溴化十二烷基二甲基苄基铵─溴麝香草酚蓝分光光度法测定水中阴离子表面活性剂

本文建立了溴化十二烷基二甲基苄基铵－溴麝香草酚蓝分光光度法水相直接测定阴离子表面活性剂的方法。ＳＤＢＳ在０～１９５μｇ／１０ｍｌ，ＳＤＳ在０～１５８μｇ／１０ｍｌ，ＳＬＳ在０～６０μｇ／１０ｍｌ范围内遵守比耳定律，其表观摩尔吸光系数分别为：３．９９×１０￣４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ￣（－１）·ｃｍ￣（－１）（ＳＤＢＳ）；３．７０×１０￣４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ￣（－１）·ｃｍ￣（－１）（ＳＤＳ）；１．７１×１０￣４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ￣（－１）·ｃｍ￣（－１）（ＳＬＳ）。用此法测定了河水和生活废水中的阴离子表面活性剂，相对标准偏差为０．５７％～１．２％，回收率为９５．５％～１０３％。     

高效液相色谱法测定空气中β—萘酚含量

用玻璃纤维滤膜收集空气中的β－萘酚经甲醇解吸，ＯＤＳ柱分离，ＵＶ－２４５ｎｍ检测，高效液相色谱测定β－萘酚时的最低检测浓度为０．００３ｍｇ／ｍ＾３，在不同浓度时相对标准差均小于１０％。β－萘酚浓度为０￣１０．０μｇ／ｍｌ，标准曲线呈线性关系。甲醇对β－萘酚的解吸效率良好，浓度为３．０、６．７和１０．０μｇ／ｍｌβ－萘酸解吸效率分别为１００．０、９８．５和９６．３％。以５ｌ／ｍｉｎ的速度采样１０ｍｉ     

气相色谱法测定车间空气中的甲醛

采用气相色谱法测定车间空气中甲醛的含量。样品经分离柱分离后,用ＳＰ２３０８－１型转化炉转化为甲醇,用氮焰离子化检测器检测。本法较其它方法简便,快速、灵敏度高。甲醛检测限为７．５＊１０＾－４μｇ／ｍｌ,线性范围１．５＊１０＾－３－２．８＊１０＾－２μｇ／ｍｌ,变异系数３．７７％（ｎ＝１０）,ｌｋｄ ｎｈ ｙｘ １０２．０％－１０４．０％。     

乙酰丙酮－甲醛分光光度法测定空气中氨

用乙酰丙酮－甲醛分光光度法测定空气中氨含量．结果表明该方法选择性好．灵敏度高．线性范围０．２～８０μｇ／２．５ｍｌ．变异系数为１．３～５．６％．回收率为９６．０～１０２．３％．检测限为０．２μｇ／２．５ｍｌ。方法简便、快速、准确．经现场测试可用于空气卫生监测。     

示波极谱法测定食品中的核黄素

核黄素在Ｎａ２ＨＰＯ４－ＮａＨ２ＰＯ４缓冲体系中有一灵敏的二阶导数极谱峰,含量在０．２－１５０μｇ／１０ｍｌ内峰电流与量呈线性关系。对０．５和３．０μｇ／１０ｍｌ核黄素标准溶液测定液１０次的ＲＳＤ分别为５．２％和１．６％,对同一样品进行９次平行测定的ＲＳＤ为３．４％,对样品进行两浓度水平加标回收试验,其回收率分别为９１．１％和１０７．２％。本法精密准确,简便易行可用于常见食品样品中核黄素含量测定。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定尿中铅

本文介绍火焰法测定尿铅。使用ＨＮＯ３（浓）和Ｈ２Ｏ２（３０％）为氧化剂热消化。所得白色固体全部溶解在５ｍｌ５％（Ｖ／Ｖ）ＨＮＯ３中，火焰法测定，氘灯扣除背景，用特制的石英管火焰罩，可提高灵敏度２￣３倍。检测限０．０４μｇ·ｍｌ＾－１；回收率９１．３％￣１０５％；ＣＶ％＝６．７（两周）；线性范围０￣１２μｇ·ｍｌ＾－１；标准曲线Ｙ＝０．００２９＋０．０８２Ｘ；ｒ＝０．９９９９；与以硫腙法对比实验，统     

