心肺复苏新指南在急诊呼吸心搏骤停病人中的应用

[目的]探讨心肺复苏新指南在急诊呼吸心搏骤停病人中的应用。[方法]回顾性分析2013年3月—2013年12月抢救的73例呼吸心搏骤停病人的临床资料。[结果]73例病人中恢复自主心搏24例,收治EICU 9例,收治重症监护室(ICU)10例,病人家属放弃抢救,自动出院5例,死亡49例;22例院内呼吸心搏骤停病人中恢复自主心搏10例;院外呼吸心搏骤停病人有无院前急救的抢救成功率比较,差异有统计学意义。[结论]对呼吸心搏骤停病人应及时、有效的进行心肺复苏,对非专业人员深入普及心肺复苏知识,加强医护人员急救知识培训及强化心肺复苏技能的训练,才能提高抢救成功率。     

依据2010年AHA CPR&ECC指南对心肺复苏患者临床分析

目的 探讨不同心肺复苏步骤及团队构成人员对心搏骤停患者抢救成功率的影响.方法 采用回顾性分析方法,将400例心搏骤停实施CPR患者分为ABC组(278例)和CAB组(122例),进行对比分析.结果 心搏骤停4 min内实施CPR抢救成功率39.6%,超过6 min实施CPR成功率仅4.6%;实施CAB组复苏成功率显著高于ABC组(P<0.05).结论 尽早实施CPR是成功复苏的关键,CAB步骤可提高CPR成功率,医师3～4人、护士4～5人的急救团队可确保CPR的高质量.     

心肺脑复苏护理用于心搏骤停中的效果分析

目的 探讨心肺脑复苏护理对于心搏骤停患者的护理效果.方法 选择2019年3月至2020年10月实施心肺复苏抢救的100例心搏骤停患者为研究对象.按简单随机法就患者分为常规组和探究组,每组各50例.常规组进行常规急救护理,探究组进行心肺脑复苏护理.分析比较两组的不同时间段4～6min、6～10min抢救存活率、抢救效率.结果 探究组不同时间段抢救存活率高于常规组(P<0.05).探究组患者抢救效率(98.00％)高于常规组(86.00％)(P<0.05).结论 心肺脑复苏护理可提高心搏骤停患者存活率,保证抢     

中西医结合三位一体的急救模式研究

目的:探讨一种新型的中西医结合三位一体急救模式。方法:将原先相互独立的院前急救中心、急诊科、重症监护治疗病房(ICU)合并,成为一个统一指挥、紧密联系的中西医结合三位一体急救中心,制定相应的规章制度、运转程序、中西医结合急救规范及计算机管理系统。观察三位一体急救中心成立前后各2年的心肺复苏抢救成功率、呼救关键抢救间期、急诊患者综合满意度、年急诊抢救患者的数量及经济收入增长情况。结果:三位一体急救较传统模式急救心肺复苏初步成功率从9.0 %提高到35 .0 % ;患者存活率从0 .2 %提高到2 .2 % ;呼救关键抢救间期从平均5 5 m in缩短到平均2 8min;患者综合满意度从85 %提高到95 % ;年急诊患者数量提高了10 3% ,抢救患者数提高了4 4 0 % ,直接经济收入增长了5 4 %。结论:中西医结合三位一体急救中心能提高危重患者的急救速度,提高抢救成功率和患者综合满意度,有良好的社会经济效益。     

2例长时间心搏骤停患者抢救成功报告

心搏骤停发生后,大部分患者将在4～6 min开始发生不可逆的脑损害,随后经数分钟过渡到生物学死亡.近期,本院成功复苏2例心搏骤停20 min的患者,现报告如下. 1病例介绍 1.1病例1:患者男性,25岁,头部外伤后心搏、呼吸停止20 min,于2010年8月6日就诊.入院时患者意识丧失,双侧瞳孔散大,心搏、呼吸停止.立即行心肺脑复苏(CPCR):心脏按压,气管插管人工通气,应用血管活性药物,冰枕,约4 min后出现心室纤颤(室颤),给予除颤2次(双向波200 J).10 min后恢复自主心跳,转重症监护病房(ICU)继续给予亚低温(体温控制在32～34℃)、脑保护、维护生命体征、防治并发症等治疗.     

