发作间期颞叶癫痫的18F-FDG PET 显像研究

目的：采用诊断试验评价方法评估发作间期^18F-FDG PET显像对颞叶癫痫定性和病业定位的诊断价值，探讨其外科治疗的意义。方法：26例CT或MRI检查正常，经临床及脑电图诊断的颞叶癫痫患者在同期进行发作间期^18F-FDG PET脑显像，图像通过目测和半定量的方法进行分析，PET显示的低代谢区行皮层脑电图（EcoG）或深部脑电图（DEEG）描记以评估^18F-FDG PET检测癫痫灶的特异性，17例定位明确的单侧颞叶癫痫行前颞叶切除术，术手进行随访。2例PET未检出癫痫灶，7例DEEG定位双侧病灶未行手术治疗。结果：26例颞叶癫痫中，发现^18F-FDG PET对癫痫灶检出的灵敏度为92%（24/26），特异度为87%(21/24)。结论：从颞叶癫痫的定性定位诊断来看，发作间期^18F-FDG PET脑显像对癫痫灶的检出率较高，但^18F-FDG PET显示的低代谢区与癫痫灶的位置并非完全重叠，尚需要其他的诊断措施加以肯定，^18F-FDG PET和皮层脑电图或深部脑电图对癫痫病灶定位的一致性是手术成功的关键。     

发作间期18F-FDG PET在难治性癫痫手术定位中的价值

许多学者认为脑PET显像不仅能诊断癫痫,且能对癫痫灶准确定位,为癫痫的手术、立体定向和放射外科治疗提供了定位依据[1].本研究分析了12例难治性癫痫患者术前18F-FDG PET脑显像与术中皮层脑电图(ECoG)检查、术后病理结果的关系,以探讨术前18F-FDG PET脑显像对癫痫灶定位的价值.     

发作间期PET和SPECT检查对颞叶癫痫定位诊断价值

癫痫灶的准确定位是决定癫痫外科疗效的关键步骤。目前常用的定位方法有脑电图（ＥＥＧ）,磁共振（ＭＲＩ）,单光子发射断层扫描（ＳＰＥＣＴ）和正电子发射扫描（ＰＥＴ）等。本文利用患者的临床表现和ＥＥＧ定位结果作为标准,探讨发作间期１８Ｆ－脱氧葡萄糖（ＦＤＧ...     

发作间期^14F—FDG PET在难治性癫痫手术定位中的价值

许多学者认为脑PET显像不仅能诊断癫痫,且能对癫痫灶准确定位,为癫痫的手术、立体定向和放射外科治疗提供了定位依据。本研究分析了12例难治性癫痫患者术前~(18)F-FDG PET脑显像与术中皮层脑电图(ECoG)检查、术后病理结果的关系,以探讨术前~(18)F-FDG PET脑显像对癫痫灶定位的价值。1 资料与方法1.1 临床资料 本组共12例,男8例,女4例,年龄4～48岁,平均21.5岁;病程1.5～20年,平均4.5年;发作类型按照国际癫痫分类标准:全身性发作6例,复杂部分性发作4例,单纯部分性发作1例,部分性发作继发全身性发作1例;均长期服用抗癫痫药物治疗,临床诊断为难治性癫痫,有明确的手术适应症;术前所有患者均行2～5次EEG或动态     

发作间期PET和SPECT检查对颞叶癫痫定位诊断价值

目的：探讨发作间期＾１８Ｆ－脱氧葡萄糖（ＦＤＧ）正电子发射断层扫描（ＰＥＴ）和＾９９ｍＴｃ－已撑半脱氨酸（ＥＣＤ）单光子发射断层扫描对顽固性颞叶癫痫（ＴＬＥ）的定位诊断价值。方法：５３例脑电图（ＥＥＧ）定位明确的顽固性ＴＬＥ患者分别行发作间期＾１８Ｆ－ＦＤＧＰＥＴ和＾９９ｍＴｃ－ＥＣＤＳＰＥＣＴ检查。其中２１例磁共振（ＭＲＩ）显示有结构性病变并与ＥＥＧ定位结果一致。结果：ＭＲＩ异常组均在ＰＥＴ和Ｓ     