空气中氧化氮的催化光度法测定

空气中氮氧化物经三氧化铬氧化管氧化成二氧化氮，二氧化氮被吸收于ＮａＯＨ溶液中形成亚硝酸根离子，在甲酸介质中亚硝酸根对溴酸钾氧化甲基橙褪色反应有催化作用。本法测定亚硝酸根的线性范围为１．０￣１０．０μｇ／１０ｍｌ，直线回归方程为Ｙ＝０．１４７１Ｘ＋０．０３２２，检出限为１．０μｇ／１０ｍｌ。方法简便、灵敏，可用于空气中氧氮化的测定。     

紫外分光光度法测定“保健型”卫生巾中的微量洗必泰

用紫外分光光度法测定消毒剂洗必泰在“保健型”妇女卫生巾中的含量。结果表明该方法灵敏度高，取样量少，线性范围０．７～１０μｇ／ｍｌ，相对标准差为３．４８～６．９０％，平均回收率范围８５～９５．８％，检测限为０．７μｇ／ｍｌ。方法简便、快速、准确。     

顶空气相色谱法测定尿中的正己烷

本文应用顶空气相色谱法测定尿中的正己烷,对测定方法的各种影响因素进行了试验。在本法的测定条件下,尿中正己烷的最低检出浓度为０．０００５μｇ／ｍｌ,方法的线性范围为０．０００５～１．０μｇ／ｍｌ,不同浓度样品重复测定时,相对标准偏差为３．２％～４．１％...     

明胶配位法测定空气中氰化物

采用明胶配位法测定空气中氰化物，该法在ｐＨ＝８．０－１０．０的碱性介质中，明胶与银离子形成银明胶配事物，该配合物与氰根反应，生成银氰配合物，根据色程度比色定量，其线性范围是３－４０μｇ／ｍｌ，回归方程Ｙ＝０．７４７９－０．０１４Ｘ，相关系数为０．９９８９，检测限为０．２μｇ／ｍｌ。其变异系数均小于１０％。     

Double-blind intervention trial on modulation of ozone effects on pulmonary function by antioxidant supplements

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the acute effects of ozone on lung function could be modulated by antioxidant vitamin supplementation in a placebo-controlled study. Lung function was measured in Dutch bicyclists (n = 38) before and after each training session on a number of occasions (n = 380) during the summer of 1996. The vitamin group (n = 20) received 100 mg of vitamin E and 500 mg of vitamin C daily for 15 weeks. The average ozone concentration during exercise was 77 microg/m3 (range, 14-186 microg/m3). After exclusion of subjects with insufficient compliance from the analysis, a difference in ozone exposure of 100 microg/m3 decreased forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) 95 ml (95% confidence interval (CI) -265 to -53) in the placebo group and 1 ml (95% CI -94 to 132) in the vitamin group; for forced vital capacity, the change was -125 ml (95% CI -384 to -36) in the placebo group and -42 ml (95% CI -130 to 35) in the vitamin group. The differences in ozone effect on lung function between the groups were statistically significant. The results suggest that supplementation with the antioxidant vitamins C and E confers partial protection against the acute effects of ozone on FEV1 and forced vital capacity in cyclists.     

低浓度臭氧净化空气中甲醛效果的实验性研究

目的　了解低浓度臭氧对室内空气甲醛污染的净化效果。　方法　在密闭的超净工作台 ,人工产生甲醛后 ,用一支 3 0 W的紫外灯产生低浓度臭氧 ,采用国家标准的分析方法测定甲醛和臭氧浓度。　结果　在臭氧浓度 <0 .0 75mg/ m3的条件下 ,低浓度臭氧对甲醛的净化率为 4 1.74 0 %。　结论　低浓度臭氧对室内空气甲醛污染有净化效果。     

