部伴前角突出组和体部伴后角突出组间上述结构的损伤程度差异有统计学意义（F=5.053、6.642、21.172、2.991、1.609，P=0.007、 0.002、0.000、0.052、0.202）。内侧半月板体部伴前角突出者半月板前角、体部的损伤程度较单纯体部突出者为重，而体部伴后角 突出者半月板体部、后角的损伤程度较单纯体部突出为重。内侧半月板突出与股骨内髁和胫骨内侧平台关节软骨软化程度 呈正相关（r=0.526、0.581；均P=0.000）。结论:内侧半月板及前交叉韧带损伤为内侧半月板突出的危险因素。内侧半月板突出者 多为体部突出，并可随前角、后角的损伤加重同时伴有前角和后角突出。内侧半月板突出程度越重，胫股内侧间室关节软骨软 化的程度越重。     

An anatomical and histological study of human meniscal horn bony insertions and peri-meniscal attachments as a basis for meniscal transplantation

Background AIIograft meniscal transplantation is an increasingly popular treatment option for the symptomatic young patients with meniscus deficiency. However, many questions still surround it. In this research, we studied the anatomical location and histological structure of human meniscal horn bony insertions and to observe the anatomical morphology and histomorphology of peri-meniscal attachments based on meniscal allograft transplantation. Methods Twenty-two fresh-frozen adult cadaver knees were dissected. The locations of meniscal anterior and posterior horn bony insertions to tibia were measured. The anatomical morphology of peri-meniscal attachments was observed and the histological structure of meniscal horn bony insertions and peri-meniscal attachment were studied by HE staining. Results The anterior horn bony insertion of medial meniscus was （9.19±1.83） mm inferior to the corresponding anterior border of tibial plateau, and （7.81±2.25） mm lateral to the axial line of the medial intercondylar eminence. The posterior horn bony insertion of medial meniscus was in the posterior intercondylar fossa of tibia, located between the anterior fibers of the posterior cruciate ligament （PCL） tibial insertion and anterior border of the tibial posterior intercondylar fossa, and was （5.05±1.18） mm lateral to the axial line of the medial intercondylar eminence. The distance between anterior and posterior horn bony insertions of the lateral meniscus was （13.68±2.19） mm. Anterior horn bony insertion of the lateral meniscus was （3.99±1.27） mm medial to the axial line of the lateral intercondylar eminence, and the posterior horn bony insertion of the lateral meniscus was （5.80±1.36） mm medial to the axial line of the lateral intercondylar eminence. Except for the meniscal horn bony insertions, which is the typical enthesis, we call the attachment of the other parts of menisci as ‘peri-meniscal attachment＇. The morphological and histological study showed that the main peri-meniscal attachment was the meniscotibial ligament, through which the meniscus attached to the tibia with enthesis structure, and there was only loose connective tissue between menisci and capsule. Conclusions In meniscal allograft transplantation, the traditional meniscal size-matching method which take medial and lateral intercondylar eminences as references is not as accurate as expected. Attention should be taken to locate both anterior and posterior horn tunnels of medial meniscal allograft inferior to the tibia plateau, and to locate anterior and posterior horn tunnels of lateral meniscus close enough （mean 13.68 mm）. The best way to reconstruct the peri-meniscal attachment is to suture the allograft to the preserved outer remnant of the original meniscus.     

Clinics in diagnostic imaging (139). Displaced medial meniscus bucket-handle tear

A 58-year-old man presented with knee pain and swelling, following a previous injury. A displaced bucket-handle tear of the medial meniscus was diagnosed on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and subsequently confirmed by arthroscopy. MR imaging is accurate in diagnosing bucket-handle tears. The different MR imaging signs of bucket-handle tears include the double posterior cruciate ligament sign, displaced fragment in intercondylar notch sign, absent bow-tie sign, anterior flipped meniscus sign and coronal truncation sign. Specificity is increased when a combination of the different imaging signs is present. Understanding the meniscal anatomy and potential mimics of the bucket-handle tear is important in order to ensure an accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.     

