胸壁结核囊性变二例

<正>胸壁结核是继发于肺或胸膜结核感染的肋骨、胸骨、胸壁软组织结核病变,是一种常见的胸壁疾病,常见于20～40岁的中青年患者,男性较多。病变好发于乳腺与腋后线之间的第3～7肋骨处~([1])。临床表现为冷脓疡或慢性窦道,往往继发于肺、胸膜或纵隔的结核病变,仅为结核病的局部表现~([2])。笔者回顾2例胸壁结核囊性变患者的病历资料,病灶囊性变是胸壁结核中的一种特殊病理改变,其术中所见不同于普通胸壁结核,手术方式与常规胸壁结核病灶清除不     

胸壁结核囊性变二例CSCD

胸壁结核是继发于肺或胸膜结核感染的肋骨、胸骨、胸壁软组织结核病变,是一种常见的胸壁疾病,常见于20~40岁的中青年患者,男性较多。病变好发于乳腺与腋后线之间的第3~7肋骨处[1]。临床表现为冷脓疡或慢性窦道,往往继发于肺、胸膜或纵隔的结核病变,仅为结核病的局部表现[2]。     

胸壁结核的CT诊断

目的探讨胸壁结核的CT表现及诊断。方法收集滨州市结核病防治院2002年11月—2009年3月期间的87例胸壁结核,全部病例经CT检查并手术病理确诊,15例做了增强扫描。结果(1)CT平扫表现为胸壁半圆形或扁平状软组织肿块影,边缘密度较高,中央密度较低,"哑铃状"中央低密度肿块较具有特征性CT表现。骨和关节破坏15例,肋骨局部皮质缺损样破坏9例,膨胀性溶骨性破坏3例;(2)增强扫描14例边缘强化,1例肿块内见多发低密度区,较平扫时显示更清晰。结论CT对胸壁结核的诊断及鉴别诊断有重要价值。     

胸壁结核病灶清除术围手术期的护理64例

胸壁结核是指胸壁软组织、肋骨、肋软骨及胸骨发生的结核病变,常继发于肺或胸膜结核病变。2000年~2004年我院共收治胸壁结核患者64例,男30例,女34例,年龄17~68岁,平均42·5岁。92%有过结核病史者58例,占92%;全部行病灶清除术,经过术前详细检查,细致的心理护理,初次治疗54例,复发后再次治疗10例;伤口Ⅰ期愈合59例,Ⅰ期愈合率为92·3%。介绍有关护理如下。1术前护理1.1术前检查常规检查本组64例术前检查心电图、肺功能、肝肾功能等,无手术禁忌症。胸部X线检查,以确定肺结核病变程度。7例有活动性肺结核,先强化抗结核治疗,在肺部病灶某本控制…     

胸壁结核术后复发原因的探讨

胸壁结核是一种常见的胸壁疾病,它是指壁层胸膜外的软组织或肋骨,胸骨因结核菌感染而组织受到破坏,胸壁形成脓肿或包块,不少需要外科手术治疗,但术后复发病例很多。我院自1992年1月至2002年12月间收治胸壁结核并手术的病人136例,其中有38例是术后复发的,复发率为27.9%。下面就38例术后复发原因进行分析和探讨。     

胸壁结核术后复发原因的探讨

胸壁结核是一种常见的胸壁疾病，它是指壁层胸膜外的软组织或肋骨，胸骨因结核菌感染而组织受到破坏，胸壁形成脓肿或包块，不少需要外科手术治疗，但术后复发病例很多。我院自1992年1月至2002年12月间收治胸壁结核并手术的病人136例，其中有38例是术后复发的，复发率为27．9％。下面就38例术后复发原因进行分析和探讨。     