视频指导自学模式在医院心肺复苏培训中的应用评价

随着现代急救医学的发展和急性心搏骤停(sudden cardiac arrest,SCA)发生率的不断增加,人们已经越来越关注这一严重影响公众健康的疾病.在目前情况下,发生心搏骤停(cardiac arrest,CA)事件后,患者的生存率仅为5%[1].研究显示,大约有1/3的心搏骤停事件发生在医院内[2],包括重症病房、普通病房、或是院内其他场所.高质量的心肺复苏(cardiopulmonary resuscitation,CPR)是SCA 现场急救的第一步,也是决定复苏能否成功及患者预后的关键,因此医务人员掌握心肺复苏技能的重要性显而易见.但调查显示,无论医院工作人员或是普通旁观者,都可能无法保证进行高质量的心肺复苏[3-4].所以,医院有必要定期组织培训以更新知识,巩固心肺复苏技能.     

生脉注射液加护心通用于心肺脑复苏的临床研究

目的:观察中西医结合方法用于心肺复苏后延续生命支持阶段对维护心脏和循环功能、提高心肺脑复苏成功率的效果.方法:69例心搏骤停经心肺复苏心搏恢复患者,随机分为中西医结合组35例和对照组34例,两组均按"2000年国际心肺复苏与心血管急救指南"进行积极心肺复苏,常规使用抢救措施和急救药物;中西医结合组在上述救治基础上,在心搏恢复后即刻或延续生命支持阶段早期联合应用生脉注射液和护心通静脉滴注,每日1次,连用3～7 d.结果:①两组≤5 min开始心肺复苏者心肺脑复苏成功率最高,6～10 min次之;中西医结合组各时间段复苏成功率均高于对照组;11～15 min对照组无复苏成功者.②各种原因所致的心搏骤停中,中西医结合组心肺脑复苏成功率为63%(22/35例),明显高于对照组32%(11/34例),P<0.01.③心律、平均动脉压、最大氧耗指数、心肌酶谱、血液生化、肝肾功能、血气分析与酸碱平衡、白细胞计数及中性粒细胞分类等项指标达稳定(或)平衡时间,中西医结合组较对照组明显提前(P<0.05).结论:在延续生命支持阶段联合应用生脉注射液和护心通注射液,有维护心脏和循环功能、提高心肺脑复苏成功率的良好疗效.     

视频指导自学模式在医院心肺复苏培训中的应用评价

随着现代急救医学的发展和急性心搏骤停(sudden cardiac arrest,SCA)发生率的不断增加,人们已经越来越关注这一严重影响公众健康的疾病.在目前情况下,发生心搏骤停(cardiac arrest,CA)事件后,患者的生存率仅为5%[1].研究显示,大约有1/3的心搏骤停事件发生在医院内[2],包括重症病房、普通病房、或是院内其他场所.高质量的心肺复苏(cardiopulmonary resuscitation,CPR)是SCA 现场急救的第一步,也是决定复苏能否成功及患者预后的关键,因此医务人员掌握心肺复苏技能的重要性显而易见.但调查显示,无论医院工作人员或是普通旁观者,都可能无法保证进行高质量的心肺复苏[3-4].所以,医院有必要定期组织培训以更新知识,巩固心肺复苏技能.     

有效人工通气在心脏疾患致心搏骤停心肺脑复苏中价值的探讨

目的　评价A(airway)、B(breath)、C(circulation)抢救步骤在心脏疾患致心搏骤停患者心肺脑复苏 (CPCR)中的价值。方法　收集因心脏疾患致心搏骤停行CPCR患者的临床资料 (4 4例 ,男 2 9例 ,女 15例 ,年龄 40～ 85岁 ,平均 70 .0± 11.6岁 ) ,按照CPCR实际操作过程中所采取的ABC先后顺序不同 ,将患者分为C、CAB、AB、ABC组。CAB组中 ,按照C与AB步骤采取的间隔时间不同 ,分 <5min、5～ 10min、>10min组。统计各组Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期复苏成功率 (% ) ,χ2 检验统计各组复苏成功率差异显著性。结果　C组 (32例次 ,11例 )中 ,各期复苏成功率均 >87.5 % ,显著高于其它各组 (P <0 .0 1)。CAB组 (2 4例 )C -AB间隔时间不等 ,各期复苏成功率不等 ,C -AB <5min组各期复苏成功率明显高于 >5min组 (P <0 .0 5～ 0 .0 1)。AB组 (3例 )与ABC组 (6例 )各期复苏成功率 33.3%～ 10 0 % ,显著高于CAB组 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　CAB是心脏疾患致心搏骤停患者CPCR中可取的抢救步骤 ,但 5min可能是进行有效人工通气的极限     

