Predicting and preventing pressure ulcers in surgical patients

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PRESSURE ULCERS, regardless of their origin, represent negative outcomes for patients, including pain, additional treatments and surgery, longer hospital stays, disfigurement or scarring, increased morbidity, and increased costs.

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THE OR IS A HIGH-RISK environment for the development of pressure ulcers. Preoperative identification of patients at risk for pressure ulcer development is imperative if cost-effective, evidence-based preventive measures are to be implemented.

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THIS ARTICLE PRESENTS a review of the literature pertaining to pressure ulcer development in surgical patients. Recommendations for future research and implications for practice are provided. AORN J 81 (May 2005) 986-1006.

     

Assessing the risk for suicide in patients with cancer

The Joint Commission publishes its annual National Patient Safety Goals to guide accredited organizations in addressing high-risk, low-volume concerns related to patient safety. The 2010 list includes a goal to identify patients at risk for suicide, but do oncology nurses need to be concerned about the risk of suicide in patients with cancer?     

足部压疮预防装置的制作及应用

压疮是长期卧床患者常见的并发症,足部血液循环较其他部位差,长期卧床的患者足跟及内、外踝等处容易发生压疮,且发生的压疮较其他部位愈合差,严重影响患者的生活质量.     

New guideline on preventing and managing pressure ulcers

New guidance on the prevention and management of pressure ulcers has been developed collaboratively by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) and the Royal College of Nursing. Julie Stevens and Will Gray provide the background to its development and discuss the key recommendations.     

The effectiveness of massage with and without dimethyl sulfoxide in preventing pressure ulcers: a randomized, double-blind cross-over trial in patients prone to pressure ulcers

Background

Although guidelines advise against massage, it is one of the methods widely regarded and used by nurses to prevent pressure ulcers (PU).

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of different variations of massage in preventing pressure ulcers.

Methods

A randomized, double-blind cross-over design, in which patients of nursing homes who are prone to PU underwent two of the three possible interventions; ‘position changes only’, ‘massaging with an indifferent cream’ and ‘massaging with a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) cream’.

Results

The results of three interventions did not differ significantly. DMSO did not fulfil the expectations raised by literature and a previous pilot-study.     

The role of support surfaces and patient attributes in preventing pressure ulcers in elderly patients

Nurses caring for elderly patients often need to select support surfaces that reduce the likelihood of pressure ulcers, but there is little information about the effectiveness of different support surfaces. This randomized trial compared two support surfaces and investigated patient attributes related to the risk of developing a pressure ulcer. Eighty-four elderly patients were nursed on a convoluted or solid foam overlay and assessed three times a week for pressure ulcers. Stepwise Cox proportional hazards regression revealed a statistically significant relationship between the risk of developing a pressure ulcer and the variables mobility and type of support surface. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Predicting the risk of pressure ulcers in critically ill patients.

BACKGROUND: Critically ill patients are at high risk for pressure ulcers. OBJECTIVES: To determine the contributions of the Braden subscales in predicting pressure ulcers in critically ill patients and to investigate how often the Braden scale should be completed to assess the risk for pressure ulcers in critically ill patients. METHOD: The Braden scale was used to assess repeatedly 136 adult patients without pressure ulcers in a medical intensive care unit, a surgical intensive care unit, and a noninvasive respiratory care unit, and the patients' skin was inspected routinely for pressure ulcers. RESULTS: A total of 36 pressure ulcers, most commonly on the sacrum or coccyx and the heels (15 stage 1, 20 stage 2, 1 stage 3), developed in 17 patients (12%). In 14 (82%) of the 17, the ulcers developed within 72 hours of admission to the intensive care unit. The risk for pressure ulcers increased as the mean sensory perception (P = .01) and the mean total Braden (P = .046) scores decreased. The mean sensory perception scores obtained at 12 and 36 hours after admission also had a significant relationship to the risk for pressure ulcers (P = .03). CONCLUSIONS: Patients in intensive care units have an increased risk for pressure ulcers. Although waiting until 12 hours after a patient's admission to the intensive care unit to obtain the initial Braden rating may be reasonable (with the second rating obtained 36 hours after admission), additional research is needed before this practice can be recommended.     

Braden压疮风险评估量表在ICU病人压疮管理中的应用

[目的]探讨Braden压疮风险评估量表在重症监护室(ICU)病人压疮预防中的应用.[方法]将2009年1月-12月ICU收治的1086例病人作为对照组,采取2h翻身1次、气垫床减压等护理措施;将2010年1月-12月ICU收治的1165例病人作为干预组,根据Braden压疮风险评估量表评分结果制定压疮预防与治疗方案.比较两组病人住院期间压疮的发生率.[结果]对照组压疮发生率为1.10％,干预组为0.26％,两组发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).[结论]ICU病人护理中应用Braden压疮风险评估量表,并根据评估结果实施干预能提高预防压疮的有效性.     

Braden压疮风险评估量表在ICU病人压疮管理中的应用

[目的]探讨Braden压疮风险评估量表在重症监护室（ICU）病人压疮预防中的应用。[方法]将2009年1月-12月ICU收治的1086例病人作为对照组,采取2h翻身1次、气垫床减压等护理措施;将2010年1月-12月ICU收治的1165例病人作为干预组,根据Braden压疮风险评估量表评分结果制定压疮预防与治疗方案。比较两组病人住院期间压疮的发生率。[结果]对照组压疮发生率为1．10％,干预组为0．26％,两组发生率比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。[结论]ICU病人护理中应用Braden压疮风险评估量表,并根据评估结果实施干预能提高预防压疮的有效性。     

肿瘤患者压力性损伤患病率的系统评价

目的 系统评价肿瘤患者压力性损伤的患病率,为压力性损伤的防治决策提供依据.方法 计算机检索CNKI、WanFang Data、VIP、CBM、PubMed、EMbase、Cochrane Library、Web Of Science,收集有关肿瘤患者压力性损伤患病情况的相关研究.检索时限从建库至2019年9月,经逐层筛...     

Assessing breast cancer risk

PREVIEW

Genetic syndromes that convey a significant risk of breast cancer are responsible for a small but significant percentage of these cancers. However, the vast majority of breast cancers occur in women with no family history of the disease. Nongenetic risk factors include age, previous breast disease, breast tissue density, radiation exposure, and lifestyle factors, such as weight, exercise, and alcohol consumption. In this article, the authors outline genetic and other risk factors for breast cancer, explore risk-reduction strategies, and encourage primary care physicians to assess breast cancer risk in all their patients.