1995-2005年广西城市汉族学生视力状况分析

目的了解和掌握广西区城市汉族学生视力低下发生、发展规律。方法对1995、2000、2005年广西区学生健康监测中城市汉族7～18岁中小学生的视力资料进行统计分析。结果1995、2000、2005年广西区城市汉族7～18岁中小学生视力低下率分别为38.91%(5325/13686)、40.83%(2837/6949)、51.14%(1841/3600),10年间视力低下率升高12.23%;视力低下率随年级升高而上升(P<0.01),重度视力低下构成比上升;女生视力低下率高于男生(P<0.01)。结论广西区城市汉族中小学生视力低下状况不容乐观,应加强预防近视的健康教育。     

高唐县中小学生视力低下现状分析

目的了解高唐县中小学生视力低下现状,为保护中小学生视力提供科学理论依据。方法对全县2010年9月体检的中小学生健康体检资料进行汇总性统计分析。结果初中及小学学生视力低下率为31.6%,以中重度为主,占78.2%。随着年龄和年级的增加,轻度视力低下所占比例逐渐下降,中重度视力低下所占比例逐渐增加,女生高于男生(χ2=640.26,P<0.01),城区高于乡镇(χ2=979.18,P<0.01)。结论高唐县初中及小学视力低下率较为严重,应采取综合措施控制其发展速度。     

2010年全州县中学生视力低下状况分析

目的了解全州县中学生视力低下状况,为制订预防控制措施提供科学依据.方法按《全国学生体质健康状况调查研究工作手册》对全州县部分乡镇初中、县城初中及所有高中学生进行裸眼视力检测.结果调查学生14788人,视力低下8957人,视力低下率为60.57%,其中初中生视力低下率为52.63%(2578/4898),高中生视力低下率为64.50%(6379/9890).乡镇初中生视力低下率为32.30%,县城初中为64.47%,乡镇高中为39.14%,县城普通高中为63.18%,重点高中为85.07%,5个地区的学生视力低下率比较,差异有非常显著性意义( 2=1805.73,P<0.01).各年级学生视力低下率比较,差异均有非常显著性意义( 2=324.97,P<0.01).视力低下的学生中以重度和中度视力低下为主(分别占37.77%和36.65%).结论全州县中学生视力低下状况较为严重,尤以重点高中为甚(85.07%),应引起社会各界重视.     

2016年辉县市农村中小学生视力低下状况分析

目的了解辉县市农村中小学生视力低下状况,为指导农村中小学生做好视力保健工作提供依据。方法根据辉县市的具体情况,随机抽取2016年辉县市农村三个不同区域学校的体检数据,分析其视力低下状况。结果三个不同区域中小学校在校学生11 528人,视力低下的4 224人,低下率为36.64%。其中轻度视力低下占21.95%,中度视力低下占39.07%,重度视力低下占38.97%。平原地区视力低下率为30.87%,丘陵地区视力低下率为41.93%,山区视力低下率为43.41%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=175.41,P0.05)。女生视力低下率40.23%,高于男生视力低下率33.32%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=59.32,P0.05)。不同年级视力低下随年级升高而升高(χ~2=1 838.14,P0.05)。结论辉县市农村不同区域中小学生视力低下率较高,并且随年级升高而升高;女生高于男生。     

2018年荆州市中心城区中小学生视力状况调查分析

目的了解荆州市沙市区中小学生视力低下程度,为沙市区开展中小学生视力保健工作提供依据。方法分析荆州市沙市区中小学生2018年视力筛查结果。结果荆州市沙市区中小学生总体视力低下率为57.3%,其中小学生视力低下检出率为54.2%,初中学生视力低下检出率为65.3%,不同学组之间视力低下检出率比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01);视力低下程度小学生以中度为主,占52.8%,初中生以重度为主,占54.4%,视力低下程度随着年龄增长而加深,城乡学生视力低下程度比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01),城市中小学生视力低下检出率为68.5%,乡镇中小学生视力低下检出率为33.1%。结论视力低下发生率和视力不良程度随着年龄增长而增加。要降低视力低下发生率,需要做好低龄组儿童和视力正常儿童的眼保健工作,做好近视防治工作是降低视力低下发生率的重要措施。     