心脏手术后心搏骤停复苏11例临床特点及护理对策

作介绍了1998年11例心脏手术后心搏骤停实施心肺脑复苏(CPCR)患的病例资料,复苏成功与康复出院率为64％。作通过对CPCR患的病情、心脏骤停诱因、心脏手术后CPCR特点等进行总结分析,结合ICU特点,从提高护士争分夺秒的抢救意识、提高开胸心脏按压(OCC)意识、提高护士业务素质、突出护理重点等方面,提出心脏外科ICU中CPCR的护理对策。     

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in critically ill neurologic-neurosurgical patients

OBJECTIVES: To establish the rate of successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and to study outcome predictors in patients who experienced in-hospital cardiac arrest after being admitted to the neurologic-neurosurgical intensive care unit (ICU) with a primary neurologic diagnosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We identified patients admitted to the neurologic-neurosurgical ICU between 1994 and 2001 who experienced in-hospital cardiac arrest and received CPR. Functional outcome was assessed using the modified Rankin scale. RESULTS: During the study period, 38 consecutive patients experienced in-hospital cardiac arrest and received CPR. The median age of the patients was 65 years (range, 16-81 years), and the mean interval from admission to CPR was 12 days (range, 3 hours to 47 days). Acute intracranial disease was present in 32 patients (84%). Twenty-one patients (55%) were in the ICU at the time of the cardiac arrest; cardiac arrests in the wards occurred at a mean interval of 9 days (range, 1-45 days) after ICU discharge. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation achieved return of spontaneous circulation in 23 patients (61%). Seven patients (18%) were discharged from the hospital, 5 of whom later achieved a modified Rankin scale score of 2 or lower. Cardiac arrest after a deteriorating clinical course resulted in uniformly fatal outcomes. Duration of CPR shorter than 5 minutes and CPR in the ICU were associated with survival and good functional recovery. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is a worthwhile procedure in severely ill neurologic-neurosurgical patients, regardless of the patient's age. However, the outcome after CPR appears much worse in patients with a prior deteriorating clinical course.     

影响护理人员心肺复苏成功率的分析研究

目的：了解临床护理人员心肺复苏术掌握现状,并对成功率的影响因素进行分析探讨。方法：使用复苏型安妮模型对我院133名1年内护士、ICU护理骨干、护士长分组进行CPR测试、培训、再测试,对测试结果进行统计分析。结果：1年内护士与ICU护理骨干、护士长抢救合格率比较有统计学差异。培训前、后3组技能测试成绩人工呼吸、胸外按压分值均有明显提高,差异有统计学意义。1年内护士间隔12月测试成绩明显下降。讨论：护理人员资历、专业和疲劳程度均影响CPR。CPR在我院护理人员中的掌握情况不尽人意,需定期常规培训,以间隔6个月最佳。     

Outcome and cost implications of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the medical intensive care unit of a comprehensive cancer center

Intensive care unit (ICU) resources are frequently utilized in the supportive care of hospitalized patients with cancer. Patients with cancer reportedly have poor outcomes from cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and patient care costs of CPR applied to patients already receiving life support in an ICU. The medical records of patients who developed cardiac arrest and underwent CPR in the ICU of a comprehensive cancer center between 1993 and 2000 were reviewed. ICU charges after the first episode of CPR were analyzed. There were 5,196 admissions to the ICU during this time; 406 (8%) of the patients underwent CPR; 67% had hematologic malignancies or had undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: 256 patients (63%) died at the time of the arrest, and in 150 (37%) spontaneous circulation was restored. There were 104 patients (26%) who survived more than 24 hours but ultimately died during their hospitalization; their mean time to death was 4.3 days (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.9-5.6), and mean ICU charges were $45,877 (95% CI $24,802-$66,952). Seven patients (2%) survived to be discharged. Patients who survived after CPR and were discharged from the hospital were those who had acute ventricular dysrhythmias and were resuscitated promptly. The application of CPR to cancer patients receiving life support is costly and typically does not lead to long-term survival. Cancer patients requiring admission to an ICU should receive full supportive care short of resuscitation. Providing assurances that care will remain appropriate, aggressive, and in accordance with the patient's and family's wishes can optimize compassionate care while avoiding futile life-sustaining interventions.     

