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1.
四川凉山地区吸毒人群共用注射器具调查   总被引:17,自引:1,他引:17  
目的了解四州省凉山彝族自治州吸毒人群共用注射器具发生率的情况。方法于2002年11月以社区招募方式调查该地区吸毒人群的社会人口学特征,首次吸毒、首次注射吸毒和首次共用注射器具时间。结果共调查382名吸毒人员,其中99.5%(380人)的人员曾经注射吸毒,64.7%(247人)的人员曾经共用过注射器具。从首次吸毒到共用注射器具的发生率为13.5/100人年(95% CI=1.8~15.2),在多因素Cox比例风险回归模型中,危险比(HR):民族(HR=1.751,95% CI=1.342~2.286)和首次吸毒时年龄(HR=1.434,95% CI=1.050~1.958)与共用注射器具发生率差异有统计学意义;从首次注射吸毒到共用注射器具的发生率为36.8/100人年(95% CI=32.2~41.4),民族(HR=1.891,95% CI=1.455~2.458)和首次注射吸毒时年龄(HR=1.505,95% CI=1.055~2.146)与共用注射器发生率有统计学意义。结论应针对不同民族和年龄的吸毒人群开展健康教育和行为干预以控制艾滋病病毒的传播。  相似文献   

2.
目的了解四川省西昌市吸毒人群从首次口吸毒到首次静脉注射吸毒的发生情况。方法于2004-05/07从社区中招募吸毒人群,调查其社会人口学、首次吸毒前吸烟、饮酒情况、首次吸毒的时间和方式及种类、首次静脉注射吸毒情况。结果在调查的451名吸毒人员中,首次使用的毒品均为海洛因,其中,首次为口吸和静脉注射的分别为80.7%(364/451)和19.3%(87/451)。从首次口吸到首次静脉注射的发生率为21.82/100人年(95% CI为19.60~24.05),多因素Cox比例风险模型分析结果显示,初中以下文化(HR=1.38;95% CI为1.12~1.70)和15岁以前开始吸烟(HR=1.41;95% CI为1.15~1.73)与首次口吸到首次静脉注射发生的关系有统计学意义。结论首次口吸到静脉注射毒品的时间与文化程度有关,这一转变的发生率也与吸毒人群吸烟早迟有关。但需进一步了解吸毒人群首次静脉注射吸毒的发生情况及其影响因素。  相似文献   

3.
四川省西昌市吸毒人群首次海洛因滥用情况调查   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4  
目的 了解四川省西昌市吸毒人群首次海洛因滥用的发生情况。方法 于2004年5~7月,从社区中搜集吸毒人群,调查其社会人口学特征、首次使用毒品的时间和方式及种类、首次吸毒前吸烟、饮酒、朋友、家庭成员和亲戚吸毒的情况。结果 在调查的451名吸毒人员中,首次使用的毒品均为海洛因,其中,首次吸毒方式为口吸和静脉注射的分别为80.7%和19.3%。从出生到首次吸毒的发生率为4.43/100人年(95%CI=4.02~4.84)。多因素Cox比例风险模型分析结果显示,彝族及其他少数民族(FIR:1.47,95%CI=1.22~1.78)、15岁以前开始吸烟(FIR=1.54,95%CI=1.25~1.83)与首次吸毒发生的关系差异有统计学意义。结论 需进一步了解吸毒人群首次吸毒的发生情况及其影响因素,为开展针对性的健康教育和行为干预措施提供科学指导。  相似文献   

4.
目的 评估某县注射吸毒人群HIV感染率,探讨HIV感染相关的危险因素。方法 在某县戒毒所和社区征集满足条件的吸毒者,由经统一培训的调查员在单独的房间内进行访谈,同时采集血样进行HIV抗体检测。结果 调查注射吸毒人群269人,HIV感染率为26.0%(70/269)。在多因素非条件Logistic回归模型中,注射吸毒人群HIV感染有统计学意义。危险因素包括家庭所在地为县城(相对于其他乡镇)(OR=4.08,95%CI:1.65~10.08)、注射总次数≥1000次组(OR=7.45,95%CI:2.62~21.16)或注射总次数100~999次(OR=3.03,95%CI:1.04~8.86),在戒毒所内有共用针具行为(OR=8.32,95%CI:2.77~24.98)或仅有戒毒所外共用针具行为(OR=5.54,95%CI:1.97~15.60)。结论 目前该县注射吸毒人群HIV流行处于较高水平,需加强共用针具危险性的宣传教育,加强打击毒品隐蔽进入戒毒所的力度。  相似文献   