光泽县2011年中小学生视力低下现状分析

目的 了解光泽县中小学生视力低下的现状,为预防视力低下提供科学依据.方法 对光泽县2011年学生体检12 233数据进行分析.结果 光泽县中小学生视力低下率为34.6％(4 229/12 233),其中小学生30.7％,中学生27.4％,高中生49.3％,且随年级的增长,程度上升；各年级视力低下率女生(39.6％)均高于男生(30.0％),城市(35.7％)高于农村(21.9％).结论 应采取综合防治措施减少新发病例的发生,将学生视力低下率控制在较低水平.     

曲阜市中学生视力状况调查

目的了解曲阜市中学生的视力状况,为采取预防措施提供依据。方法于2006年9月份按《全国中小学生健康监护技术规范》对曲阜市直属中学在校读初、高中生进行裸眼视力检查。结果共调查学生9014人,其中视力低下者6799人,占75.4%,重度视力低下者占总数的51.2%(4612/9014)。初中生和高中生的视力低下率分别为77.3%(1483/1919)和74.9%(5316/7095),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);初中各年级学生的视力低下率差异有显著性意义(P<0.01);女生视力低下率(77.3%)高于男生(73.2%)(P<0.01)。结论曲阜市中学生视力低下情况较为严重,应积极采取措施,早预防、早治疗。     

汕头市中学生视力状况调查

目的了解汕头市中学生的视力状况,为采取防制措施提供依据。方法于2004年5月按《全国中小学生健康监护技术规范》对汕头市省、市直属中学在校初、高中学生进行裸眼视力检测。结果共调查学生9 014人,其中视力低下者6 799人,占75.4%,重度视力低下者占总数的51.2%(4 612/9 014)。初中生和高中生的视力低下率分别为77.3%(1 483/1 919)和74.9%(5 316/7 095),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),初中各年级学生的视力低下率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);女生视力低下率(77.3%)高于男生(73.2%)(P<0.01)。结论汕头市中学生视力低下情况较为严重,应积极采取措施,早预防、早治疗。     

鹤山市1997—1999年中小学生视力低下情况分析

为分析我市中小学生近几年视力低下变化情况 ,提高防治水平 ,现总结鹤山市 1997～ 1999年中小学生视力资料如下。1　对象与方法我市学校卫生保健所每年都对全市中小学生进行健康检查 (只有两所小学、两所中学由市防疫站负责体检 )。视力检查按《1995年全国学生体质健康状况调查研究实施方案》规定的方法进行。采用统一的标准对数视力表 ,判断标准是≥ 5 .0为正常视力 ,4.9为轻度 ,4.8～ 4.6为中度 ,≤ 4.5为重度视力低下。2　结果与分析2 .1　视力低下情况　我市 1997年体检学生 5 46 86人 ,视力低下人数 15 0 36人 ,视力低下率 2 7.5 %。 1…     

2011年常熟市中小学生视力低下情况分析

目的为了解常熟市学生视力低下情况,探寻我市中小学生视力低下的变化规律。方法按照全市学生体检的分工,由各体检单位进行视力检查并将学生视力检查结果等相关信息录入电脑。资料整理后用SPSS 17.0进行统计分析。结果小学到高中三个学龄段的视力低下率逐步升高。城区、乡镇视力低下率均为女生显著高于男生(P<0.01)。在小学和初中阶段,城区男生和女生视力低下率均显著高于乡镇(P0.05)。男生视力低下轻度率二年级最高,高二最低;中度率五年级最高,高二最低;重度率逐步由一年级7.90%增长到高二的83.60%,高三略低于高二及高一。女生视力低下轻度率一年级最高,高三最低;中度率从一年级到五年级递增,五年级到高三递减;重度率从一年级到高三持续升高。结论我市中小学生视力低下率高,视力低下程度较严重,应施加多方面多渠道的措施,全社会共同参与来改善这一现况。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.