补阳还五汤对大鼠脊髓损伤后移植神经干细胞存活、增殖与迁移的影响

目的:探讨补阳还五汤(Buyang Huanwu Decoction,BYHWD)灌胃对脊髓损伤(spinal cord injury,SCI)后移植胚胎神经干细胞(neural stem cells,NSCs)存活、增殖与迁移的影响。方法:将SD大鼠随机分为SCI组、NSCs移植组、NSCs移植联合补阳还五汤灌胃组。制作大鼠脊髓横断损伤模型,将BrdU标记NSCs细胞按浓度1×106/ml分别移植入移植组和联合组的脊髓横断处,损伤组用等量DMEM/F12完全培养基代替。术后联合组每天用BYHWD予以灌胃治疗1次,损伤组和移植组用生理盐水代替。各组在7、14、28 d后分别取材,用免疫荧光组织化学法检测移植在SCI处的NSCs存活、增殖和迁移情况。结果:损伤组未见BrdU标记阳性细胞;联合组各时间点BrdU标记阳性细胞数量均多于移植组各时间点,并有显著性统计学意义(P<0.05);联合组28 d时BrdU标记阳性细胞数量最多,与联合组7 d和14 d相比有显著性统计学意义(P<0.05);在联合组各时间点,BrdU标记阳性细胞向SCI处头尾端组织迁移的距离明显长于移植组各时间点。结论:脊髓横断损伤后,移植胚胎NSCs能够存活并增殖和迁移。补阳还五汤能够促进大鼠脊髓全横断损伤处移植的NSCs存活、增殖和迁移。     

骨髓间充质干细胞不同移植方法治疗脊髓损伤的实验研究

为探讨骨髓基质干细胞(MSCs)不同的移植方法对脊髓损伤修复的影响,我们采用静脉移植、蛛网膜下腔移植或腹腔移植荧光标记MSCs的方法检测MSCs在损伤处的分布迁移情况及运动功能恢复情况。结果显示:各种移植方法在损伤脊髓节段上、下均可检测到荧光标记的MSCs,不同移植方法在损伤脊髓内荧光标记的MSCs数量有所不同。损伤脊髓节段和非损伤脊髓节段内的细胞数量和密度也有明显差异(P<0.05)。BBB评分显示:术后第2d各组平均未超过1分者,移植后的1周内无明显差异(P>0.05);3周后,各组间差异也不大(P>0.05),但各移植组同对照组相比有明显差异(P<0.05)。以上结果提示:通过各种移植方法MSCs均可迁移到损伤脊髓节段,并在该部位存活、聚集和向损伤部位迁移,说明MSCs不同的移植方法对于治疗脊髓损伤均有一定的作用。     

不同时间点静脉移植嗅鞘细胞修复脊髓损伤

背景:嗅鞘细胞具有促进轴突再生、为受伤的宿主细胞提供营养支持以及调节炎症反应的能力,是修复脊髓损伤具有潜力的细胞。目的:探讨通过静脉移植嗅鞘细胞治疗脊髓损伤的最佳移植时间窗。方法:SPF雄性SD大鼠30只,采用脊髓半横断建立大鼠脊髓损伤模型,并随机分为5组:脊髓损伤后注射嗅鞘细胞1 d移植组、3 d移植组、7 d移植组、10 d移植组及PBS对照组。应用荧光量子点标记嗅鞘细胞;分别于1,3,7,10 d时间点通过尾静脉移植应用量子点标记的嗅鞘细胞;PBS对照组脊髓损伤后注射PBS。注射后1 d取损伤处的脊髓;应用小动物成像仪测定不同时间点转移到损伤处荧光的数值,通过荧光的强度衡量转移到损伤处细胞的量;应用嗅鞘细胞Anti-p75 NGF Receptor抗体做损伤处脊髓的免疫组织化学。实验方案经宁夏医科大学动物实验伦理委员会批准(编号:2017-073)。结果与结论:①荧光量子点可以标记嗅鞘细胞;②荧光测定结果与免疫组织化学染色结果:1,3,7,10 d时间点通过尾静脉移植的嗅鞘细胞均有细胞转移到损伤处,7 d移植的嗅鞘细胞转移到损伤处的最多;③结果说明,脊髓损伤不同时间点注射的嗅鞘细胞均可以转移到脊髓损伤处,损伤后7 d移植的嗅鞘细胞转移到损伤处的细胞数量最多,可以作为移植的最佳时间窗。     