5.
四川省西昌市静脉吸毒人群梅毒感染状况研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
[目的]了解四川省西昌市静脉吸毒人群梅毒感染情况及其影响因素。[方法]于2005年10~11月在西昌市对静脉吸毒人群进行调查,调查内容包括社会人口学、毒品使用、共用注射器具静脉吸毒以及性行为情况等.同时采集血样进行梅毒抗体检测。[结果]在招募的325名静脉吸毒者中,梅毒感染率为17.2%(56/325),其中男性和女性的梅毒感染率分别为12.8%(35/273)和40.4%(21/53)。多因素Logistic回归模型分析结果显示,女性(OR:4.95;95%CI:2.49~9.83)、彝族(OR:2.44;95%CI:1.25-4.76)和近1个月与临时性伴发生非保护性性交(OR:2.61;95%CI:1.30~5.24)与静脉吸毒人群梅毒感染的关系有统计学意义。[结论]四川省西昌市静脉吸毒人群梅毒感染率高,迫切需要采取措施来提高该地区静脉吸毒人群中安全套的使用。  相似文献   

6.
目的 了解四川省西昌市社区美沙酮维持治疗对海洛因成瘾者吸毒行为的影响情况。方法于2004—05/07,以社区为基础招募海洛因成瘾者,调查其社会人口学、毒品使用及共用注射器具行为特征,了解社区美沙酮维持治疗(MMT)对吸毒行为的影响情况。结果 在调查的海洛因成瘾者中参加过MMT的为30.4%(105/346),参加MMT时间的中位数为49d。在控制社会人口学等因素后,多因素Logistic分析结果显示,MMT与海洛因成瘾者近3个月吸毒行为的关系有统计学意义的变量为:静脉吸毒频率(OR:0.40;95%CI:0.24~0.66)、海洛因口吸频率(OR:3.06;95%CI:1.87~5.00)、海洛因混合其他毒品使用频率(OR:0.43;95%CI:0.26~0.73)、共用针头或注射器(OR:0.03;95%CI:0.01-0.13)、共用洗针头或注射器用水(OR:0.06;95%CI:0.01~0.24)和共用吸毒器皿(OR:0.02;95%CI:0.00~0.18)。结论 研究结果表明我国第一批海洛因成瘾者美沙酮维持治疗试点项目在减少吸毒人群毒品使用和艾滋病相关高危吸毒行为等方面具有明显的效果。  相似文献   

7.
目的了解四川省凉山彝族自治州地区吸毒人群直接和间接共用注射器具静脉吸毒方式与HIV感染的关系。方法于2004年5月至7月,从社区中招募吸毒人群调查其社会人口学特征、近3个月直接和间接共用注射器具静脉吸毒方式、近6个月性行为情况。采集研究对象的血样进行HIV抗体检测。结果在调查的吸毒人群中HIV感染率为15.1%(68/451),其中静脉吸毒人群HIV感染率为17.8%(66/370)。多因素Logistic分析结果显示,民族(OR为2.40;95%CI为1.39~4.13)、近3个月共用针头和注射器(OR为2.02;95%CI为1.12~3.63)、近3个月共用洗针头或注射器用水(OR,4.00;95%;CI,1.28~12.54)与HIV感染关系有统计学意义。结论四川省凉山彝族自治州吸毒人群HIV感染率高,直接和间接共用注射器具静脉吸毒行为以及高危性行为普遍,应加强对此类行为的干预。  相似文献   

8.
目的 为了解新疆吸毒人群艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染现状及其影响因素,为艾滋病防治工作效果评价提供科学依据.方法 于2010年8-12月对新疆乌鲁木齐市及伊犁州4 493名吸毒者进行问卷调查和血清学检测.结果 新疆吸毒人群艾滋病感染率为21.4% (963/4 493),其中男性感染率为20.7% (864/4 175),女性感染率为31.1%(99/318);维吾尔族感染率为30.1%(800/2 660),汉族感染率为7.0%(74/1 050),回族感染率为11.3% (64/566);≤30岁者感染率为10.0%(174/1 739),>30岁者为28.6%(789/2 754);多因素logistic回归分析结果表明,吸毒者感染HIV的风险女性高于男性(OR=2.12,95%CI=1.56~2.88),维吾尔族、回族均高于汉族(OR=7.66、2.06,95% CI=5.79~10.13、1.41 ~ 3.01),注射吸毒者高于非注射吸毒者(OR=11.95,95% CI=9.26 ~ 15.42),共用针具者高于非共用针具者(OR =4.02,95% CI=3.35~4.83).结论 与其他吸毒人群聚集区比较,新疆吸毒人群HIV感染率处于中等水平,吸毒人群感染HIV的主要影响因素包括性别、民族、吸毒方式和是否共用针具等,据此应制定针对性的防治措施.  相似文献   

