Lumbotomy approach for upper urinary tract surgeries in adolescents: Feasibility and challenges

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess the feasibility and challenges in a lumbotomy approach for performing upper urinary tract surgeries in adolescent children.Material and methodsFifty-five adolescent children underwent various upper urinary tract surgeries from 2000 to 2012. In all patients, the kidneys and ureters were approached via a lumbotomy incision. The patients' characteristics were analysed from the hospital charts. Intraoperative and postoperative details were gathered from individual case files. Data were collected regarding: age, weight, gender, diagnosis, surgical procedure, anaesthetic details, any intraoperative problems encountered, postoperative pain, time to oral feed, length of hospitalisation and any complications.ResultsThe median age at surgery was 14 years (range 10–19). There were 42 boys and 13 girls. Median weight was 41 kg (range 28–52 kg). Surgeries performed were pyeloplasty, pyelolithotomy, nephroureterectomy and heminephrectomy. Mean duration of surgery was 80 min (range 60–130 min) with no special anaesthetic requirements. No intraoperative problems were encountered. In all patients, postoperative stay was uneventful with minimal analgesic requirements and oral feeding was started the very next day. There were no incision-related complications.ConclusionsA lumbotomy incision is technically easy and safe, even in adolescent children, as an approach for upper urinary-tract surgeries.     

Surgical correction of pelviureteric junction obstruction in childhood – dorsal lumbotomy approach and selective internal ureteric stenting

Ninety-four children (average age 3.6 years) underwent surgery for pelviureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction between 1994 and 1999. There were 96 operations: 94 dismemberment pyeloplasties (2 bilateral) and 2 ureterocalycostomies. The surgical approach in all cases was by a dorsal lumbotomy incision. Internal ureteric stenting was employed selectively for solitary kidneys, inflamed renal pelves, long strictures, and ureterocalycostomies. The average operative time was 57 min and the average postoperative stay in hospital was 2.5 days. Of the 94 patients, 93 had a good outcome. Of the 78 pyeloplasties that were unstented, 7 (9%) required stenting in the early postoperative period for urinary leak or obstruction. There were no wound-related complications. PUJ surgery via a dorsal lumbotomy approach with selective internal ureteric stenting is recommended as a safe and effective approach to PUJ obstruction in childhood. Accepted: 1 May 2000     

Dorsal lumbotomy incision for pediatric pyeloplasty – a good alternative

This study reviews the value and benefits of the dorsal lumbotomy incision (DL) for exposure of the pelviureteric junction (PUJ) in infantile and paediatric pyeloplasty. Ninety-one children underwent pyeloplasty for confirmed PUJ obstruction between January 1993 and December 1997. The conventional loin incision (CL) (n = 60) was used as the standard, to which DL (n = 31) was compared. Information on the duration of surgery, length of hospital stay, length of time to return to full oral intake, and complications was obtained retrospectively from the hospital chart. The results were analysed using a non-parametrical statistical analysis. Follow-up was between 6 months and 5 years (median 2.4 years). The median age at surgery was 1.5 years (1 month–14 years). The median operating time was similar in both groups (95 min). The median length of stay was 3 days for the DL group compared to 7 days for the CL group (P < 0.001). The length of hospital stay had no correlation to the patient's age at surgery or the type of postoperative analgesia used. The median time to return to full oral intake and unrestricted activity in the DL group was 43 h compared to 83 h for the CL group (P < 0.001). The surgeons found that there was better exposure of the PUJ in infants in the DL group compared to the DL incision. There were no operative complications related to the DL itself. At the time of last follow-up 3 children required re-operation for a failed pyeloplasty, 2 in the DL group. The results suggest that DL is a safe and reasonable alternative to CL in paediatric pyeloplasty and probably the incision of choice in infantile pyeloplasty. Accepted: 1 March 1999     