N-cadherin对大鼠脊髓损伤后移植神经干细胞存活、增殖与迁移的影响

目的探讨神经钙黏蛋白(N-cadherin)对大鼠脊髓损伤(SCI)后移植神经干细胞(NSCs)存活、增殖与迁移的影响。方法 60只SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、移植1组和移植2组。横断T12复制SCI模型。移植1组行原代培养NSCs移植;以lentivirus病毒为载体将N-cadherin转染至原代培养NSCs再植入移植2组。BBB评分评定大鼠神经功能。术后5、10和15 d免疫荧光检测NSCs存活、增殖和迁移。结果模型组BBB评分显著低于对照组(P<0.05);各移植NSCs组BBB评分均高于模型组(P<0.05),但以移植2组评分最高(P<0.05);移植2组各时间点巢蛋白(Nestin)阳性细胞数量均显著多于移植1组(P<0.05),以15 d的数量最多(P<0.05);移植2组各时间点Nestin阳性细胞迁移距离显著长于移植1组。结论 N-cadherin可以促进NSCs的存活、增殖与迁移,以修复SCI大鼠的神经功能。     

促红细胞生成素促进脊髓损伤大鼠移植神经干细胞存活和迁移

背景：如何有效促进移植入脊髓损伤组织内的神经干细胞存活和迁移,是目前神经修复研究的重点。 目的：观察促红细胞生成素对脊髓损伤大鼠移植神经干细胞存活、增殖和迁移的影响。 方法：将60只SD大鼠随机分为3组,均制备脊髓横断损伤模型。造模7 d,神经干细胞移植组和促红细胞生成素组于脊髓损伤处移植BrdU标记的神经干细胞7 μL(1×10⁹ L^-1),脊髓损伤对照组移植DMEM/F12培养基;促红细胞生成素组腹腔内注射促红细胞生成素5 000 U/kg,1次/d,连续注射7 d,其余两组注射等量生理盐水。于细胞移植后8周取损伤脊髓组织。 结果与结论：造模2周后,神经干细胞移植组和促红细胞生成素组BBB评分明显高于脊髓损伤对照组(P < 0.05),造模4周后,促红细胞生成素组BBB评分明显高于神经干细胞移植组(P < 0.05)。免疫荧光染色显示促红细胞生成素组大鼠损伤脊髓组织BrdU阳性细胞数量及迁移距离均大于神经干细胞移植组(P < 0.05)。说明促红细胞生成素能促进损伤脊髓组织原位移植的神经干细胞的存活与迁移,加速神经功能修复。     

人脐血MSCs移植修复大鼠脊髓损伤的效果及机制的初步探讨

目的　探讨人脐血间充质干细胞（MSCs）移植修复大鼠脊髓损伤的作用及机制。 方法　分离纯化人脐血MSCs;制备大鼠脊髓半横断损伤模型,随机分为三组,分别在术后3 d经尾静脉注射生理盐水、培养液和BrdU标记的MSCs。移植后7、14、21、28 d,采用BBB评分法评估各组大鼠脊髓功能恢复情况;免疫荧光双标法检测MSCs在脊髓内的迁移、存活和分化,免疫组织化学法检测炎症因子高迁移率族蛋白B1（HMGB1）和核因子（NF-κB）在脊髓损伤部位的表达规律。 结果　移植后28 d,MSCs移植组大鼠肢体功能恢复明显,与生理盐水组和培养液组比较差别有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。移植后7、14、21d,脊髓损伤区及周边均可见大量Brdu+细胞,其中BrdU+GFAP+细胞约占53.3%,BrdU+NSE+细胞约占　22.15%。相同时间点MSCs移植组HMGB1和NF-κB的阳性表达率远低于生理盐水组和培养液组,差别有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。 结论　人脐血MSCs移植后可替代损伤的神经细胞,并可减轻脊髓损伤后的炎症反应,从而促进大鼠脊髓功能的恢复。     

移植胚鼠神经干细胞对大鼠脊髓损伤后红核神经元损伤的影响

目的研究神经干细胞(NSCs)移植对大鼠脊髓损伤(SCI)后红核神经元的作用。方法5-溴脱氧尿嘧啶核苷(BrdU)法标记处于对数生长期的NSCs,采用电控脊髓损伤打击装置制作大鼠脊髓损伤模型。实验分为3组:NSCs组、SCI组和假手术组(Sham组)。SCI后3 d进行NSCs移植,用免疫组化法观察移植细胞的存活及迁移情况,用辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)逆行示踪技术标记红核神经元,并用四甲基联苯胺(TMB)呈色反应显示红核脊髓束神经元的存活情况,用行为学(BBB)评分法观察大鼠瘫痪肢体的恢复情况。结果在损伤脊髓区域可检测到BrdU标记的阳性NSCs,中脑HRP标记红核神经元数目明显多于SCI组(P<0.01),BBB评分亦明显高于SCI组(P<0.01)。结论体外培养的胚胎大鼠NSCs在移植到脊髓损伤区域后可存活和迁移,对SCI后中脑红核神经元具有保护作用,从而促进了大鼠肢体功能的恢复。     

