膝关节伸直位僵硬的人工关节置换治疗

目的 探讨膝关节伸直位僵硬的人工关节置换的手术方法及近期临床疗效.方法 对9例膝关节伸直位僵硬患者(12膝)行人工关节置换术,术中采用二次截骨加软组织松解的方法,分别记录手术前后膝关节HSS评分及关节活动度,并进行统计分析.结果 经过 12～56(36.2±9.61)个月的随访,膝关节HSS评分由术前13～45(28.6±7.12)分提高到术后56～89(65.45±6.25)分(P<0.01).关节活动度由术前0°提高到术后70°～110°(85.5°±10.18°)(P<0.01).结论 膝关节伸直位僵硬可以进行人工膝关节置换,手术效果满意.掌握熟练的手术技巧及正确术后康复至关重要.     

僵硬膝的人工全膝关节置换治疗

目的探讨僵硬膝关节(活动度小于50°)行人工全膝关节置换术的手术策略及疗效。方法对2005年4月～2009年1月间收治的30例僵硬膝关节患者(类风湿性关节炎16例,骨性关节炎11例,强直性脊柱炎2例,血友病性关节炎1例)进行回顾性研究,患者术前膝关节活动度平均为39.6°(10～50°),屈曲挛缩角度平均为32.3°(0～55°),膝关节HSS评分平均40.2分(15～71分)。结果 8例患者出现下肢肌间静脉或深静脉血栓;术中髌腱撕脱2例,采用钢丝固定。27例获得平均18个月随访,术后膝关节活动度平均为89°(50～120°),HSS评分平均为82分(70～95分)。结论术前活动度差的僵硬膝关节行人工全膝关节置换治疗,需要在手术入路、截骨技术、软组织松解、术后康复等多个环节精确设计,综合考虑上述措施才能获得满意的疗效。     

类风湿性僵硬膝人工膝关节置换疗效分析

目的:探讨类风湿性僵硬膝人工膝关节置换的策略及疗效。方法:对16例因类风湿关节炎导致僵硬膝并采用人工膝关节置换术治疗的患者进行回顾性分析。结果:15例患者获得12~26个月随访,平均(18.13±4.49)个月。住院期间未出现感染、皮缘坏死、静脉血栓、肺脑栓塞等并发症;术后3个月均可弃拐行走,生活自理;术前膝关节活动度31.67°±11.41°,HSS评分(20.73±7.10)分;术后随访12个月膝关节活动度102.20°±5.92°,HSS评分(77.20±4.41)分;随访12个月,在关节活动度、HSS评分方面较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:类风湿性僵硬膝患者,人工膝关节置换能有效改善关节活动功能,改善HSS评分,提高生活质量,近期随访效果可。     

中重度膝外翻畸形全膝关节置换术效果观察

目的探讨中重度膝外翻畸形全膝关节置换术的手术技巧及疗效。方法 2015-05—2017-05间,安徽医科大学第一附属医院关节外科对16例股胫角(FTA)(28.3±7.2)°的中重度膝关节外翻畸形患者实施全膝关节置换术。均采用膝前正中切口(髌旁内侧切口)、胫骨少量或等量截骨,外侧软组织、后外侧关节囊及副韧带松解,未置换髌骨。13例采用后稳定型假体,3例采用髁限制性假体。以膝关节活动度、双下肢全长片的FTA、美国特种外科医院(HSS)膝关节评分评价疗效。结果随访2~24个月,平均13个月。所有患者膝关节外翻畸形基本矫正,膝关节活动度由术前的(42.6±6.8)°改善为术后的(101.4±7.2)°,FTA由术前(28.3±7.2)°矫正为(6.2±2.9)°,HSS评分术后由术前(22.3±4.2)分改善为(90.2±3.4)分,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后出现1例腓总神经麻痹,经相关处理后恢复。结论全膝关节置换术治疗中重度膝外翻畸形,近期效果满意。     

