帕金森病患者视幻觉相关因素分析

目的研究帕金森病(PD)患者视幻觉(VHs)的发生率及相关因素。方法根据是否有VHs将367例PD患者分为VHs组及无VHs组。采用统一帕金森病评分量表第三部分(UPDRS-Ⅲ)、Hoehn-Yahr(H-Y)分期、非运动症状问卷(NMS-Quest)、帕金森病睡眠量表(PDSS)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评估患者的PD相关病情。结果 VHs组62例(16..9%),其中46例为复杂VHs(74.2%)。与无VHs组比较,VHs组患者病程显著延长,H-Y分期、UPDRSⅢ评分、多巴胺激动剂使用率显著增高(P0.05~0.01)。与无VHs组比较,VHs组患者NMS-Quest总分(除幻觉项)、消化道症状、近记忆/注意力减退、睡眠障碍得分显著升高(均P0.01),MoCA总分、注意力、抽象思维和定向力评分及PDSS量表评分显著降低(P0.05~0.01)。两组间HAMD及HAMA评分差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。Logistic回归分析发现,病程(OR=1.081,95%CI:1.017~1.148,P=0.012)、使用多巴胺激动剂(OR=1.894,95%CI:1.031~3.482,P=0.040)、近记忆/注意力减退(OR=1.582,95%CI:1.148~2.179,P=0.005)、睡眠障碍(OR=1.388,95%CI:1.111~1.735,P=0.004)是VHs的危险因素;抽象思维(OR=0.620,95%CI:0.391~0.985,P=0.043)、定向力(OR=0.421,95%CI:0.181~0.977,P=0.044)是VHs的保护性因素。结论 VHs是PD患者常见的一种非运动性症状,其发生与PD病程、使用多巴胺受体激动剂、睡眠质量以及认知功能密切相关。     

帕金森病伴视幻觉的影像学研究进展

视幻觉是帕金森病精神病性障碍最常见的一种类型,目前关于帕金森病伴视幻觉的发病 机制尚未明确,临床治疗困难。近年来针对帕金森病伴视幻觉的影像学研究取得了许多成果,现就相 关研究进展作一综述,以期为其发病机制的阐明及治疗药物的研发提供新的视角     

帕金森病的相关因素

帕金森病(PD)是一常见于中老年人的神经系统变性疾病,病因尚未明了。了解PD的相关因素对于疾病的预防及探索病因学上的治疗有着十分重要的意义。本文从社会人口学、遗传、环境、个人生活及精神等诸因素与PD病因学的关系的研究近况进行了综述。     

帕金森病患者便秘相关因素分析

目的 探讨PD患者便秘的相关因素.方法 选取PD患者212例,采用便秘量表评定PD患者的便秘程度,详细记录患者的年龄、病程、用药情况,并进行UPDRSⅢ评分、Hoehn-Yahr分期、汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分、中文版简易智能精神状态检查量表(MMSE)评分,将各项因素与便秘进行偏相关分析,并利用二分类Logistic回归分析筛选PD患者合并便秘的危险因素.结果 212例PD患者的年龄、Hoehn-Yahr分期、HAMD总分与便秘有显著的相关关系(P＜0.05),是便秘的危险因素,而性别、病程、盐酸苯海索每日剂量、吡呗地尔每日剂量、左旋多巴每日剂量、UPDRSⅢ评分、MMSE总分与便秘无显著的相关关系(P＞0.05).结论 PD患者便秘与年龄、Hoehn-Yahr分期、HAMD总分有关.     

帕金森病患者认知功能障碍及其相关因素分析

帕金森病 (Ｐａｒｋｉｎｓｏｎｄｉｓｅａｓｅ,ＰＤ)是多见于中老年人的慢性神经系统变性疾病 ,它不仅有严重的运动功能障碍 ,认知功能障碍也很突出。而其认知功能障碍与哪些因素有关 ,仍然是需要研究的问题。我们对 40例ＰＤ患者认知功能进行测查 ,并与病程 ,运动功能障碍 ,受教育年限等因素进行相关性分析。资料 :　随机选择ＰＤ患者 40例 ,男 2 1例 ,女 19例 ,年龄 42～ 71岁 ,平均年龄 (6 0± 6 )岁 ,病程平均 4± 3年 ,平均受教育年限 8± 5年 ,全部患者均经头颅ＣＴ或ＭＲＩ检查 ,除有老年性脑改变外 ,未见特殊异常 ,临床上排除脑血管…     

帕金森病患者睡眠障碍相关因素分析及护理

帕金森病是一种以静止性震颤、肌强直、姿势步态异常、运动迟缓等为临床表现的神经系统变性疾病［1］。相关文献报道,帕金森病患者常存在多种睡眠结构紊乱,发生率可高达98％［2］。我院于2012-01-2014-01对帕金森病患者的睡眠障碍及影响因素进行调查分析,现报告如下。     