发作间期PET和 SPECT检查对颞叶癫痫定位的诊断价值

目的：探讨发作间期＾１８Ｆ－脱氧葡萄糖（ＦＤＧ）正电子发射断层扫描（ＰＥＴ）和＾９９ｍＴｃ－已撑半胱氨酸（ＥＣＤ）单光子发射断层扫描（ＳＰＥＣＴ）对难治性颞叶癫痫（ＴＬＥ）的定位诊断价值。方法；５３例脑电图（ＥＥＧ）定位明确的难治性ＴＬＥ患者分别行发作间期１８Ｆ０－ＦＤＧＰＥＴ和＾９９ｍＴｃ－ＥＣＤＳＰＥＣＴ检查。其中２１例磁共振（ＭＲＩ）显示有结构性病变并与ＥＥＧ定位结果一致。结果：ＭＲＩ异常组     

发作间期PET和SPECT检查对颞叶癫痫定位诊断价值

目的：探讨发作间期１８Ｆ－脱氧葡萄糖（ＦＤＧ）正电子发射断层扫描（ＰＥＴ）和９９ｍＴｃ－己撑半脱氨酸（ＥＣＤ）单光子发射断层扫描对顽固性颞叶癫痫（ＴＬＥ）的定位诊断价值。方法：５３例脑电图（ＥＥＧ）定位明确的顽固性ＴＬＥ患者分别行发作间期１８Ｆ－ＦＤＧＰＥＴ和９９ｍＴｃ－ＥＣＤＳＰＥＣＴ检查。其中２１例磁共振（ＭＲＩ）显示有结构性病变并与ＥＥＧ定位结果一致。结果：ＭＲＩ异常组均在ＰＥＴ和ＳＰＥＣＴ相应部位出现低代谢和低灌注表现。ＭＲＩ正常组，ＰＥＴ定位准确性为８４．５％，显著高于ＳＰＥＣＴ的５６．３％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：对于无结构性病变的颞叶癫痫，发作间期ＰＥＴ检查有较高的定位诊断价值，ＳＰＥＣＴ的临床意义相对较小     

颞叶癫痫发作间期PET-CT与VEEG检查对致癫灶的诊断价值比较

目的 比较分析颞叶癫痫发作间期正电子发射计算机断层显像（PET-CT）和视频脑电图（VEEG）检查对致癫灶的诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析2016年3月至2018年3月手术治疗的80例单侧颞叶癫痫的临床资料。另选取同期健康体检者30例作为对照。术前进行PET-CT和VEEG监测定位致痫灶,以术中监测结果为定位致痫灶的金标准。利用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线评价PET-CT放射性分布不对称指数（AI）对颞叶癫痫致癫灶的诊断价值。结果 PET-CT、VEEG确定致癫灶的灵敏度分别为88.73%、47.89%,特异度分别为88.89%、66.67%。颞叶癫痫发作间期病灶侧AI显著高于非病灶侧（P<0.05）,同时也显著高于健康体检者颞叶内侧AI（P<0.05）及颞叶外侧AI（P<0.05）。ROC曲线分析结果显示,AI=0.153诊断颞叶癫痫致癫灶的曲线下面积为0.730,95%置信区间在0.544~0.916。结论 颞叶癫痫发作间期PET-CT脑显像定位准确率优于VEEG,对手术治疗准确定位有很高的应用价值,且AI为0.153时诊断癫痫灶的效果最好。     

PET在颞叶癫痫术前评估中的应用

正电子发射断层扫描(positron emission tomography,PET)目前越来越多地运用于癫痫外科术前定位.采用不同的示踪剂,可以反映出癫痫患者脑的代谢、氧利用、血流灌注及受体分布等变化情况.脑葡萄糖代谢显像是应用最多的一种.本文就PET在颞叶癫痫术前定位及病情评估中的应用作了简要的探讨.     