微创开放切口肾切除术治疗儿童多房性肾囊性变

目的总结微创开放切口肾切除术治疗小儿多房性肾囊性变(MCDK)的初步经验。方法回顾性分析2008年5月-2010年10月本院连续开展的微创开放切口肾切除术治疗小儿MCDK 15例的临床资料。患儿均为单侧MCDK,均经CT、放射性核素显像和超声检查确诊。对侧功能肾脏未发现异常。男12例,女3例;右侧5例,左侧10例。手术均经腹膜后间隙完成。取腰肋部开放切口,长度1.5～2.0 cm(平均1.7 cm)。手术时年龄3个月～5.6岁(平均2.4岁)。手术时间30～45 min(平均34.6 min)。所有手术术中估计出血量<5 mL。术后静脉予抗生素预防感染2～4 d。结果本组手术均成功。患儿术后住院2～4 d(平均2.8d)。全部患儿术后随访未发现术后并发症。结论微创开放切口肾切除术治疗儿童MCDK可以达到通过开放切口实现微创治疗的目的。本方法手术时间短,美容效果好,术后住院时间短,且安全、有效,容易开展。     

Single-centre experience of genitourinary complications of epidermolysis bullosa

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a heterogeneous skin disorder that is sometimes associated with genitourinary involvement. We report our experience with the urological problems seen in these patients. Dermatology and nephro-urology databases were used to identify EB patients with urological problems, between 1980 and 2004. In total, five patients, all male, were identified, and the hospital records were reviewed. Genitourinary complications of EB present difficult challenges. The disorder can lead to urothelial blistering and strictures that can result in obstruction throughout the urinary tract. In addition, urethral instrumentation and surgical reconstruction in patients with EB has a high complication rate and should be avoided whenever possible.     

Pediatric kidney transplantation is safe and available for patients with urological anomalies as well as those with primary renal diseases

The aim of the current study was to evaluate long-term outcomes of pediatric live kidney transplantation in patients with genitourinary anomalies relative to those with primary kidney diseases. The study included 35 pediatric patients who received a live kidney transplantation during the last 25 yr (28 males, six females). Median age at the time of transplantation was nine yr (range 1-15 yr), and the median follow-up period was 151 months (range 6-239 month). The patients were divided into two groups. The urological group (n = 14) included patients with primary obstructive/reflux nephropathy. The renal group (n = 20) included patients with primary renal disorders. Differences between groups in graft survival, clinical course, and final graft function were evaluated. Original diseases represented in the urological group included five cases with primary VUR and eight cases with secondary VUR. Diseases in the renal group included eight cases with bilateral hypo-dysplastic kidney, three cases with focal/segmental glomerular sclerosis, two cases with membranous proliferative glomerulonephritis, two cases with congenital nephrotic syndrome and five cases with other forms of chronic nephritis. Ten of 14 cases in the urological group, relative to six of 20 in the renal group, were preemptive. Median age at transplantation was 7.5 or 10 yr old, respectively, in the urological or renal group. Twelve kidney recipients in the urological group had also undergone other urinary surgeries, including upper urinary tract drainage, ureteroneocystostomy, augmentation cystoplasty, endoscopic incision of posterior-urethral valve, urethroplasty, etc. Cumulative post-operative complications occurred in nine or 16, respectively, in the urological or renal group. The acute rejection free and overall graft survival were similar in both groups. One patient in the urological group lost his graft while six patients in the renal group lost their grafts. Thus, the post-transplant clinical outcome of pediatric transplantation in patients with urological anomalies is comparable to that of recipients with primary renal disease. Appropriate urinary tract reconstruction and management is essential to reduce the risk of graft dysfunction because of urinary problems.     

68例微创切口小儿心内直视手术经验

目的 报告一组小儿先天性心脏病采用微创切口手术治疗的经验。方法 全组68例病儿中继发孔房间隔缺损(ASD)31例，室间隔缺损(VSD)32例，右室双腔心(DCRV)2例，肺动脉狭窄(PS)3例。右前外侧小切口不停跳、不阻断主动脉心内直视手术29例，胸部正中小切口39例。结果 除1例因术中显露差改作常规切口，全组68例无手术死亡，无严重并发症。病儿术后恢复快，平均住院时间8天。结论 微创切口小儿心内直视手术创伤小、美观、痛苦少、恢复快、住院时间短、安全有效，尤其适应于继发孔房缺及膜部或膜周室缺修补手术。     

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in the paediatric population