帕金森病伴发认知功能障碍的相关因素分析

目的 探讨认知功能障碍在帕金森病中（Parkinson＇s disease,PD）的发生率及其影响因素.方法 对确诊的PD患者采用蒙特利尔认知评价量表（Montreal Cognitive Assessment MOCA中文版）、汉密尔顿抑郁量表（Hamilt depression scale,HAMD）及Webster功能评分量表进行评定分析PD伴发认知功能障碍的发生情况和相关影响因素.结果 PD伴发认知功能障碍者50例,认知功能障碍的发生率为76.9%,病程、文化程度、Webster评分、HAMD评分与帕金森病伴发认知功能障碍的发生均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,年龄、性别、婚姻状况、经济情况与帕金森伴发认知功能障碍的发生均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.回归分析发现病程和PD病情严重程度是PD患者伴发认知功能障碍的危险因素.结论 PD患者有较高认知功能障碍的发生率,PD伴发认知功能障碍的发生可能与PD患者的病程、文化程度、PD患者病情的严重程度及抑郁有关.     

具有认知减退主诉的帕金森病患者的认知、临床特征及相关因素分析

目的 探讨具有认知减退主诉帕金森病(PD)患者的认知、临床特征及其相关因素。方法 收集2020年1月至2021年12月期间在解放军总医院神经内科PD门诊就诊的具有认知减退主诉的PD患者129例,依据MMSE得分,分为认知正常组(74例)和认知损害组(55例)。采用自设调查表采集患者人口学信息、疾病相关信息及生活方式,所有患者均进行39项PD生活质量问卷、国际PD和运动障碍协会修订版统一PD评定量表(MDS-UPDRS)、改良Hoehn-Yahr分级、汉密尔顿焦虑量表、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、PD睡眠量表-2的测评。采用二元Logistic回归分析对PD患者认知功能损害的相关因素进行探讨。结果 本组PD患者中认知功能损害者占42.6%(55/74)。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,受教育时间、运动锻炼、社交活动是PD患者认知功能损害的保护因素,而高HAMD评分、睡眠障碍、高UPDRS-Ⅲ评分是PD患者认知功能损害的独立危险因素(均P<0.05)。结论 受教育时间、运动锻炼、社交活动是PD患者认知功能损害的保护因素,而睡眠障碍、抑郁、高UPDRS-Ⅲ评分是PD患者认知功能...     

帕金森病不同亚型睡眠质量及相关影响因素分析

目的分析帕金森病不同亚型睡眠质量及相关影响因素。方法 2009-01—2013-03于我院住院治疗的原发性帕金森病患者83例,根据临床表现不同分为强直少动组47例,震颤组36例,分析震颤型帕金森病患者与强直少动型帕金森病患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、MMSE评分、HAMDS评分、每日左旋多巴的使用剂量、睡眠量表评分及帕金森病患者合并睡眠障碍的危险因素。结果强直少动型帕金森病患者UPDRSⅢ总分、HAMDS评分及每日使用左旋多巴剂量均显著高于震颤型帕金森病患者,而MMSE评分低于震颤型帕金森病患者(P0.05);震颤型帕金森病患者与强直少动型帕金森病患者的PDSS-1、PDSS-2、PDSS-3、PDSS-8以及PDSS-12差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而其他评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05);强直少动型帕金森病患者睡眠功能障碍与抑郁评分、UPDRSⅢ以及每日使用左旋多巴剂量相关,而与H-Y分期、MMSE评分无关;震颤型帕金森病患者睡眠功能障碍只与H-Y分期和MMSE评分相关。结论睡眠障碍严重程度与帕金森病临床亚型相关,强直少动型帕金森病患者睡眠障碍较震颤型帕金森病患者更严重。     

不同疾病中视幻觉临床特点的比较及管理

视幻觉是缺乏视觉刺激而自发出现的虚幻视觉,常见于眼部疾病和神经精神疾病.视幻觉对于疾病诊断具有重要作用,并会影响疾病进程.目前认为在不同疾病中的视幻觉具有不同的特点,但其机制可能相同.本综述对视幻觉在4种主要疾病中的患病率、临床特点和机制进行比较,并对视幻觉的管理提出建议.     