督脉电针对移植在大鼠脊髓全横断损伤处的神经干细胞存活分化和迁移的影响

目的探讨督脉电针对脊髓全横断损伤处移植的神经干细胞存活、分化和迁移的影响。方法将20只成年SD大鼠分为神经干细胞移植14d组（NSCs14d组）、督脉电针＋神经干细胞移植14d组（电针NSCs14d组）、神经干细胞移植30d组（NSCs30d组）和督脉电针＋神经干细胞移植30d组（电针NSCs30d组）4组。所有动物均实施T10段脊髓全横断手术,其中电针组和电针NSCs组于术后5d进行电针治疗。分别于术后14d和30d取材检测移植在脊髓损伤处的神经干细胞存活、分化和迁移情况。结果1．电针NSCs14d组或电针NSCs30d组移植的神经干细胞存活数量均多于NSCs14d组或NSCs30d组,但是电针NSCs30d组或NSCs30d组移植的神经干细胞存活数量均少于电针NSCs14d组或NSCs14d组。2．电针NSCs30d组和NSCs30d组的脊髓全横断损伤处及其相邻的组织均有少量移植的神经干细胞呈现微管相关蛋白2（MAP2）阳性染色。3．电针NSCs30d组和NSCs30d组的脊髓全横断损伤处及其相邻的组织均可观察到较多移植的神经干细胞呈现胶质原纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）阳性染色。4．在电针NSCs14d组或电针NSCs30d组,移植的神经干细胞向脊髓损伤处尾端组织迁移的距离明显长于NSCs14d组或NSCs30d组。结论督脉电针能够促进大鼠脊髓全横断损伤处移植的神经干细胞存活,这些细胞能分化为MAP2或GFAP阳性细胞;督脉电针对移植在脊髓损伤处的神经干细胞向宿主脊髓组织迁移方向有一定的影响。     

大鼠羊膜上皮细胞移植对损伤脊髓生长相关蛋白43表达的影响

目的:探讨羊膜上皮细胞(AECs)移植对大鼠损伤脊髓生长相关蛋白43(GAP-43)表达和神经功能恢复的影响.方法: 取E12d～14d的SD大鼠AECs体外培养;改良-Allen撞击法制备大鼠脊髓损伤(SCI)模型,并随机分成假手术组、SCI+生理盐水对照组和SCI+AECs移植组;分别于术后第1、3、7、14和28天通过BBB 神经行为学评分法对神经功能进行评估,观察其恢复状况,并采用免疫组织化学和免疫印迹法检测脊髓组织GAP-43表达的变化.结果: GAP-43的表达于脊髓损伤后第7天显著增加,AECs移植后损伤脊髓中的GAP-43持续高表达至第28天,而盐水对照组的表达于术后14d左右逐渐恢复至正常水平.与盐水对照组相比较,AECs移植后2～4周脊髓损伤大鼠的后肢运动功能得到一定的改善.结论: AECs移植后可使损伤大鼠脊髓GAP-43的表达增高,并在一定程度上促进了大鼠后肢运动功能的恢复.     

静脉注射骨髓间充质干细胞可抑制大鼠损伤脊髓水通道蛋白-4的表达

目的:探讨骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)对大鼠损伤脊髓AQP-4表达的调节作用.方法:体外分离、培养、纯化MSCS,应用流式细胞术检测MSCs表面细胞标志CD34,CD45、CD29、CD90.根据改良Allen法制备大鼠脊髓损伤模型.SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、对照组和实验组,假手术组和实验组经尾静脉注射MSCs,对照组经尾静脉注射PBS.损伤注射MSCs后1、3、7 d,应用免疫组织化学和图像分析技术检测脊髓组织水通道蛋白-4(AQP-4)的表达.结果:对照组大鼠脊髓的AQP-4表达于损伤后1 d开始增加,损伤后3 d达到峰值,损伤后7 d开始减少.实验组大鼠脊髓的AQP-4表达比对照组明显减少.结论:MSCs移植可抑制脊髓损伤后AQP-4的表达.     