水中臭氧的快速测定

建立了水中臭氧的ＫＩ－硫酸－４－氨基－Ｎ,Ｎ－二乙基苯胺（ＤＰＤ）分光光度测定法。此方法是在ｐＨ３．５条例上,根据臭氧与碘化钾的定量反应：Ｏ３＋２Ｉ＾－＋２Ｈ＾＋→Ｏ２＋Ｉ２＋Ｈ２Ｏ,生成的Ｉ２与ＤＰＤＰ反应显粉红色,在５１０ｎｍ处用分光光度计测定,直接测定的线型范围为０～１．００ｍｇ／Ｌ,最低检测浓度为０．０１ｍｇ／Ｌ,相对标准偏差为１．２％～２．７％（ｎ＝１０）,回收率在９８．６％～１０６．６     

高效液相色谱法测定空气中苯胺和N-甲基苯胺的研究

目的建立高效液相色谱法同时测定空气中苯胺、N-甲基苯胺的检测方法。方法应用高效液相色谱，C18通用色谱柱，以甲醇为流动相，流速0．7ml／min，紫外检测器在240nm波长下测定吸收值。，结果苯胺线性范围0．00～1000μg／ml，回归方程：Y=0．000936x＋0．6769，相关系数r=0．9999，最低检出浓度1．0μg／ml，空气中最低检出浓度0．22μg／m^3，在250、25、2．5μg/ml浓度下测得平均回收率分别为：99．2％、100．5％、104．4％，相对标准偏差RSD分别为0．23％、0．42％、3．25％；N-甲基苯胺线性范围0．00～1000μg／ml，回归方程：Y=0．00124x＋0．02，相关系数r=0．9999，最低检出浓度0．4μg／ml，空气中最低检出浓度0．09μg／m^3，在250、25、2．5μg／ml浓度下测得平均回收率分别为：99．7％、101．6％、102．0％，相对标准偏差RSD分别为0．27％、0．23％、3．65％。结论分析时间短，相关性好，精密度高，准确度好。特异性强，该法线性范围宽。     

室内空气臭氧卫生标准的研究

目的制定我国室内空气臭氧的卫生标准。方法研究了日间臭氧峰值时各类场所室内空气臭氧的水平，并进行了低浓度臭氧的动物实验，观察肺组织脂质过氧化物含量，支气管上皮超微结构及腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能。结果验证了空气臭氧水平在０．１ｍｇ／ｍ３的安全性和以此作为室内空气限值的可行性。结论综合国内外现有的资料数据并参考有关标准，提出了室内空气臭氧卫生标准的基准值０．１ｍｇ／ｍ３。     

臭氧对中央空调系统及室内自然菌的消毒效果

目的 探讨臭氧对中央空调系统及室内自然菌的消毒效果。方法 在中央空调送风主管道口安装臭氧发生器，借助中央空调在送风时的动力将产生的臭氧送至各条分支管道和各个房间，在臭氧消毒前、后分别测定房间内送风管道口及室内空气中自然菌的数量，然后计算消亡率。结果 臭氧作用60min后，中央空调管道送风口自然菌的消亡率可达60％～90％；室内空气中自然菌的消亡率为—加．00％～71．43％。结论 臭氧可有效地杀灭中央空调送风管道中的自然菌，但在较低浓度时对有人活动的室内的自然菌的杀灭效果不明显。     

Ozone and limonene in indoor air: a source of submicron particle exposure

Little information currently exists regarding the occurrence of secondary organic aerosol formation in indoor air. Smog chamber studies have demonstrated that high aerosol yields result from the reaction of ozone with terpenes, both of which commonly occur in indoor air. However, smog chambers are typically static systems, whereas indoor environments are dynamic. We conducted a series of experiments to investigate the potential for secondary aerosol in indoor air as a result of the reaction of ozone with d-limonene, a compound commonly used in air fresheners. A dynamic chamber design was used in which a smaller chamber was nested inside a larger one, with air exchange occurring between the two. The inner chamber was used to represent a model indoor environment and was operated at an air exchange rate below 1 exchange/hr, while the outer chamber was operated at a high air exchange rate of approximately 45 exchanges/hr. Limonene was introduced into the inner chamber either by the evaporation of reagent-grade d-limonene or by inserting a lemon-scented, solid air freshener. A series of ozone injections were made into the inner chamber during the course of each experiment, and an optical particle counter was used to measure the particle concentration. Measurable particle formation and growth occurred almost exclusively in the 0.1-0.2 microm and 0.2-0.3 microm size fractions in all of the experiments. Particle formation in the 0.1-0.2 microm size range occurred as soon as ozone was introduced, but the formation of particles in the 0.2-0.3 microm size range did not occur until at least the second ozone injection occurred. The results of this study show a clear potential for significant particle concentrations to be produced in indoor environments as a result of secondary particle formation via the ozone-limonene reaction. Because people spend the majority of their time indoors, secondary particles formed in indoor environments may make a significant contribution to overall particle exposure. This study provides data for assessing the impact of outdoor ozone on indoor particles. This is important to determine the efficacy of the mass-based particulate matter standards in protecting public health because the indoor secondary particles can vary coincidently with the variations of outdoor fine particles in summer.     