9.
静脉吸毒人群HIV危险行为及影响因素分析   总被引:14,自引:1,他引:14  
目的了解乌鲁木齐市静脉吸毒人群人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)相关危险行为状况及其影响因素。方法于2004年9~10月在乌鲁木齐市戒毒所、劳教所采用结构式问卷进行一次性横断面调查。结果符合调查标准且提供知情同意书的509名吸毒者中,近3个月共用器具注射吸毒比例为33.4%,固定性伴注射吸毒者占20.4%;近1个月与固定性伴和非固定性伴从未使用安全套的比例分别为85.8%和69.8%,维吾尔族吸毒者该指标的比例最高,分别为90.7%和75.3%。多因素线性回归分析结果显示,男性静脉吸毒者发生HIV相关危险行为的影响因素是固定性伴注射吸毒(β=0.80;P〈0.0001)、近6个月有商业性性行为(β=0.32;P=0.0135)、维吾尔族(β=0.34;P=0.0019)、已婚或同居者(β=-0.30;P=0.0077);与女性吸毒者有关的影响因素是固定性伴注射吸毒(β=0.36;P=0.0041)、近6个月有商业性性行为(β=0.45;P=0.0240)、年龄(β=-0.03;P=0.0154)。结论当地吸毒人群HIV相关危险行为发生率高。吸毒者与固定性伴的安全套使用率极低,提示HIV经性途径传播的可能性很大。扩大针对吸毒和高危性行为干预项目的覆盖面,并辅以个体化的心理咨询,加强吸毒者安全行为的健康教育。  相似文献   

10.
目的了解四川省西昌市社区艾滋病防治项目对吸毒人群直接和间接共用注射器具吸毒行为的影响情况。方法于2004年5月至6月在四川省西昌市调查吸毒人群的社会人口学、戒毒、参加艾滋病防治项目、吸毒方式以及直接和间接共用注射器具行为情况等。结果在近3个月27,0%(122/451)的吸毒者与他人有过共用注射器具静脉吸毒行为,其中直接和间接共用注射器具的分别为26,8%(121/451)和22,4%(101/451)。在多因素Logistic回归模型分析中,与近3个月直接共用注射器具有统计学意义的变量是:性别、过去参加过艾滋病防治项目、近3个月静脉注射吸毒频率、近3个月海洛因混合其他毒品使用频率;与近3个月间接共用注射器具有统计学意义的变量是:静脉吸毒年限、过去参加过艾滋病防治项目、近3个月静脉注射吸毒频率、近3个月海洛因混合其他毒品使用频率。结论社区艾滋病防治项目对减少直接和间接共用注射器具行为有一定的作用。  相似文献   

11.
无针注射是全新的一种注射方式,国外无针注射的研究已经全面展开,国内则刚刚起步。对无针注射技术进行了综述,介绍了无针注射技术的概念、作用机理、发展历史和技术特点,讨论了无针注射技术的应用情况,指出了无针注射给药系统的主要优势及在一些领域的发展前景。  相似文献   

12.
大理地区静脉吸毒人群隐孢子虫感染调查   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2  
申丽洁  李伟 《中国公共卫生》2005,21(11):1295-1296
目的调查静脉吸毒人群隐孢子虫的感染情况,初步研究性别、年龄、民族和吸毒年限与感染的关系。方法收集静脉吸毒者粪便标本500份,采用改良抗酸染色法检查粪便中的隐孢子虫卵囊。结果500份粪便中84份查到隐孢子虫卵囊,总感染率为16.8%;不同性别、年龄和民族的吸毒者隐孢子虫感染率有一定差别,但差异无统计学意义;随着吸毒时间的延长,隐孢子虫感染率也相应增高,不同吸毒年限感染率差异有统计学意义。结论静脉吸毒人群隐孢子虫的感染率高于普通人群,应加强对该人群的防治工作。  相似文献   

13.
14.
In this paper, we explore the understudied phenomenon of “low-frequency” heroin injection in a sample of street-recruited heroin injectors not in drug treatment. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 2,410 active injection drug users (IDUs) recruited in San Francisco, California from 2000 to 2005. We compare the sociodemographic characteristics and injection risk behaviors of low-frequency heroin injectors (low-FHI; one to 10 self-reported heroin injections in the past 30 days) to high-frequency heroin injectors (high-FHI; 30 or more self-reported heroin injections in the past 30 days). Fifteen percent of the sample met criteria for low-FHI. African American race, men who have sex with men (MSM) behavior, and injection and noninjection methamphetamine use were independently associated with low-FHI. Compared to high-FHI, low-FHI were less likely to report syringe sharing and nonfatal heroin overdose. A small but significant proportion of heroin injectors inject heroin 10 or less times per month. Additional research is needed to qualitatively examine low-frequency heroin injection and its relationship to drug use trajectories.  相似文献   