Topical organization of the projections of neurons of the substantia nigra and the ventral field of the tegmentum of the midbrain to the head of the caudate nucleus of the cat

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology -     

Asymmetry of the internal connections of the striate cortex of the cat in the projection zone of the center of the field of vision

Studies were carried out on the organization of the internal connections of the striate cortex in cats in the projection zone of the center (0–5°) of the field of vision by microintophoretic application of horseradish peroxidase to electrophysiologically identified orientational columns. The area containing neurons showing retrograde labeling in most cases extended in the mediolateral direction. Labeled cells were located in the upper (II, III) and lower (V, VI) layers of the cortex, and the shapes and orientations of the areas containing labeled neurons in these layers coincided. Spatial asymmetry was detected in the distribution of labeled neurons relative to the orientational column studied. Labeled cells were located predominantly medial to the columns, regardless of the distance from the projection of the area centralis. Considering the visuotopical map of field 17, the asymmetry detected here provides evidence that neurons in orientational columns have more extensive connections with neurons of the peripheral part of the cortex. An asymmetrical distribution of “silent” zones around the receptive fields of neurons in orientational columns is suggested, and that these appear to receive influences from the periphery of the visual field. Laboratory of Visual Physiology and Laboratory of Central Nervous System Morphology, I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Makarov Bank, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia. Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 82, No. 12, pp. 23–29, December, 1996.     

Characteristics of the topographic interrelation of the head of the pancreas and the duodenum and pathology of the organs of the pancreatoduodenal area

Seventy pancreatoduodenal complexes of 55 patients with chronic pancreatitis and tumours of this zone and 15 patients died from other diseases are studies histotopographically . The pieces of the pancreatic head tissue in the medial wall of the duodenum were found in 12 cases of the first group and in 4 control cases. The pancreatic tissue consisted either of all elements of this organ or cystically dilated ducts and seemed to infiltrate different layers of the duodenum wall. Three variants of the pancreatic head structure are suggested on the basis of anatomo-topographical interrelationships of the pancreatic head and duodenum. In 12 out of 14 cases chronic pancreatitis and carcinoma of organs of this zone were combined with the variants of the pancreatic head structure, in 2 cases there was a true heterotopy . Pathogenetic significance of these variants for the development of chronic pancreatitis is discussed.     

Influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitude of the synaptic reactions of the snail under voltage clamping conditions

The influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitudes of summary excitatory postsynaptic currents arising in identified giant parietal neurons in response to rhythmic stimulation of the intestinal nerve was investigated in a preparation of the isolated CNS of the common snail in order to identify the possibility of the participation of the postsynaptic element in synaptic plasticity. It was demonstrated that, at a greater value of the transmembrane potential, the decrease in the amplitudes of the postsynaptic currents which have been induced by rhythmic stimulation takes place more rapidly. It was also demonstrated that at a higher frequency of stimulation of the nerve, the effect of the influence of the membrane potential level on the dynamics of the synaptic reactions is more prominent. The data obtained may be regarded as an argument in favor of the possibility of the participation of the post-synapse in plasticity. This study was partially supported by the Russian Basic Research Fund (project No. 94-04-12209). Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Translated from Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatel'nosti imeni I. P. Pavlova, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 171–179, January–February, 1995.     

Effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on the behavior of the rat.

The effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on behavior of the rat has been studied. Results may be summarized as follows. An increase in the exploratory behavior in the open field which decreases rapidly; a decrease in the number of defecations in this test and a decrease in time leaving a dark environment for exploration. In the shuttle box test, no facilitation of the acquisition, but a permanent and quite significant increase in the intertrial activity has been found. We conclude that the lesions tend to decrease the emotivity of the subjects. An interpretation on the basis of the species -- specific defensive reactions explains the transitory and permanent effects of the lesions on the spontaneous activity.     

Effect of the conditions of adaptation of the optic analyzer to the function of the thermoreceptors of the human skin

Summary A discussion is presented of the effect produced by light stimulation applied to the optic analyzer alone on the function of the temperature analyzer. The cutaneous-temperature analyzer was kept on constant illumination and temperature. The light effects from the retinal photoreceptors on the cutaneous thermoceptor system led to reflex changes of the functional rate of the latter. Conditions of the optic analyzer of light adaptation caused reflex adjustment of cold receptors as to heating. Dark adaptation of the eyes changed the functional state of the cold receptors, corresponding to their adjustment to low temperatures.(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. V. Parin) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 57, No. 3, pp. 3–6, March, 1964