Objective: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is now widely practised in adults but there are few publications on its application in the paediatric population.
Methodology: Retrospective review of the authors' experience with VATS in children under 16 years old during an 18 month period in a university teaching hospital.
Results: From September 1993 to March 1994, VATS was attempted in 14 patients. Five were unsuccessful because of pleural symphysis or inability to collapse the upper lung. Ten cases of VATS were successfully performed in the remaining nine patients (eight males, one female; age range from 22 days to 15 years old). These included two drainages and limited decortications for loculated pleural effusion, one guided drainage of pericardial effusion, one thymectomy for thymic hyperplasia, three wedge resections for metastatic pulmonary osteosarcoma and three bleb excisions and pleurodesis for primary spontaneous pneumothoraces. There were no intra-operative complications. There was one death from dysrhythmia following an uneventful wedge resection. The mean duration of chest tube drainage was 1.4 days and postoperative hospital stay 2.6 days excluding two patients who stayed for further medical treatment.
Conclusion: VATS is a useful approach in selected cases but further development of this approach awaits refinement of anaesthetic technique and endoscopic instrumentation.     

Should cholecystectomy be performed concomitantly with splenectomy in children with sickle-cell disease?

Splenectomy and cholecystectomy are among the common surgical procedures required to treat complications of sickle-cell disease (SCD), and when performed separately have been shown to be safe and effective. To determine whether cholecystectomy be performed concomitantly with splenectomy (CSC) in these children, we studied a total of 130 children who underwent splenectomy for various hematologic diseases at our hospital. The most common indication was SCD. Ninety-nine patients (86 SCD and 13 sickle-B-thalassemia) underwent splenectomy and 19 (19.2%) (12 males and 7 females, mean age 13.4 years [7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]) underwent CSC due to concomitant gallstones, which were asymptomatic in 13 cases. Those with an admission hemoglobin (Hb) of less than 10 g/dl were transfused with packed erythrocytes to increase their Hb to 10-12 g/dl and their hematocrit to 30%-40%. All patients received intravenous hydration the night before surgery at a rate of 1(1/2) times their maintenance rate, which was continued postoperatively until they were able to tolerate adequate oral fluid intake. The indications for splenectomy in those who had CSC were: acute splenic sequestration crisis in 12, splenic abscess in 3, hypersplenism in 2, and massive splenic infarction in 2. Eight patients had massive splenomegaly (spleen weight >1 kg). In 7 cases CSC was done through a left-upper-quadrant (LUQ) transverse incision, in the remaining 12 through an upper midline incision. There was no mortality and only 2 patients developed postoperative complications; a wound infection in 1 and a hematoma in the splenic bed in another. With good perioperative management, CSC is both safe and effective for children with SCD. Both procedures can be performed safely through an upper midline or a LUQ transverse incision, even in the presence of massive splenomegaly.     

Oral ciprofloxacin vs. intravenous ceftriaxone administered in an outpatient setting for fever and neutropenia in low-risk pediatric oncology patients: randomized prospective trial

BACKGROUND: Infections are one of the major complications in children undergoing chemotherapy. Monotherapy with either ciprofloxacin or ceftriaxone is safe and efficient in low-risk patients (solid tumors and stage I/II lymphomas). The same drugs may be used in an outpatient setting, decreasing costs and the risk of nosocomial infections. PROCEDURE: Low-risk patients (N = 70) with episodes of fever and neutropenia (N = 116) were randomized to receive either oral ciprofloxacin or intravenous ceftriaxone as outpatients. Only one patient had a central venous catheter. RESULTS: Episodes of fever and neutropenia were classified as fever of unknown origin (41% vs. 32%) or clinically documented infection (56% vs. 63%) in the ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone groups, respectively. Most of these infections were of upper respiratory tract, skin, or gastrointestinal origin. The mean duration of neutropenia was 5 vs. 6 days. Fever persisted for 1-9 days (mean 2 vs. 3 days). Therapy was successful with no modifications in 83% vs. 75% of the episodes. Patients were admitted in 7% vs. 4% of the episodes. No bone or joint side effects were seen in either group. All patients survived. CONCLUSIONS: Outpatient therapy with either oral ciprofloxacin or intravenous ceftriaxone for fever and neutropenia is effective and safe in pediatric patients with solid tumors and stage I/II non-Hodgkin lymphoma (low-risk patients).     

Subcostal muscle-split incision in paediatric urology

The subcostal muscle-split incision (SMSI) has been used in 108 consecutive operations for benign upper urinary tract disease. No wound-related complications have occurred. No conversion to other wounds has been required. The benefits of SMSI are described. Accepted: 14 June 1998     

Cutaneous vesicostomy revisited--the second 15 years.