Visual hallucinations in Parkinson's disease: Theoretical models

One of the most challenging tasks in neuroscience is to be able to meaningfully connect information across the different levels of investigation, from molecular or structural biology to the resulting behavior and cognition. Visual hallucinations are a frequent occurrence in Parkinson's disease and significantly contribute to the burden of the disease. Because of the widespread pathological processes implicated in visual hallucinations in Parkinson's disease, a final common mechanism that explains their manifestation will require an integrative approach, in which consideration is taken across all complementary levels of analysis. This review considers the leading hypothetical frameworks for visual hallucinations in Parkinson's disease, summarizing the key aspects of each in an attempt to highlight the aspects of the condition that such a unifying hypothesis must explain. These competing hypotheses include implications of dream imagery intrusion, deficits in reality monitoring, and impairments in visual perception and attention. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society     

Visual symptoms in Parkinson's disease and Parkinson's disease dementia

Visual symptoms are common in PD and PD dementia and include difficulty reading, double vision, illusions, feelings of presence and passage, and complex visual hallucinations. Despite the established prognostic implications of complex visual hallucinations, the interaction between cognitive decline, visual impairment, and other visual symptoms remains poorly understood. Our aim was to characterize the spectrum of visual symptomatology in PD and examine clinical predictors for their occurrence. Sixty-four subjects with PD, 26 with PD dementia, and 32 age-matched controls were assessed for visual symptoms, cognitive impairment, and ocular pathology. Complex visual hallucinations were common in PD (17%) and PD dementia (89%). Dementia subjects reported illusions (65%) and presence (62%) more frequently than PD or control subjects, but the frequency of passage hallucinations in PD and PD dementia groups was equivalent (48% versus 69%, respectively; P = 0.102). Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity was impaired in parkinsonian subjects, with disease severity and age emerging as the key predictors. Regression analysis identified a variety of factors independently predictive of complex visual hallucinations (e.g., dementia, visual acuity, and depression), illusions (e.g., excessive daytime somnolence and disease severity), and presence (e.g., rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and excessive daytime somnolence). Our results demonstrate that different "hallucinatory" experiences in PD do not necessarily share common disease predictors and may, therefore, be driven by different pathophysiological mechanisms. If confirmed, such a finding will have important implications for future studies of visual symptoms and cognitive decline in PD and PD dementia.     

帕金森病危险因素的临床分析

目的研究帕金森病（PD）发病的危险因素。方法对120例PD患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,进行Logistic回归分析,筛选PD发病的相关危险因素。结果单因素分析结果显示,饮酒、吸烟、饮茶、脑力劳动、杀虫剂接触史与PD发病有关,而PD发病与文化程度、高血压病史、2型糖尿病、阳性家族史等无显著相关性（P〉0．05）;多因素Logistic回归法分析表明,无饮茶史、有杀虫剂接触史和无吸烟史是PD发病的危险因素。结论无饮茶史、有杀虫剂接触史和无吸烟史是PD发病的危险因素,对这些危险因素加以重点评估和合理控制,可能预防PD的发生。     

Visual object recognition and attention in Parkinson's disease patients with visual hallucinations

Visual hallucinations (VH) are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and are hypothesized to be due to impaired visual perception and attention deficits. We investigated whether PD patients with VH showed attention deficits, a more specific impairment of higher order visual perception, or both. Forty‐two volunteers participated in this study, including 14 PD patients with VH, 14 PD patients without VH and 14 healthy controls (HC), matched for age, gender, education level and for level of executive function. We created movies with images of animals, people, and objects dynamically appearing out of random noise. Time until recognition of the image was recorded. Sustained attention was tested using the Test of Attentional Performance. PD patients with VH recognized all images but were significantly slower in image recognition than both PD patients without VH and HC. PD patients with VH showed decreased sustained attention compared to PD patients without VH who again performed worse than HC. In conclusion, the recognition of objects is intact in PD patients with VH; however, these patients where significantly slower in image recognition than patients without VH and HC, which was not explained by executive dysfunction. Both image recognition speed and sustained attention decline in PD, in a more progressive way if VH start to occur. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society     

普拉克索治疗帕金森病伴抑郁的临床疗效观察

目的：评价普拉克索治疗帕金森病（PD）伴抑郁的临床疗效。方法：采用随机对照研究,将68例PD伴抑郁患者随机分为对照组、帕罗西汀组和普拉克索组。冶疗12周后评价其疗效,评价指标包括Hamilton抑郁量表（HAM—D）、Zung抑郁自评量表和统一帕金森病评分量表（UPDRS）,观察各量表评分相对于基线值的变化情况。结果：普拉克索组HAM—D和Zung总评分第4周时与基线值相比已有下降趋势,而在第8周时与对照组相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,其作用与帕罗西汀组相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,而UPDRS评分均差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结果：普拉克索具有抗抑郁作用,可能在治疗后4～8周时开始发挥比较明显的抗抑郁作用,治疗8周时其抗抑郁作用强度似平接近于帕罗西汀,抗抑郁作用可能小依赖于其对于运动症状的改善。     