全膝关节置换治疗创伤后膝僵硬畸形

目的探讨全膝关节置换术(TKA)对创伤后膝僵硬畸形的治疗效果。方法对13例创伤后膝僵硬畸形患者采用TKA手术治疗,对比分析手术前后关节活动度范围以及膝关节HSS评分变化。结果 13例患者均获随访,时间3个月～3年6个月。HSS评分由术前的27～47(36±3.8)分提高到术后的80～92(86±3)分,关节活动范围由术前的5°～35°(20±3.5°)提高到术后的85°～100°(90°±5°),术前术后比较均有明显改善(P<0.05)。结论创伤后膝僵硬畸形采取TKA治疗可以明显改善关节活动范围,缓解症状,恢复功能,疗效满意。     

僵硬膝关节行人工全膝关节置换的效果及关节活动范围影响分析

目的 :观察人工全膝关节置换术治疗僵硬膝关节的临床效果及其影响因素。方法 :选取2010年1月至2014年10月采用人工全膝关节置换术治疗的20例(25膝)僵硬膝关节患者,其中男2例(3膝),女18例(22膝);年龄55~78岁,平均(64.5±4.9)岁;病程5~21年,平均8.3年。观察并比较手术前后HSS评分、并发症发生情况及关节活动范围(ROM)。结果:20例患者获得随访,时间12~69个月,平均35.3个月。术后10例患者出现并发症。HSS评分由术前的32.36±12.31提高至术后的80.70±18.52,两者比较差异有统计学意义。本组优7膝,良15膝,可3膝。膝关节ROM由术前的(39.4±5.3)°提高至末次随访时的(92.5±11.2)°。结论:僵硬膝关节行人工膝关节置换术是可行的,术后可获得满意的膝关节活动范围及功能。     

髌骨置换与否对全膝关节置换术后疗效的影响

目的 探讨膝骨关节炎患者行全膝关节表面置换时髌骨置换与否对术后疗效及并发症发生的影响.方法 对2007年1月至2011年12月之间行人工全膝关节置换术的170例(237膝)骨关节炎患者,按髌骨置换(126膝)和未置换(111膝)分为2组.对术前和末次随访时两组的HSS评分、膝前痛评分、膝关节活动度、最大屈曲度数、屈曲畸形及手术时情况和患者满意度等进行对比分析.结果使用SPSS 17.0统计软件包进行统计学分析.结果 在170例(237膝)OA患者中161例(21 3膝)获得随访,平均随访时间(40.94±8.02)个月,置换组HSS评分由术前的(40.19±8.14)分增加到末次随访时的(87.45±6.00)分(P＜0.05),膝前痛评分由(4.13±1.08)分升高到(19.47±4.04)分(P＜0.05);未置换组HSS评分由(40.00±6.74)分上升到(88.93±4.92)分(P＜0.05),膝前痛评分由(3.58±2.26)分变化到(13.61±3.89)分(P＜0.05);患者满意度置换组为80.91％,未置换组为61.17％(P＜0.05).在HSS评分、膝关节活动度、最大屈曲度数、屈曲畸形等方面两组差异无统计学意义.而在膝前痛评分、患者满意度、手术时间、术中失血量等方面差异有统计学意义.结论 当膝关节骨关节炎患者进行全膝关节置换术时,若术前存在膝关节疼痛严重、患者期望较高、不适合长时间手术,应行髌骨置换.     

全膝关节置换治疗创伤与非创伤性伸直僵硬膝的疗效对比

目的 观察后稳定型(posterior stable, PS)假体全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty, TKA)治疗创伤性伸直僵硬膝与非创伤性伸直僵硬膝的临床早期疗效。方法 回顾性分析2017年8月至2021年8月进行TKA治疗的创伤与非创伤性伸直型僵硬膝共30例(32膝)患者资料。按病因分为A、B两组，A组创伤性伸直僵硬膝10例(10膝),其中男6例，女4例；平均年龄(65.0±4.3)岁。B组非创伤性伸直僵硬膝组20例(22膝),其中男8例，女12例；平均年龄(68.5±5.2)岁。观察两组手术前后膝关节活动度、疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale, VAS)、美国特种外科医院评分(the hospital special surgery, HSS)及并发症。结果 两组术前膝关节活动度、VAS、HSS评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。30例患者均获随访，平均随访时间(12.2±0.4)个月。末次随访时，膝关节活动度：A组(99.0±3.2)分，B组(112.8±10.2)分；VAS:A组(4.3±0.7)分，B组(...     