室内空气中甲醛的4-氨基-3联氨-5巯基三氮杂茂分光光度测定法的质量控制

目的探讨新装修居室空气中甲醛的4-氨基-3联氨-5巯基三氮杂茂(AHMT)分光光度测定法的质量控制.方法于2004年3-12月在贵阳市2个城区采集35户新装修居民住宅的室内空气,室内空气中甲醛采用AHMT分光光度法测定,用样品配制成甲醛加标浓度为3.0μg/ml的实验室内部质控样,每天平行测定1次,连续20 d,计算各次加标回收率及均值、标准差,制作准确度控制图.结果回收率算术均值为96.57%,标准差为5.17%,则上、下控制限分别为112.08%,81.06%,上、下警告限分别为106.91%,86.23%,上、下辅助限分别为101.74%,91.40%,20次质控样测定的回收率在90.70%～103.00%之间,有70%(14/20)的点在辅助线内,无连续7个点位于中心线的同一侧;无连续3个点位于控制限和警告限之间.35户新装修居室内甲醛浓度范围为0.01～1.71 mg/m3,甲醛检出率为100%,超标率为77.1%,中位数为0.28 mg/m3.结论该研究采用质控方法将AHMT分光光度法测定空气中甲醛的结果控制在规定的误差范围内.     

工作场所空气中二氯甲烷的溶剂解吸气相色谱测定法

目的建立工作场所空气中二氯甲烷的溶剂解吸气相色谱测定方法。方法采用活性炭管采集,二硫化碳解吸,HP-FFAP毛细管柱分离,氢火焰离子化检测器检测空气中的二氯甲烷。结果二氯甲烷浓度在16．58～265．20μg/ml范围内呈线性关系,回归方程为H=0．09766101 C-0．0501081,相关系数r=0．99997;方法检出限为1．79μg／ml。以1．5L的采样量计算空气中的浓度为0．40mg／m^3。管的解吸效率范围为92．5％～93．8％,重复测定的相对标准偏差（RSD）均小于3．0％。结论该方法准确度高,操作简便,灵敏,适用于工作场所空气中二氯甲烷的测定。     

工作场所空气中磷酸的离子色谱测定法

目的 建立工作场所空气中磷酸的离子色谱测定法.方法 空气中磷酸经微孔滤膜采集后,用去离子水洗脱,经色谱柱分离,电导检测器检测,用离子色谱法进行分离测定,保留时间定性,峰高或峰面积定量.结果 方法 线性范围为0～20 μg/ml,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.95%～3.31%,洗脱效率为103.0%～109.6%,最低检出限为0.1 μg/ml(进样量20.0μl),若采集75 L空气进行测定,最低检出浓度为0.01 mg/m3.结论 该方法 采样方便,样品处理简单,灵敏度高,可靠性好,试验过程不需化学试剂,对环境无污染,可用于工作场所空气中磷酸的检测.

Abstract：

Objective To develop a method to determin phosphoric acid in the air of workplace by ion chromatography. Methods Phosphoric acid was collected by millipore filter and washed by deionized water then detected by ion chromatography. Results Linearity range of test was 0～20 μg/ml, relelive standard deviation (RSD) was 1.95%～3.31%, the elution efficiency was 103.0%～ 109.6%, determination limit was 0.1 μg/ml (when sample size was 20.01 ), concentration limit was 0.01 mg/m3(when the collected air was 75 L).Conclusion This method is convenient for air collection, simple, with high sensitivity and good precision, is a good method for determination of phosphoric acid in the air of workplace.