Out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation with the AutoPulse system: a prospective observational study with a new load-distributing band chest compression device

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness, the safety, and the practicability of the new automated load-distributing band resuscitation device AutoPulse in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the midsized urban emergency service of Bonn city. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, observational study. METHODS: Measurements of effectiveness were the proportion of patients with a return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and end-tidal carbon-dioxide (etCO(2)) values during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The indications of safety was the proportion of injuries caused by the device, and practicability was assessed by the measurement of the time taken to setup the AutoPulse. RESULTS: Forty-six patients were resuscitated with the device from September 2004 to May 2005. In 25 patients (54.3%) ROSC was achieved, 18 patients (39.1%) were admitted to intensive care unit (ICU), and 10 patients (21.8%) were discharged from ICU. End-tidal capnography showed significantly higher etCO(2) values in patients with ROSC than in patients without ROSC. The mean time to setup the AutoPulse was 4.7+/-5.9 min, but activation of the device after arrival at the scene in 2 min or less was possible in 67.4%. No injuries were detected after use of the AutoPulse-CPR. CONCLUSION: The AutoPulse system is an effective and safe mechanical CPR device useful in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest CPR. Automated CPR devices may play an increasingly important role in CPR in the future because they assure continuous chest compressions of a constant quality.     

Successful CPCR in two patients.

Authors have salvaged two cases suffering from respiratory and cardiac arrest with active effective cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation (CPCR). One was a 53-year-old woman with myasthenia gravis whose tracheostomy tube was dislodged on the way to being transferred to the ICU. Another case, a 56-year-old farmer, the victim of an anesthesia accident which occurred in the cystoscopic examination room where equipment for CPR was unavailable. The patients were discharged with complete recovery of brain function after 64 days of unconsciousness in case 1 and weaning off after 74 days of mechanical ventilation in case 2. It is very important for the success of CPR to understand and practice the technique of CPR in the order: A (airway), B (breathing) and C (circulation). Early intubation and defibrillation is effective measurements for successful CPR. Training programs of CPR must be held not only for medical personnel but also for citizens in the developing counties.     

Efficacy of CPR in a general,adult ICU

AIM: To investigate the initial cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) success rate and long term survival in an Intensive care unit (ICU) population. PATIENTS: All patients with cardiac arrest over a 2-year-period (1999-2000) in a general, adult ICU of a general hospital of Athens. METHODS: Retrospective collection of clinical data concerning patients, CPR characteristics and survival rates. RESULTS: We examined 111 ICU patients, aged 56.4+/-1.9 years (72 males). SAPS II score was 43.9+/-3.8. CPR was performed in 98.2% of the patients within 30 s. Initial restoration of cardiac function (RCF) and successful CPR rate was 100% while 24 h survival was 9.2%. Survivors at 24 h were younger, mainly males, with lower SAPS II score, mainly with pulmonary disease, ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia (8/10) and initial pupil reactivity (5/10). Four patients required more than one cycle of CPR. Survival to discharge was zero. CONCLUSION: Although the initial successful CPR rate in ICU patients may be high, long term survival and hospital discharge is disappointing. Although ICU patients are better monitored and treated in a timely fashion, they are disadvantaged by chronic underlying diseases, severe current medical illnesses and multi organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) leads to worst outcome after CPR compared with in-ward patients.     