应用组合式金属垫块修复胫骨近端AORIⅡ型骨缺损的全膝关节置换

[目的]探讨应用组合式金属垫块修复胫骨近端AORI Ⅱ型骨缺损后全膝关节置换术的治疗方法和临床效果.[方法]2004年8月～2008年5月,作者对9例(12膝)应用组合式金属垫块修复胫骨AORI Ⅱ型骨缺损的全膝关节置换病例进行了随访,男3例(3膝),女6例(9膝),年龄48～76岁,平均69岁.[结果]术后随访6～42个月,平均26个月.患者内、外翻畸形均得到有效矫正,疼痛消失,活动度良好,膝关节HSS评分由术前14.5(10～25)分提高到术后85.5分(74～95)分,膝关节屈曲活动度由术前74.6°(15～100°)提高到术后110.3°(80～155°).[结论]在全膝关节置换术中应用组合式金属垫块修复胫骨近端AORI Ⅱ型骨缺损,手术操作方便,提高了假体的稳定性和手术的成功率.     

高屈曲度人工全膝关节置换术的临床疗效

目的 探讨影响人工全膝关节置换术患者术后屈膝的因素,以及获得相对最大屈曲度的技术.方法 自2002年3月至2007年3月,85例患者102膝行高屈曲度人工全膝关节置换术(LPS-Flex knee arthroplasty,LF-KA),男16例17膝,女69例85膝;年龄35～79岁,平均64.9岁.膝关节骨关节炎94膝,类风湿关节炎8膝.膝内翻畸形82膝(平均12.8°±3.1°),膝外翻畸形7膝(平均5.1°±2.4°),屈曲畸形31膝(平均15.6°±4.9°).骨缺损5膝.膝关节骨关节炎患者术前活动度为61°～135°,平均110.5°;类风湿关节炎患者为41°～120.,平均85.5°.手术均采用NexGen,LPS-Flex假体.临床疗效以HSS评分为标准,根据影像学资料评估膝关节假体位置、下肢力线以及骨缺损修复情况.结果 66例81膝随访24～60个月,平均39个月.术前HSS平均(69.6±7.4)分,术后平均(90.9±4.8)分.优64膝,良11膝,中4膝,差2膝,优良率为92.6%.膝关节活动度由术前平均100.5°,改善至术中平均136.8°,终末随访时平均127.5°.结论 膝关节活动度的改善对满足患者的日常生活需要尤为重要.患者术前活动度、手术技术、特殊的假体设计以及积极的术后锻炼都是实现全膝关节置换术后最大屈曲度的重要因素.但肥胖、有膝关节手术史、强直性脊柱炎等患者,人工全膝关节置换术后的活动度都会受到一定的限制.     

Lateral thrust of anterior cruciate ligament-insufficient knees and posterior cruciate ligament-insufficient knees

Leaving anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) insufficiency and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) insufficiency untreated frequently leads to osteoarthritis (OA). The purpose of this study was to evaluate dynamically the lateral thrust of ACL-insufficient knees and PCL-insufficient knees, and from the findings investigate the relationship between cruciate ligament insufficiency and OA occurrence. An acceleration sensor was attached to the affected and control anterior tibial tubercles, acting in medial-lateral and perpendicular directions. The lateral thrust immediately after heel strike was measured continuously by a telemeter under stabilised walking conditions. When compared to the contralateral healthy knee, the peak value of lateral acceleration immediately after heel strike was significantly larger in the ACL-insufficient knee; and lateral thrust was increased, but not significantly, in the PCL-insufficient knee. Given that lateral thrust of the knee during walking increases due to ACL or PCL injury, it may be a principal contributor to OA progression.     