脊柱结核患者 DR、CT、MRI影像表现对比分析

目的：对比分析脊柱结核的数字X线平片（ DR）、CT及MRI影像学特点,提高对脊柱结核的影像认识水平。方法16例脊柱结核患者均经手术病理或临床治疗随访证实,均先后行DR、CT和MRI检查。结果16例中,8例DR显示骨质病变及椎间隙狭窄或消失, CT则更清晰显示了椎体骨质病变,破坏程度及范围均较平片明显,12例CT均显示了不同程度的椎旁软组织密度影。16例MRI检查均显示了不同程度的软组织改变,其中9例椎间隙狭窄或者消失;3例平片及CT骨质破坏不明显, MRI示骨质明显信号异常。结论 DR为脊柱结核的基本检查方法,CT较好的显示了结核的破坏范围及细微钙化,MRI显示结核的侵犯范围、软组织异常及椎间盘异常有明显的优势,三者相结合优势互补,有助于脊柱结核的诊断。     

胸透及切线位摄片对深部胸壁肿物的诊断价值

自1977～1990年间,我院手术病理证实20例深部胸壁肿瘤,其中11例在胸部正侧位片上尚难与肺内肿瘤鉴别,后经胸部透视和切线位摄片确定肿物位于胸壁10例,诊断符合率占91%。现介绍分析如下。一、资料与方法11例中,深部胸壁软组织肿瘤8例,胸壁结核1例,胸膜结核球2例。均摄胸部正侧位片,胸部透视并点摄切线位片。先行胸     

胸壁结核外科治疗的护理体会

胸壁结核是指胸壁软组织、肋骨、肋软骨及胸骨发生的结核病变，常继发于肺或胸膜结核，以青少年和年老体弱者多见。胸壁结核病灶清除术适用对象为经保守疗法不能治愈或脓肿较大的患者。2002—2005年我院共收治胸壁结核患者10例，经病灶清除术，全部痊愈出院。10例患者，男7例，女3例，初治9例，复发后再次治疗1例；术后伤口Ⅰ期愈合9例，Ⅱ期愈合1例；术中均切除相应部位肋骨，彻底清除结核病灶。介绍护理体会如下。     

胸膜结核球的诊断和治疗(附31例临床分析)

目的 探讨胸膜结核球临床及X线特点?方法 分析 1.970～ 1.998年收治的 3.1例胸膜结核球?结果 1.19例既往有明确的渗出性胸腔积液史 ( 61.3 % ) ,经治疗胸水吸收 ,数月至数年后发现球形病灶?2.24例正侧位胸片有不同程度的胸膜增厚?钙化及肋膈角改变 ( 77.4 % )? 3 本组误诊为肺癌?胸膜间皮细胞瘤及错构瘤等占 4.52 % ( 1.4 / 3.1 )?结论 胸膜结核球结合完整的病史 ;依靠切线位片?CT及胸部透视即可诊断?经积极的抗结核治疗可避免手术?     

20例女性乳腺结核患者的CT特征分析

目的 分析女性乳腺结核的CT征象,探讨CT扫描对此类患者的诊断价值。方法 收集重庆市公共卫生医疗救治中心2015年8月至2019年5月行胸部CT检查时发现乳腺病变并经手术病理证实的20例女性乳腺结核患者,分析其CT表现及邻近组织及器官受累情况。结果 20例乳腺结核中12例发生于右乳,8例发生于左乳;13例为单发,7例为多发;16例呈结节状,1例呈团块状,3例呈片状;病灶大小1.0cm×1.5cm~5.1cm×3.2cm。CT平扫显示,11例病灶呈等密度,9例呈稍低密度,4例病灶内见结节状钙化,17例显示边界模糊;12例邻近皮肤呈均匀性增厚。CT增强扫描显示,15例病灶表现为环形强化,3例表现为不均匀强化,2例表现为均匀强化,2例伴窦道形成;其中13例并发同侧或双侧腋窝淋巴结结核,伴环形强化;5例并发同侧胸壁结核,伴边缘强化;10例并发肺结核。结论 乳腺结核的特征性CT表现为环形强化,同时常并发同侧腋窝淋巴结结核、胸壁结核及肺结核。     

89例X线胸片误诊肺结核的CT分析

目的探讨X线胸片误诊肺结核的原因及CT对肺结核的诊断价值。方法对X线胸片误诊而经临床确诊并具有完整临床、影像资料的肺结核病例89例进行X线胸片和CT对照回顾性分析。结果(1)X线胸片下肺叶病灶占44.9%,CT显示下叶基底段病灶最多,占32.0%。(2)胸部CT发现X线胸片漏检早期肺结核病灶11.8%、肺内隐匿部位病灶43.3%和早期粟粒性结核6例。(3)胸部CT对肺结核血行播散及支气管播散、支气管壁增厚、胸膜增厚及粘连、纵隔淋巴结肿大及钙化的显示率明显高于X线胸片。结论CT检查对肺结核诊断及鉴别诊断具有重要价值,建议在X线胸片诊断不明确时及时作CT检查。     