The aim of this paper was to review the authors' experience with cutaneous vesicostomy (CV) over the last 15 years including indications, results, and complications of CV. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The records of 31 patients treated by CV between 1987 and 2002 were reviewed. There were 20 boys and 11 girls. The two main primary pathologies were neuropathic bladder (19 patients) and posterior urethral valve (PUV) (7 patients). All patients underwent a Blocksom-type operation at a mean age of 23 months (range 14 days-9 years). Pre- and postoperative conventional uromanometry was performed in 18 patients (58%) and bladder function was assessed. RESULTS: In 23 patients (74%) the CV provided a successful diversion with improvement of the upper urinary tract and/or stabilization of the renal function. In 5 patients (16%) with PUV, the improvement was temporary. In 3 patients (10%) the CV did not result in an improvement. Twenty-four patients underwent CV closure after a mean duration of 23 months (range, 1 month-7 years) of diversion. In 2 patients with myelomeningocele (MMC) and severe somato-mental developmental delay, CV was not closed and is being considered as a permanent treatment option. Urodynamic studies in 5 PUV patients showed impaired compliance and high intravesical pressure following a successful valve ablation and closure of CV. In the neuropathic bladder group the bladder function improved following closure of CV and commencement of anticholinergic medication and clean intermittent catheterization (CIC). Our augmentation ratio in the neuropathic bladder group was 22%. Complications of CV included: stenosis in 7 patients (22%), prolapse in 2 (6%), and cellulitis in 2 (6%). The revision rate was 16%. CONCLUSIONS: In young infants CV had a less favourable result in the PUV patients than in cases with high-pressure neuropathic bladder with upper tract dilatation and severe urinary tract infection (UTI), where CV provided decompression and prevented deterioration of the renal function. Cutaneous vesicostomy has stood the test of time in our changing paediatric urological practice and it remains a valuable weapon in the armoury of paediatric urologists in selected patients.     

气膀胱腹腔镜在儿童下尿路多发磁珠异物中的应用

目的探讨气膀胱腹腔镜治疗儿童下尿路多发磁珠异物的疗效。方法2019年1~11月对武汉儿童医院泌尿外科就诊的3例下尿路磁珠异物患儿施行下腹部三通道气膀胱腹腔镜下异物取出术。对取出磁珠数量、有无磁珠残留、手术时间、手术出血量、术后是否有尿外渗及直肠损伤、术后疼痛评分、术后住院时间、手术切口家长满意度等指标进行分析。结果3例患儿均顺利完成手术,分别取出31颗、52颗、38颗磁珠,并且均无磁珠残留,平均手术时间60 min,平均出血量4 ml,术后4 h平均疼痛评分4.2分,术后12 h平均疼痛评分1.6分,术后平均住院日5.5 d,均未出现尿外渗、直肠损伤等并发症。术后门诊随访1~6个月,3例患儿均无血尿、泌尿道感染及膀胱憩室等并发症,伤口美观无瘢痕。结论气膀胱腹腔镜手术治疗儿童下尿路磁珠异物损伤小,操作简便,效果好,值得临床推广应用。     

尿道板双侧旁正中纵切卷管尿道成形术

目的 总结尿道板双侧旁正中纵切卷管尿道成形术治疗尿道下裂的经验.方法 2008年6月至2009年5月应用尿道板双侧旁正中纵切卷管尿道成形术治疗尿道下裂31例,其中阴茎体型28例,阴茎阴囊型3例.本组平均年龄2.7岁(1.6～5.2岁),平均手术时间91.6 min(80～105 min).结果 本组病例均在术后随访超过3个月,外观满意,多数病例形似包皮环切术后阴茎外观.尿道外口位于龟头尿道沟正位,裂隙状.术后尿道瘘3例,发生率为9.7%;尿道口狭窄2例,发生率为6.5%,均在尿道扩张后缓解;没有发生尿道狭窄.结论 尿道板双侧旁正中纵切卷管尿道成形术治疗尿道下裂效果满意,术后并发症发生率较低.且容易开展.     