Rachitic knock knees in children

Knee malpositions, for example valgus or varus deformations or flexion contractures, were often cited in the historical literature. In earlier times, clinical pictures such as rickets were often the reason for this kind of deformity. A causal therapy did not exist until the twentieth century. In most cases of rickets, genu valgum was reported as the typical knee deformation.The differential diagnosis for genu valgum caused by rickets was genu valgum traumaticum, paralyticum, and inflammatorium. The most important reports on the pathogenesis of valgus deformation can be found in publications by Hueter and von Mikulicz.The causal therapy of rickets was introduced at the beginning of the twentieth century.Vitamin therapy and UV phototherapy were developed during this period.Using these therapies, rickets decreased dramatically.Kurt Huldschinsky, a pediatrician from Berlin,was one of the main inventors of UV phototherapy in Germany. At the end of the nineteenth century, the operative correction of knee deformities increased while conservative treatment continued to be applied.Plaster casts,orthoses, and osteoclast therapy were the main noninvasive therapeutic possibilities.Positive aspects of the conservative techniques were mostly the good results and easy, timesaving technique compared with the operative treatment.The operative therapy increased with the knowledge of antisepsis and asepsis as well as advances in anesthetic procedures.Operative treatment modalities, for example tibial and femoral osteotomies, were more precise, but connected with multiple complications and greater time expenditure. Sufficient vitamin prophylaxis rendered knee deformations caused by rickets a rarity.     

Traumatic hemarthrosis in stable knees

A thorough arthroscopic examination was performed in 90 consecutive patients with sprained knee injuries with hemarthrosis, but without signs of instability or fracture. The source of bleeding was found in all but five joints. Thirty-nine injuries were tears of the cruciate ligament, only three of which were complete tears. Fourteen injuries were (osteo)chondral fractures and six were meniscal lesions. The remainder bled from the synovium or meniscal attachments. The arthroscopic examination resulted in an altered course of treatment in few, if any, of these patients.     

Traumatic hemarthrosis in stable knees

A thorough arthroscopic examination was performed in 90 consecutive patients with sprained knee injuries with hemarthrosis, but without signs of instability or fracture. The source of bleeding was found in all but five joints. Thirty-nine injuries were tears of the cruciate ligament, only three of which were complete tears. Fourteen injuries were (osteo)chondral fractures and six were meniscal lesions. The remainder bled from the synovium or meniscal attachments. The arthroscopic examination resulted in an altered course of treatment in few, if any, of these patients.     

Painful snapping in rheumatoid knees

Summary. Painful snapping caused by a solitary intra-articular nodular mass was found in 11 knee joints of 8 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The masses were characteristically situated in the anterolateral aspect of the lateral femoral condyle of each joint, and appeared to jump and slip in and out of the patellofemoral articulation during flexion and extension. The snapping caused by the solitary mass was noticed as the joint flexed from 15° to 30° in 9 knees and from 50° to 60° in 3. Histopathological examination of the masses revealed typical findings of a rheumatoid nodule in 4 knee joints and myxomatous degeneration and collagen necrosis in 7.

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Résumé. 11 genoux présentant un ressaut douloureux à cause d’un nodule intra-articulaire ont été opérés chez 8 patients atteints d’arthrite rhumato? de. Les nodules se situaient sur la face latérale du condyle fémoral externe et s’introduisaient dans l’articulation fémoro-patellaire lors de la flexion du genou. Le ressaut survenait aux environs de 15 à 30° de flexion pour 9 genoux et 50 à 60° de flexion pour 3. L’examen histologique a montré un aspect typique de nodule rhumato?de dans 4 cas et une dégénérescence myxo?de avec nécrose collagène dans les 7 autres cas.

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Accepted: 19 March 1997