PET与发作间期癫痫灶定位

我们用￣~(１８)Ｆ－ＦＤＧ－ＰＢＴ显像对１２６例癫痫患者进行了发作间期癫痫灶定位，男８１例，女４５例，年龄２～５６岁，其中１１０例（８７．３％）在ＰＥＴ上可发现明显相对低代谢区，而ＭＲＩ或ＣＴ仅３２例发现异常，头皮ＥＥＧ有１０２例异常，但无明确定位价值。我们认为，￣１８Ｆ－ＦＤＧ－ＰＥＴ可通过观察脑组织内的葡萄糖代谢而进行癫痫灶定位，是无创伤性癫痫灶定位的最佳方法。     

Interictal estimation of intracranial seizure onset in temporal lobe epilepsy

ObjectivesTo evaluate the lateralizing and localizing values of interictal focal slow activity (IFSA), single pulse electrical stimulation (SPES) and ¹⁸FDG PET, in order to estimate their potential to complement ictal intracranial recordings and reduce prolonged monitoring in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.MethodsThe study includes 30 consecutive patients with bilateral temporal subdural electrodes and focal seizure onset. IFSA, SPES and ¹⁸FDG PET when available, were visually assessed and their combined lateralization was based on the majority of the individual lateralizing tests.ResultsIn the 18 patients who had all three tests, lateralization was congruent with seizure onset areas in 15 (83%). When lateralized (15 patients), ¹⁸FDG PET was always congruent with intracranial seizure onset. In all 12 patients without ¹⁸FDG PET, lateralization combining IFSA and SPES was congruent with seizure onset, including two with bilateral independent seizure onset on subdural monitoring. 22 out of the 23 patients who had surgery enjoyed favorable outcome (Engel I or II).ConclusionIntracranial IFSA and SPES can reliably predict the side and site (mesial versus lateral temporal) of seizure onset when they lateralize to the same side.Significance¹⁸FDG PET can be useful in planning electrode implantation. During intracranial recordings, IFSA and SPES have the potential to reduce telemetry time, risks and costs.     

Surgery for medically intractable temporal lobe epilepsy during early life

PURPOSE: Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) in early life is often a catastrophic disorder with pharmacoresistant seizures and secondary neurological deterioration. there is little data available regarding epilepsy surgery performed in infants and young children and no prior study has focused on tle. METHODS: We analyzed the results of temporal resection for epilepsy as the primary indication in children less than age 5 years who had at least 2 years of follow-up. RESULTS: 20 children (14 males) were identified with a mean age at surgery of 26 months and a mean age at seizure onset of 12 months. Clinical presentation was diverse. Typical psychomotor seizures (n = 4; mean age at surgery 37 months) were followed by prominent motor changes (n = 7; 30 months) and were occasionally isolated (n = 3; 23 months). Epileptic spasms were noted in six patients and were frequently associated with lateralizing features. The interictal EEG was lateralizing in 15 patients and the ictal EEG was lateralizing in 18 patients. Brain MRI provided localizing value in 16 patients, ictal SPECT was concordant in 4/8 cases. Invasive EEG was employed in six cases. At mean follow-up of 5.5 years, 65% of the children were seizure-free and 15% had >90% seizure reduction. Morbidity included infection and hydrocephalus in one case and stroke-related hemiparesis in two cases. Cortical dysplasia was identified in eight children, tumors in eight including two DNET, two ganglioglioma, and four malignant tumors. Hippocampal sclerosis was present in four cases, always as dual pathology. CONCLUSION: TLE presents in early life with varied and severe manifestations. Excisional procedures in this age group are associated with favorable seizure reduction similar to older children and in adults.     

Relationship of seizure frequency to hippocampus volume and metabolism in temporal lobe epilepsy

PURPOSE: To examine the relationship between frequency of complex partial (CPS) and secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures (sGTCS) on hippocampal volume (HV) and temporal lobe metabolism. METHODS: We performed volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography with 18fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG-PET) in 32 patients with epilepsy. Temporal lobe foci were localized by ictal video-EEG. RESULTS: We did not find any association between CPS frequency or lifetime number of sGTCS and HV or metabolism ipsilateral to electroencephalographic focus. CONCLUSION: The progress of metabolic or pathologic abnormalities of temporal lobe epilepsy may not be altered by adequate seizure control. The presence of an epileptic focus might be associated with progressive neuronal injury even in clinically well-controlled patients.     