Pediatric open partial nephrectomy: analysis of contemporary outcomes with a supracostal-12 approach

ObjectiveReports in the literature increasingly have demonstrated a shorter length of stay (LOS) with the laparoscopic approach to partial nephrectomy compared to historic open partial nephrectomy. We present data from the largest open series to date, to provide a more contemporary perspective.MethodsA retrospective review was performed on all pediatric patients who underwent upper pole partial nephrectomy from 1999 to 2011. Using univariate and multivariate linear regression, the associations between multiple explanatory covariates and outcomes such as pain and length of stay were analyzed.ResultsTwenty-five surgeries were performed via a supracostal-12 approach. The mean incision length and operative time was 3.7 cm and 137 min, respectively. The average pain score was 1.7/10 and 72% of patients did not require morphine. The mean LOS was 36 h and all patients with postoperative imaging had normal blood flow. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that a later date of surgery was the only covariate significantly associated with decreased operative time and LOS.ConclusionOpen partial nephrectomy can be performed in a minimally invasive manner via a small supracostal-12 incision with minimal pain and LOS. Surgeon experience is associated with decreased operative time and LOS. These contemporary open results should be considered when comparisons are made with laparoscopic surgery.     

小儿外科病房医院感染的危险因素调查

目的 探讨小儿外科住院患儿医院感染的危险因素及降低感染率的措施. 方法 对本院小儿外科2012年1月1日至2012年12月31日收治的1 068例患儿的一般资料及医院感染相关因素进行分析. 结果 医院感染发生率为9.18％.医院感染部位以上呼吸道感染为主,占43.93％,手术切口感染占25.23％.病原菌以大肠埃希菌检出率最高.年龄＜3岁、伴有基础疾病、手术、住院天数＞14 d及Ⅲ类切口手术的患儿医院感染的发生率显著升高（P＜0.05）.采用多因素Logistic回归分析,发现年龄＜3岁、伴有基础疾病、手术、Ⅲ类切口手术及住院天数＞14d是医院感染的危险因素（P＜0.05）. 结论 小儿外科患儿易发生医院感染,对危险因素的有效管理,对降低医院感染具有极为重要的临床意义.     

“Open” minimally invasive surgery in pediatric urology

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) offers alternative operative approaches to standard open surgical techniques. However, MIS has been defined primarily as substituting laparoendoscopic alternatives for the traditional open surgical approach. The concept of MIS methodology may also be applied to open surgery in an effort to decrease incision size, potentially reduce morbidity and enhance convalescence, without compromising ‘gold standard’ outcomes. Pediatric urological applications of open MIS include pediatric renal surgery, ureteral reimplantation, ureteral surgery, inguinal-scrotal and genital surgery. A thorough review of the pediatric urology literature was performed and studies were identified describing open MIS, including outcomes and complications.     

单切口腹腔镜肾盂成形术治疗小儿肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻

目的 总结我院已成功开展的13例小儿单切口腹腔镜肾盂成形术,探讨单切口腹腔镜肾盂成形术治疗小儿肾积水的可行性.方法 2009年11月至2010年5月收治左侧肾积水患儿13例,男11例,女2例,平均年龄35个月(3～103个月).B超、DTPA示肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻.手术取平卧位,左侧腰部垫高.沿右侧脐环做半环形切口,Hasson法在脐部切口中间放置普通5 mm鞘管,在其两侧穿刺放置2个普通3 mm鞘管,鞘管位于同一切口内.采用30度5 mm目镜,常规3 mm操作器械.在肾盂表面打开结肠系膜.经系膜裂孔将肾盂输尿管连接处提至腹腔内.于肾盂最高点经腹壁做牵引线提起肾盂输尿管连接部,行肾盂裁剪和肾盂输尿管吻合.结果 13例手术均获得成功,无中转开放病例.无术中并发症.平均手术时间218 min(180～240 min).所有患儿均在术后第一天进食.术后负压球引流4～6 d,术后住院5～7 d.所有病例于术后6周膀胱镜下拔除双J管.术后并发症包括吻合口梗阻1例(7.7%),反复尿路感染1例(7.7%).其余患儿术后恢复良好.结论 我们的经验表明单切口腹腔镜肾盂成形术治疗小儿肾积水可取得良好的近期临床效果,但长期效果还需要进一步的随访.