同型半胱氨酸在帕金森病患者血浆中的变化及临床意义

目的对比研究同型半胱氨酸(homocystein,Hcy)在帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease,PD)和脑梗死患者血浆中的变化,探讨其临床意义。方法检测PD、脑梗死患者及对照组血浆Hcy水平,检测PD、脑梗死患者及对照组血浆叶酸和维生素B_(12)水平。对PD患者血浆Hcy水平与叶酸及维生素B_(12)水平进行相关性分析,对血浆Hcy水平与PD严重程度、病程、临床类型、情绪、认知功能及是否服用美多芭进行相关性分析。结果 (1)PD组、脑梗死组及对照组血浆Hcy水平分别为20±11μmol/L、16±7μmol/L及11±2μmol/L,PD组和脑梗死组血浆Hcy水平均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05或0.01),PD组血浆Hcy水平明显高于脑梗死组(P0.01);(2)PD组血浆叶酸和维生素B_(12)水平分别为6±5μg/L和514±345ng/L。PD组血浆叶酸和Hcy水平呈明显负相关(r=-0.453,P0.01);血浆维生素B_(12)和Hcy水平无明显相关性(r=-0.268,P0.05)。(3)按照Hoehn-Yahr分期对PD严重程度进行分组,轻、中、重度PD组血浆Hcy水平分别为16±8μmol/L、21±9μmol/L和35±3μmol/L,三组之间差异有统计学意义(P0.05);(4)血浆Hcy水平与病程、临床类型、情绪、认知功能及是否服用美多芭无关。结论 PD组和脑梗死组血浆Hcy水平明显增高,PD组Hcy水平与疾病严重程度密切相关,PD组血浆叶酸和Hcy水平呈明显负相关。     

帕金森病认知功能损害

帕金森病（Parkinson’s disease,PD）认知功能损害近年来受到人们的关注,PD认知损害严重影响患者的日常生活能力,早期诊断和干预PD认知损害将有助于延缓PD痴呆的发生。本文就PD认知功能损害的发生率、诊断标准及治疗等方面进行简要综述。     

Visual hallucinations in dementia and Parkinson's disease: A qualitative exploration of patient and caregiver experiences

Objectives

Visual hallucinations (VHs) can occur in several clinical conditions, of which the dementias, broadly defined, and Parkinson's disease rank among the most common. There is limited research on the lived experience of hallucinations among affected individuals and therefore a lack of evidence‐based management strategies. This study used qualitative methods to explore the VH experience of individuals with dementia or Parkinson's disease and their informal caregivers.

Methods

In‐depth interviews were conducted with 10 individuals with VHs and dementia and 11 informal caregivers, and 11 individuals with VHs and Parkinson's disease and 9 informal caregivers. Interviews were analysed using an inductive thematic approach.

Results

Three themes emerged from the data: “Insight and distress,” “Caregiver approach: challenging v reassurance,” and “Normality and stigma.” Insight appeared to affect whether hallucinations were perceived as threatening and whether acceptance occurred over time. Emotional reactions and management strategies varied as insight changed with disease progression. Concerns around stigmatisation negatively influenced help‐seeking and acceptance of the hallucinations.

Conclusions

Degree of insight and cognitive ability appear fundamental to the lived experience of hallucinations. Irrespective of the clinical context, support in early stages should focus on raising awareness of VH, symptom disclosure, stigma reduction, and contact with others affected. In later stages, the focus shifts to informal caregiver needs and a flexible approach to reassuring those affected.     

帕金森病的功能磁共振成像研究进展

帕金森病（PD）的主要病理改变是黑质多巴胺能神经元变性坏死并引起多巴胺递质减少,通过神经环路可引起包括脑皮质在内广泛的功能及结构改变.功能磁共振成像（fMRI）作为一项功能影像技术能灵敏地检测出这些变化,进而有可能为PD早期诊断提供依据.本文就PD的fMRI研究进展进行综述.     

新发帕金森病的急性多巴反应性评价

目的：建立急性左旋多巴负荷试验用于鉴别新发帕金森病（PD）与新发帕金森综合征（PDS）患者,并筛选评价指标的临界值。方法：选择89例有PD样表现但未服用过左旋多巴的患者,根据临床诊断分为PD组（n=48）和PDS组（n=41）,进行了急性左旋多巴／卡比多巴（100／25mg）试验。根据两组患者统-PD评分运动分量表（UPDRS—Ⅲ）评分的平均最大改善率进行比较,并建立受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线,以该曲线上最大Youden指数对应的运动评分最大改善率作为临界值。结果：PD组在服用左旋多巴-卡比多巴后的平均UPDRS-Ⅲ评分平均最大改善率高于PDS组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。建立的ROC曲线在鉴别PD和PDS差异具有统计学意义,ROC曲线下面积为0．827（P〈0．01）,对应上网UPDRS运动评分改善率的最佳临界值为12．45％（Youden指数0．565,敏感度80．9％,特异度75．6％）。结论：急性左旋多巴-卡比多巴试验可作为PD疗效和诊断的一种辅助参考方法。