小儿顽固性颞叶癫痫的病理特点研究

目的 研究小儿顽固性颞叶癫痫的临床病理学表现.方法 80例小儿顽固性颞叶癫痫患者行标准前颞叶切除术,切除组织送病理学检查.术后随访1-5年,根据Engel分级评估手术效果.结果 切除组织病理学表现以单纯海马硬化(26例)、良性肿瘤(20例)、局灶性皮层发育不良(10例)和海马硬化合并颞叶其他病变(9例)四大类型为主.癫痫发作控制结果提示EngelⅠ级58例,Ⅱ级11例,Ⅲ级6例,Ⅳ级5例.结论 小儿顽固性颞叶癫痫病理表现多样,以海马硬化、良性肿瘤和局灶性皮层发育不良最常见;颞叶切除疗效肯定;病理类型与手术效果之间的关系仍待更多研究.     

难治性颞叶癫(癎)的相关基因表达谱

目的 筛选难治性颞叶癫(癎)相关基因表达谱,并通过对表达谱筛选所发现的差异基因进行验证,从分子水平探讨颞叶癫(癎)可能的发病机制.方法 在利用基因芯片对难治性颞叶癫(癎)患者手术切除颞叶组织与对照间行基因表达谱分析研究的基础上,扩大样本量,应用RT.PCR方法,验证SH3GL2、BTN2A2、KCNJ4基因的mRNA在颞叶癫(癎)患者脑内的表达差异.结果 芯片研究结果显示,颞叶癫(癎)脑组织标本与对照组相比,表达趋势一致的已知基因包括:免疫相关因子、离子通道相关因子、信号转导相关基因、细胞增殖周期因子、细胞凋亡相关基因等;经RT.PCR证实,颞叶癫(癎)组突触重建调控因子SH3GL2的mRNA表达水平(1.022±0.547)明显高于对照组(0.446±0.171,t=-3.181),免疫调控基因BTN2A2的mRNA表达在颞叶癫(癎)组(0.481±0.196)同样高于对照组(0.243±0.111,t=3.351),而编码内向整流钾通道亚单位基因KCNJ4 mRNA的表达水平在颞叶癫疴组(0.438±0.178)则明显低于对照组(0.795±0.112),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 在颞叶癫(癎)发生发展各个阶段均有基因的参与,是一个复杂的调控过程;芯片试验结果对进一步探讨疾病可能的发病机制以及为探求疾病治疗的新靶点提供了依据.     

Cardiac asystole during a temporal lobe seizure

The association between temporal lobe seizures and cardiac arrhythmias has been anecdotally reported in the literature. Ictal bradycardia and cardiac asystole are rare, and maybe underestimated. The physiological mechanism is poorly understood. We report a patient with left temporal lobe seizures who developed ictal bradycardia and cardiac asystole during a complex partial seizure and required a subsequent placement of a pacemaker.     

PET/CT定位伽玛刀治疗顽固性癫痫的临床研究

目的评价PET/CT定位伽玛刀治疗难治性癫痫的疗效。方法对2007年1月至2010年12月来我院就诊的难治性癫痫患者进行PET/CT检查,30例患者接受了伽玛刀治疗,均以50%等剂量曲线包绕病灶,周边剂量为9～13Gy。根据PET/CT显示的致痫灶的代谢分为低代谢组(A组)和高代谢组(B组,包括高低病灶并存);低代谢组根据PET/CT显示的致痫灶的数量分为单病灶组(A1)和多病灶组(A2)。结果随访12～48个月,30例患者PET显像均表现异常,低代谢灶20例,高代谢灶8例,低代谢灶和高代谢灶共存2例。低代谢组中单病灶14例,多病灶6例。A和B组癫痫发作频率较治疗前明显降低,且B组疗效明显高于A组。A1组和A2组癫痫发作频率较治疗前明显降低,且A1组疗效明显高于A2组。所有治疗病例均未发生明显并发症。结论 PET/CT定位伽玛刀治疗难治性癫痫具有较高的有效率。高代谢组疗、单一病灶组疗效优于低代谢组、多病灶组。