Abstract：

Objective We report our experience of laparoscopic-endoscopic Single-site Surgery (LESS) for Anderson-Hynes pyeloplast. Methods Between November 2009 and April 2010,13 cases of E-NOTES pyeloplasty were performed, all on the left side. DTPA renal isotope and ultrasound confirmed the diagnosis. For LESS technique, the patients were positioned supine. An incision was made on the right circumference the umbilicus. Three conventional ports were inserted through this incision,one 5mm for camera and two 3mm for instruments. Conventional laparoscopic instruments and 30 degree camera were used for the procedures. The pelvis was approached through a mesentery opening. A traction suture was placed through abdominal wall at the rostral side of the pelvis to elevate it. Pyelotomy and anastomosis was carried out. Results All 13 procedures were successfully completed with no conversion. No intra-operative complication occurred. The mean operative time was 218min( 180-240 min).The patients could tolerate food intake on postoperative day 1. The duration of perirenal drainage was 4-6days. The hospital stay was 5-7days. Double-J was removed 6 weeks after the operation. Postoperative complications include 1 case of stenosis of anastomosis (7. 7% ) and 1 cases of urinary tract infection (7. 7%). Conclusions Based on our experience, pyeloplasty could be completed successfully by LESS in children. More data are needed to fully assess the benefit of this technique.     

Our experience with transanal endorectal pull-through in Hirschsprung's disease.

AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate the functional results, complications, the problems caused, and the outcomes of the transanal endorectal pull-through (TEPT) operation in Hirschsprung's disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The 22 patients who were operated for Hirschsprung's disease with TEPT between November 2003 and September 2006 were reviewed retrospectively. The patients were evaluated for age, gender, operational findings, duration of hospitalization and functional outcomes after the operation. RESULTS: A total of 22 patients, sixteen males (72.7 %) and 6 females (27.3 %) aged 23 days to 11 years (mean 19.3 +/- 6.9 months), were operated using TEPT over a 34-month period. The mean length of the resected aganglionic segment was 23 +/- 2.4 cm; the shortest segment was 7 cm and the longest 40 cm. The postoperative hospital stay was 3 - 10 days, oral feeding was started at 1 - 4 days, the first bowel movement was at 1 - 7 days and the number of daily movements for patients in whom the colostomy was closed was 2 - 5. The mean postoperative follow-up period was 18 +/- 2.4 months (1 - 33 months). Two patients (9 %) were hospitalized once for enterocolitis. One patient had a constipation problem that resolved with medical treatment. One patient needed colostomy for anastomosis leakage on the 5th postoperative day, followed by a redo pull-through using a posterior sagittal approach. None of the patients had a continence problem. No urethral damage was observed and there were no abscesses at the muscular cuff. We observed that mucosal dissection was more difficult in the rectal biopsy area. CONCLUSIONS: Although only recently accepted, TEPT has quickly found a place in clinical practice as it is based on an operational technique whose results are well identified and accepted and with which there is extensive experience. It seems that TEPT has the advantages of having no additional problems compared to the classical techniques with respect to complications and functional outcomes while providing better patient comfort and cosmetic outcomes. We conclude that TEPT may be preferred in appropriate cases and will evolve to become a more practical and effective technique.     

Single incisional approach for reconstruction of hypospadias and concomitant inguinal hernia

ObjectiveTo demonstrate the feasibility, cosmetic outcome and therapeutic values of our single incisional approach in patients with both hypospadias and inguinal hernia (IH) in comparison with standard multiple incisional techniques.Materials and methodsSixty hypospadias-IH repairs were performed from February 2005 to February 2012. These patients were divided into two groups according to their age and hypospadias location. They were then separated randomly into multiple incision (MIG) and single incision (SIG) groups. Early and late complications were taken into consideration. Postoperative pain, need for analgesics, operative time, hospital stay and cosmetic results were recorded for further evaluation.ResultsPatients were followed up at 6-month intervals for up to 2 years postoperatively. Early and late complication rates were approximately the same in the two groups. 73.3% of patients in MIG and 96.6% in SIG attained an excellent cosmetic result according to two external surgeons. There was no case with poor cosmetic outcome in either group. More analgesic consumption was demanded in MIG patients.ConclusionThis method of surgery is reproducible with better cosmetic outcome and a slightly shorter hospital stay. It could be a viable option in the management of children with hypospadias and concomitant IH. Negligible postoperative pain and short operative time are the other advantages.