内侧半月板后角损伤有限元仿真模型构建

对健康志愿者膝关节进行薄层磁共振扫描,将得到Dicom数据导入Mimics中进行三维重建,构建包含半月板、关节软骨及膝关节韧带在内的膝关节三维模型,对模型进行表面处理后导入Ansys中进行静态分析,使用分析结果与现存文献结果进行比较,确认模型有效后在3-matic中构建不同类型的内侧半月板后角损伤模型。本研究构建了包括内侧半月板后角放射状裂(白区、交界区、红区、完全撕裂)、内侧半月板后角水纵列、内侧半月板后角水平裂、累及内侧半月板后角的桶柄状撕裂等临床常见内侧半月板后角损伤。模型可以用来研究膝关节内侧半月板后角损伤的生物力学机制。     

MRI在下肢长骨骨折合并膝关节损伤中的应用

目的:探讨MRI在下肢长骨骨折合并膝关节损伤中的应用价值。方法:对我院2006年6月至2008年12月收治的股骨干及胫腓骨骨折合并膝关节有症状者行膝关节MRI检查。结果:在接受膝关节MRI检查的患者中,发现韧带损伤30例,其中内侧副韧带损伤15例,外侧副韧带损伤例6,前交叉韧带损伤12例,后交叉韧带损伤7例,其它合并损伤有内侧半月板损伤6例,外侧半月板损伤13例,内外侧半月板均损伤1例。在前交叉韧带损伤组中,有6例为完全性断裂者行关节镜下韧带重建,后交叉韧带组中有2例为完全性断裂者行手术重建。平均随访14.6个月(5～36个月),关节功能采用Lysholm评分法行手术结果评分,平均分为83分(72～93分)。结论:MRI能安全、快捷地对膝关节损伤作出全面而准确的诊断,并可为临床制订合理的治疗方案提供可靠的依据,但MRI仍存在一定的局限性。     

Congenital rudimentary medial meniscus--report of a case of development arrest of medial meniscus

We present an unusual case, where the medial meniscus does not coincide with the embryological development of the formation of a discoid cartilage. A fairly, careful perusal of English literature since 1945 to date makes us feel that the following case merits recording. The meniscus had a normal anterior horn attached to the intercondylar area, in front of the anterior cruciate ligament. Medially, it was attached to the capsule and the condylar surface of the medial tibial plateau. The posterior horn was rounded, smooth, and floating free of any attachments. It was approximately 2 cms in length, semilunar in shape, and extended posteriorly up to the anterior margin of the medial collateral ligament. The rest of the medial tibial plateau had no other protective covering.     

Meniscal cyst causing periarticular tibial erosion

Meniscal cysts causing bone erosions are rare. The majority of meniscal cysts are associated with tears of the menisci and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging appearances are usually diagnostic. The MR images of a 34-year-old man showed a well-defined cystic mass that communicated with a horizontal cleavage tear of the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus and caused pressure erosion of the lateral tibial condyle. We believe this to be the first locally reported case of tibial erosion related to a meniscal cyst. This entity should be included in the differential diagnosis for a well-defined periarticular erosion.     

Avulsion fractures of tibial tuberosity in adolescents. Treatment with closed reduction and percutaneous screwing, using MRI to identify combined intraarticular lesions

Avulsion fracture of the tibial tuberosity is an uncommon lesion generally seen in adolescents. Intra-articular lesions combined with a tibial tuberosity fracture reported in the literature are; 3 patellar tendon ruptures, 2 anterior cruciate ligament tears, 2 medial collateral ligament tears, 2 medial meniscus tears, one arcuate ligament tear, and one lateral meniscus tear. In our study, both cases sustained an avulsion fracture of the tibial tuberosity. Preoperative MRI in one case revealed posterior cruciate ligament rupture. Under the image intensifier, we treated both patients by closed reduction and percutaneous screwing with 2 cancellous screws. Radiographic assessment showed complete healing of the avulsion fractures in both cases. Both of our patients gained previous levels of daily and sporting activity prior to the injury, and were completely asymptomatic. Our objective in reporting this case study is to point to the fact that there is no previous reporting of the avulsion fracture of the tibial tuberosity accompanied by posterior cruciate ligament rupture in the literature and to evaluate the findings of the minimal invasive treatment method we applied to both cases.     

低场MR诊断膝关节损伤的价值

目的探讨低场MR对膝关节损伤的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析260例膝关节损伤MR检查结果,观察其损伤的形态及MR信号特点,并与关节镜下手术或开放手术结果进行对照分析。结果260例膝关节损伤MR检查的患者中,有79例行手术及或关节镜检查。MR检出:前交叉韧带撕裂54例,符合率85.71%(54/63);后交叉韧带23例,符合率92.00%(23/25);半月板122例,符合率86.52%(122/141);内侧副韧带34例,符合率89.47%(34/38);外侧副韧带4例、符合率100%(4/4)。结论MR扫描是一种能够准确诊断膝关节损伤的无创检查方法,为临床制定治疗方案提供可靠依据。     