低剂量CT扫描在评价老年菌阴性肺结核患者抗结核治疗效果中的应用

目的 采用低剂量CT扫描对老年菌阴性肺结核患者抗结核治疗效果进行评价.方法 对47例菌阴性肺结核抗结核治疗后1～12个月复查的老年患者采用低剂量CT扫描(120 kV,20 mAs),通过与治疗前常规CT(120 kV,200～280 mAs)扫描影像学结果的比较,对老年菌阴性肺结核患者抗结核治疗效果进行评价.结果 老年菌阴性肺结核患者初诊CT征象最常见的为腺泡实变融合和肺叶/肺段实变,其发生率分别为100.0和76.6%,而空洞的发生率相对较少;1～3个月复查好转的征象主要为树芽征,而腺泡融合实变和肺叶/肺段实变的好转主要发生于4～9个月,空洞性病变显效较慢,持续时间为6～12个月.结论 低剂量CT扫描能较好地反映老年菌阴性肺结核的不同影像学征象及抗结核治疗后的影像学,适合对老年菌阴性肺结核患者治疗后的效果进行评价.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of antituberculosis therapy in elderly patients with smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis by low-dose computed tomography (CT).Methods Forty-seven elderly patients diagnosed as smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis were rechecked with low-dose chest CT scan (120 kV, 20 mAs) after 1-12 months of antituberculous therapy respectively. These images were compared with common CT before treatment (120 kV, 200-280 mAs). Results In the elderly patients with smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis, the most common CT signs before treatment were acinus consolidation (100%) and lobar or segmental consolidation (77%), but the cavity was seen less. After effective antituberculous therapy, tree-inbud was improved after one to three months, the acinus consolidation and lobular or segmental consolidations were improved after four to nine months, and the cavitations were slowly improved after six months. Conclusions Low-dose CT can provide sufficient information for the therapeutic effects of antituberculous therapy of smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis in the elderly and could be used for rechecking.     

Analysis of patients with middle lobe and lingular syndrome complicated with nontuberculous mycobacterosis, chronic sinusitis, or bronchopulmonary tuberculosis]

The clinical characteristics and chest CT scan findings in 77 cases of middle lobe and lingular syndrome, many of which were complicated with nontuberculous mycobacteriosis (21 cases, 27.3%), chronic sinusitis (16, 20.8%), or bronchopulmonary tuberculosis (11, 14.3%) are reported. Sixteen (76.2%) cases complicated with nontuberculous mycobacteriosis and 14 (87.5%) cases complicated with chronic sinusitis had granular shadows with dilated bronchi of both middle lobe and lingular in their chest CT scans. Granular shadows with a thickening of the bronchial wall or dilated bronchi were common characteristics of the chest CT scans of the patients with nontuberculous mycobacteriosis. However, cicatrization atelectasis of either middle lobe or lingular was the most common finding in patients with bronchopulmonary tuberculosis.     

Thoracic wall lesions in children

Our objective was to review the clinical features and radiographic manifestations of chest wall lesions in a pediatric chest unit. Twenty-five patients (11 males and 14 females, aged 14 months to 15 years) were suspected of having a chest wall lesion on the basis of clinical examination and chest radiograph. A retrospective review of clinical characteristics and radiographic findings was performed in order to define the pathology and extent of lesions and outcomes of chest wall diseases in children. Thirty-six percent of pediatric patients studied for thoracic abnormalities had anatomical variations of the thoracic cage such as sternal titling, bifid ribs, and costal cartilage convexities. Tuberculous infections of the sternum and ribs were seen in 4 cases. Osteochondromas were seen in 4 patients, and were especially noted in patients with a history of familial exostosis. Other malignant thoracic wall tumors included in this study included chondrosarcoma (n=1), Ewing's sarcoma (n=1), and primitive neuroectodermal tumor (n=2). In conclusion, the protruding lesions arising from the chest wall demonstrate a wide range of normal, congenital variant, and pathologic lesions arising from the soft tissues and bony components. Those with life-threatening lesions (less likely located in the parasternal region) are more prone to have chest pains and dyspneic respirations; in most cases, plain chest radiographs tend to have a high rate of bony or pleural involvement as well as thoracic deformities. In an endemic area of tuberculosis, costal tuberculosis should be considered in undiagnosed bony lesions; a chest CT scan could be diagnostically useful.     