The combined use of mechanical CPR and a carry sheet to maintain quality resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients during extrication and transport

BackgroundQuality of manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) during extrication and transport of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest victims is known to be poor. Performing manual CPR during ambulance transport poses significant risk to the attending emergency medical services crew. We sought to use pre-hospital video recording to objectively analyse the impact of introducing mechanical CPR with an extrication sheet (Autopulse, Zoll) to an advanced, second-tier cardiac arrest response team.MethodsThe study was conducted prospectively using defibrillator downloads and analysis of pre-hospital video recording to measure the quality of CPR during extrication from scene and ambulance transport of the OHCA patient. Adult patients with non-traumatic OHCA were included. The interruption to manual CPR to during extrication and to deploy the mechanical CPR device was analysed.ResultsIn the manual CPR group, 53 OHCA cases were analysed for quality of CPR during extrication. The median time that chest compression was interrupted to allow the patient to be carried from scene to the ambulance was 270 s (IQR 201–387 s). 119 mechanical CPR cases were analysed. The median time interruption from last manual compression to first Autopulse compression was 39 s (IQR 29–47 s). The range from last manual compression to first Autopulse compression was 14–118 s.ConclusionMechanical CPR used in combination with an extrication sheet can be effectively used to improve the quality of resuscitation during extrication and ambulance transport of the refractory OHCA patient. The time interval to deploy the mechanical CPR device can be shortened with regular simulation training.     

Relationship between Time-to-ROSC and Survival in Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest ECPR Candidates: When is the Best Time to Consider Transport to Hospital?

Objective: Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) may improve outcomes for refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Transport of intra-arrest patients to hospital however, may decrease CPR quality, potentially reducing survival for those who would have achieved return-of-spontaneous-circulation (ROSC) with further on-scene resuscitation. We examined time-to-ROSC and patient outcomes for the optimal time to consider transport. Methods: From a prospective registry of consecutive adult non-traumatic OHCA's, we identified a hypothetical ECPR-eligible cohort of EMS-treated patients with age ≤ 65, witnessed arrest, and bystander CPR or EMS arrival < 10 minutes. We assessed the relationship between time-to-ROSC and survival, and constructed a ROC curve to illustrate the ability of a pulseless state to predict non-survival with conventional resuscitation. Results: Of 6,571 EMS-treated cases, 1,206 were included with 27% surviving. Increasing time–to–ROSC (per minute) was negatively associated with survival (adjusted OR 0.91; 95%CI 0.89–0.93%). The yield of survivors per minute of resuscitation increased from commencement and started to decline in the 8th minute. Fifty percent and 90% of survivors had achieved ROSC by 8.0 and 24 min, respectively, at which times the probability of survival for those with initial shockable rhythms was 31% and 10%, and for non-shockable rhythms was 5.2% and 1.6%. The ROC curve illustrated that the 16th minute of resuscitation maximized sensitivity and specificity (AUC = 0.87, 95% CI 0.85–0.89). Conclusion: Transport for ECPR should be considered between 8 to 24 minutes of professional on-scene resuscitation, with 16 minutes balancing the risks and benefits of early and later transport. Earlier transport within this window may be preferred if high quality CPR can be maintained during transport and for those with initial non-shockable rhythms.     

385例院前心肺复苏成败的原因及探讨

目的:通过分析院前死亡病因及现场复苏成败的原因,进一步提高院前急救复苏有效率。方法:回顾性分析我区急救中心2000年1月-2003年12月385例院前心肺复苏病例资料。结果:本组385例死亡原因以心血管疾病、外科创伤、脑血管疾病、不明原因为前4位;全部病例在急救人员到达前均未开展心肺复苏((CPR),其中有最初目击者155例(40.3％);急救中心接到呼救并派出救护车到达现场平均间期在复苏有效组与无效组中分别为8.32min和10.23 min;所有病例经现场复苏无效死亡360例(93.5％),现场复苏有效25例(6.5％),复苏成功1例(0.26％);由急救人员行除颤、气管内插管(或喉罩插管)现场复苏有效率分别为21.2％和33.3％,而未行除颤、气管内插管(或喉罩插管)现场复苏有效率分别为2.3％和0.6％,两者差别有显著意义(P<0.01)。结论:识别高危人群,在人群中普及以CPR为主的初级救护知识,由最初目击者及早开展CPR,尽可能缩短呼救-到达现场间期,早期除颤及气管内插管(或喉罩插管),可提高院前急救复苏有效率。