关节镜下自体肌腱同时联合重建膝前、后交叉韧带的临床研究

目的探讨用髌腱复合体和腘绳肌腱联合重建膝关节膝前、后交叉韧带复合损伤手术方法和手术疗效。方法确诊为前、后交叉韧带同时损伤的患者16例,其中合并内侧副韧带损伤6例,后外侧复合体损伤4例,半月板损伤6例,于伤后2～6周在关节镜下行自体移植物单束ACL和PCL联合重建术,用髌腱复合体中1/3重建ACL,腘绳肌腱重建PCL,同期用股二头肌腱的1/3重建PLC,界面可吸收挤压螺钉和横穿钉固定。结果术后随访13～28个月,平均23个月,术前Lysholm膝关节评分为0～22分,平均(8.7±3.1)分,术后升至78～91分(平均86.1±4.8分)。术前16例采用国际膝关节文件编制委员会(IKDC)综合评定为异常(C级),术后改进为随访时正常(A级)14例,接近正常(B级)2例,14例恢复伤前运动水平。术后6～8个月基本恢复正常工作和生活,12个月可以剧烈运动。结论关节镜下自体肌腱同时联合重建膝前、后交叉韧带能较好地恢复膝关节的稳定性和功能。     

单独后交叉韧带断裂伴半月板和软骨损伤及其影响因素

目的：通过研究后交叉韧带(posterior cruciate ligament，PCL)断裂伴发的半月板和软骨损伤的临床特点， 探讨其分布规律及影响因素。方法：回顾性分析2005年1月至2013年6月间收治的147例经确诊为单独PCL断裂的患 者，将性别、年龄、病程、体质量指数(BMI)、关节松弛度、致伤原因、侧别等因素作为自变量，将半月板和软骨 损伤的发生率、分布和严重程度作为应变量，利用卡方检验、Fisher精确概率法、CMH(Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel)检 验和分类资料两属性的相关分析确定影响半月板和软骨损伤的危险因素，然后采用多因素logistic回归分析确定独立 危险因素。结果：半月板总体损伤率14.3%，不同性别、年龄、侧别、病程及关节松弛度组间差异具有统计学意义 (P<0.05)。软骨损伤主要集中在内侧胫股关节和髌股关节，不同性别、年龄、病程及关节松弛度组间差异具有统计 学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示所有变量均不能被认为是影响半月板及软骨损伤的独立危险因素。 结论：PCL断裂可伴发严重的关节软骨损伤和少量的半月板损伤，可能会导致髌股关节和内侧胫股关节退变加剧， 早期恢复关节稳定性可能避免软骨进一步损伤，延缓退变。     

基于MRI测量正常成人半月板厚度的形态学研究

目的 采用MRI扫描成像技术测量正常成人膝关节内外侧间室半月板前后角的厚度,为全膝关节置换假体设计和优化人工半月板设计提供技术手段、参数。方法 随机抽取2020年01月至2022年06月在云南省中医医院就诊的成年患者行单侧膝关节MRI扫描成像的影像学资料,MRI片示无膝关节水肿、半月板明显退变、半月板损伤及撕裂等的248例影像资料作为样本,其中女性137例,男性111例,年龄18～80岁,中位年龄50岁。观察膝关节的矢状面MRI片。由3名资深临床医师测量膝关节内侧间室的半月板前后角厚度、膝关节外侧间室的半月板前后角厚度,并取3次测量结果的平均值作为最终测量结果。测量结果采用SPSS27.0统计学软件包进行统计学分析。结果 内侧间室半月板前角厚度为（3.65±0.93）mm;内侧间室半月板后角厚度为（5.25±1.17）mm;外侧间室半月板前角厚度为（4.82±1.08）mm;外侧间半月板后角厚度为（6.89±1.03）mm;经两独立样本t检验,男女内侧间室半月板后角厚度,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）;左右侧膝关节内侧间室半月板前后角厚度和外侧间室半月板前角厚度,差异具有统计...     

磁共振和关节镜诊断膝关节韧带损伤的比较研究

目的进一步了解磁共振成像（MRI）在膝关节韧带损伤诊断中的价值和意义,探讨MRI对韧带损伤误诊、漏诊的可能原因。方法回顾性分析90例患者96个膝关节MR图像,评价前交叉韧带、后交叉韧带、内外侧副韧带损伤情况,并与关节镜结果进行对比研究。结果 MRI诊断韧带损伤的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为前交叉韧带69.6%、89.7%、84.9%;后交叉韧带50%、97.8%、96.4%;内侧副韧带61.5%、95.0%、92.7%;外侧副韧带66.7%、92.9%、91.7%。结论 MRI对膝关节韧带损伤有很高的诊断价值,对指导患者的治疗有重要的临床意义。     

“Floating popliteus tendon injury” in a mutiple-ligament knee injury: one case report and arthroscopy-assisted reconstruction

A patient with both a femoral attachment injury (peel-off injury) and musculotendinous junction avulsion of the popliteus, a so-called “floating popliteus tendon injury”, received arthroscopy-assisted popliteus reconstruction. The injured ligaments were addressed in the same procedure, including mini-open direct repair of the femoral avulsed fibular collateral ligament (FCL), suture repair of the grade 3 medial collateral ligament (MCL), and reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL).