An autopsy case of chronic empyema-associated angiosarcoma that presented with a rapidly growing chest wall mass]

A 76-year-old woman with chronic tuberculous empyema presented with bloody sputa and anorexia in April 2005. Chest X-ray and CT scan showed no obvious change compared with previous films. She complained of a left chest pain in June 2005, and chest CT scan showed a tumor shadow enhanced heterogeneously on the left chest wall and chronic empyema. After admission, the chest wall mass grew rapidly. Neither CT- nor sonographically guided biopsy yielded a definitive diagnosis. Dynamic MRI showed a high signal intensity unlike hematoma. She died of respiratory failure 2 months after the onset of her chest pain. Autopsy revealed angiosarcoma. We should always keep in mind the early diagnosis of malignant tumor and tuberculosis in patients presenting with a chest wall mass and constitutional symptoms during follow-up of chronic tuberculous empyema.     

Clinical analysis of 10 cases of chest wall tuberculosis

AIM/METHODS: A series of 10 cases of chest wall tuberculosis (man/woman=7/3, average age 62 +/- 17 years old) during past seven years were reviewed. RESULTS: Acid-fast bacillus was detected from an abscess in 60% by smear, 30% by culture, and 75% by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It was characteristic that enhanced CT of abscess revealed a low density mass with peripheral enhancement, 'rim enhancement findings', in all cases. CT also showed ipsilateral pleural thickening in all cases, suggesting lymphogenous pathogenesis of chest wall lesions from tuberculous pleurisy. As for the treatment, antituberculosis chemotherapies were done in all cases. In addition, open drainage was done in 8 cases and curettage of abscess was performed in 5 cases. None of these ten cases had relapsed during the follow-up periods for 12 to 77 months. CONCLUSIONS: Chest wall tuberculosis is still important as a disorder of a chest wall mass requiring differential diagnosis. Contrasting CT is thought to be useful for the diagnosis. It should be emphasized that 50% of the cases had good outcome without curettage.     

胸片结合CT诊断37例下肺结核的价值

目的探讨胸片结合cT诊断37例下肺结核的价值。方法分析37例下肺结核患者的临床资料，所有患者均行胸部和cT扫描检查，分析临床表现特点和影像学诊断价值。结果胸片诊断准确率70．27％（26例），其中14例密度不均的斑片状或小片状影，7例边缘模糊的大斑片致密影，5例空洞型，四周点片状、条索状影。cT扫描诊断准确率91．89％（34）例，精确显示空洞、卫星病灶、胸膜增厚、胸腔积液等。胸片结合cT诊断准确率97．30％（36例）。结论下肺结核胸片、cT扫描各有其影像学特点，两者结合可提高诊断准确率。     

胸部CT影像学特征在艾滋病合并肺结核中的诊断价值

目的 探讨胸部CT影像学特征在艾滋病合并肺结核中的诊断价值.方法 分析2010年1月～2010年6月本院诊治的89例艾滋病合并肺结核患者胸部CT影像学特征,以期进行诊断价值的分析.结果 临床分型:8例为Ⅰ型肺结核;11例为Ⅱ型肺结核;74例为Ⅲ型肺结核;19例为Ⅳ肺结核;1例为V型结核.CT影像学表现:多叶段受累及,片状阴影及腺泡样结节阴影并存,病灶中心浓密,周边模糊.结论 艾滋病合并肺结核的胸部CT影像学特征表现为多种性质的病灶共存,多形态多叶段分布,斑片状影、纵隔淋巴结增大、胸腔积液23例,心包积液15例;纤维化、钙化、结核增殖灶少见.