 

 

     

IL-15在兔膝创伤性关节炎模型中的表达研究

目的观察兔膝创伤性关节炎早期白介素15(IL-15)炎性因子的表达及其变化,以进一步探讨创伤性关节炎的发生机制。方法将48只健康新西兰大白兔随机分为实验组和对照组,每组24只。实验组行左后膝关节前后交叉韧带切断和内侧半月板切除术;对照组行单侧膝关节切开术作为假手术对照。2组分别在术后6、12、24h,1、2、3、4周7个时间点抽取关节液,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定关节液中IL-15含量表达。组织学观察其关节软骨和滑膜的变化。结果48只大白兔中进入结果分析29只。2组术后6h兔膝关节液中IL-15含量较其他时间点明显增高(P<0.05);术后1周IL-15表达较术后24h明显降低(P<0.05);术后1、2、3、4周4个时间点的IL-15表达成升高趋势;实验组术后各时间点IL-15含量均高于对照组(均P<0.05)。实验组术后4周,关节软骨失去原有的光泽,呈灰黄色,有裂纹,HE染色见表层略不平整,有小裂隙,纤维组织增生,玻璃样变性,局灶性软骨基质异染性减弱,软骨细胞减少,软骨基质纤维化。结论创伤后兔膝创伤性关节炎早期IL-15高表达,关节软骨及滑膜退变,创伤性关节炎早期与IL-15关系密切。     

MRI诊断半月板损伤类型的对比研究

目的在对比性研究半月板损伤核磁共振（MRI）检查和关节镜探查的基础上，研究半月板不同损伤形态的MRI表现。方法对2006-10-01至2007-03-31入院拟行关节镜手术的患者，在术前常规行MRI检查，由高年资医师独立阅片，并预测是否存在半月板损伤及其损伤形态，另由主任医师行关节镜探查术所见半月板损伤为诊断金标准，统计MRI诊断的准确性。结果本组共纳入268例患者的288个膝关节，MRI检查疑诊半月板损伤269膝，经关节镜探查术证实半月板损伤268膝。MRI检查对半月板损伤诊断的敏感度为98．5％，特异度为84．2％，准确度为97．6％。尤其是在半月板桶柄样损伤方面敏感度较高，但对半月板小于1cm的纵行撕裂和半月板白区损伤的诊断仍存在一定困难。结论准确认识内、外侧半月板损伤后MRI的表现，可以显著提高术前半月板损伤诊断的准确性，从而有利于完善手术方式和评估预后。     

关节镜下前交叉韧带重建术32例围术期护理及康复训练

目的 总结关节镜下交叉韧带重建术患者围术期护理及康复训练体会.方法 选择32例关节镜下应用半腱肌和股薄肌腱重建交叉韧带患者,总结患者围术期的护理及康复训练体会,包括术前心理护理及功能锻炼指导,术后患肢体位的摆放、生命体征、伤口渗血情况的观察及循序渐进的康复锻炼等.结果 32例患者经过科学的围术期护理,取得了满意效果.随访6～8周,29例患者膝关节活动度均可达0°～110°,只有3例患者膝关节活动度达0°～90°.结论 关节镜下前交叉韧带重建术围术期护理及术后的早期合理康复训练,对于减轻疼痛、防止关节挛缩、促进关节软骨代谢、预防下肢深静脉血栓的形成、促进关节功能的恢复具有十分重要的意义.     

膝关节交叉韧带损伤的误诊分析

目的:分析磁共振成像(MRI)对膝关节交叉韧带损伤误诊的原因,探讨提高诊断正确率的方法及诊断要点。方法:回顾性分析43例经手术证实的膝关节交叉韧带损伤患者的MRI资料。结果:43例患者中,单纯前交叉韧带(ACL)损伤21例(占48.84%),单纯后交叉韧带(PCL)损伤11例(占25.58%),前、后交叉韧带同时损伤11例(占25.58%);合并内侧副韧带损伤15例,半月板损伤15例。MRI表现与手术结果的对照分析显示:完全撕裂11例,符合率100%。32例部分撕裂患者中有4例前交叉韧带损伤与术前MRI诊断存在差异,诊断符合率为87.50%。MRI对交叉韧带损伤诊断的整体符合率为90.70%。结论:MRI常规检查对膝关节后交叉韧带损伤和前交叉韧带的完全断裂能准确诊断,但对前交叉韧带部分撕裂的诊断尚存在误诊,MRI斜冠位及轴位薄层扫描结合常规扫描的继发征象,能有效提高前交叉韧带部分撕裂的诊断准确率。