15.
The settings where drugs are injected represent a crucial dimension in the social structural production of drug-related harm. While the use of supervised injecting facilities has been associated with reductions in injection-related risk, few studies have examined the reasons why injection drug users utilise supervised injecting facilities. This study sought to explore injectors' motivations for injecting within the local supervised injecting facility (Insite) and how the supervised setting interacts with their situated risk perceptions. Fifty in-depth interviews were conducted with injection drug users who utilise Insite (Vancouver, Canada) in order to understand injectors' reasons for attending the supervised injecting facility and how the injection setting is perceived to influence risk. Participants were drawn from the Scientific Evaluation of Supervised Injecting cohort. Interviewees reported that Insite provides a suitable alternative to other injection settings (e.g. public injecting venues) and negates the need to observe social conventions deemed to be undesirable by some drug users. The facility mediates injection-related health risks by reducing the potential for blood-borne virus infection and overdose. The sanctioned and regulated environment of Insite is also perceived to provide refuge from important forms of ‘everyday risk', including encounters with police, street violence and loss of drugs, which characterise other injection settings. While public health perspectives have focused upon the potential of supervised injecting facilities to mediate injection-related harm, injection drug users perceive the supervised injection setting to provide protection from a broader range of hazards associated with injecting drugs in unregulated settings.  相似文献   

16.
In the past two decades, recreational use of ecstasy has become a growing concern in the United States, although most studies assessing ecstasy use have focused on white, middle-class adolescents who use ecstasy during raves and in clubs. We assessed the prevalence of recent ecstasy use among predominantly minority heroin, cocaine, and crack users in New York City and the association between ecstasy and sexual risk above and beyond that of the other drugs. Between 2002 and 2004, injection and non-injection heroin, crack and cocaine users (N = 534) completed a risk behavior questionnaire that included items on ecstasy use. Logistic regression was used to investigate the relation between current ecstasy use and sexual behaviors. Of 534 illicit drug users, 69.7% were aged 25 years or older, 65.2% were Hispanic, 27.9% Black and 77.4% male; 36.7% were injectors. 17.2% of respondents reported recent (last six months) ecstasy use. In a multivariable logistic regression model, current ecstasy use was associated both with initiating sex before age 14 (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.51) and having two or more partners in the past two months (AOR = 1.86) after adjusting for age at study entry, current cocaine and marijuana use and being an injection drug user. This study suggests that ecstasy use may be more prevalent among urban drug users. Ecstasy use in urban settings, beyond clubs and raves, should continue to be monitored.  相似文献   

17.
目的探讨左布比卡因椎管内联合麻醉相同剂量不同注药速度对麻醉平面的影响。方法选择ASAI~II级适合行椎管内联合麻醉的妇科择期手术患者80例,随机分为3组,0.75%左布比卡因2ml(15mg),A组注药速度10s;B组注药速度20s;C组注药速度30s。并记录麻醉阻滞平面达T10时间;腰麻最高平面时间;腰麻后30minMAP(平均动脉压);需追硬外麻用药例数。结果3组患者年龄、身高、体重差异均无显著性,穿刺部位、体位相同,均为同一人操作。B组麻醉效果最佳,阻滞平面满意,血液动力学稳定,无需追加硬外药。结论0.75%左布比卡因2ml椎管内联合麻醉注药速度以20s为宜。  相似文献   

18.
目的了解盐酸左氧氟沙星注射剂在临床应用的不良反应,探讨其一般规律及特点。方法对我院2010年1月—2013年12月ADR监测室收集的56例盐酸左氧氟沙星注射剂不良反应报告进行分析。结果盐酸左氧氟沙星注射剂药物不良反应以皮肤系统损害及消化系统,其次为神经系统且主要发生于老年患者。结论规范合理用药,确保用药安全,以减少或控制ADR的发生。  相似文献   

19.
Progressive public health authorities in high-income countries have advocated supervised consumption facilities, where people who use illicit drugs can consume them in a hygienic, supervised environment, as a way of reducing drug-related risks to both people who use drugs and communities. However, the planning of such facilities has often met with strong reactions from the local community. ‘Not in my backyard’ (NIMBY) type reactions are frequently encountered and public opinion polling is limited in its ability to provide detailed insights into the reasons why people support or oppose these facilities in Toronto and Ottawa. We explore perceptions of residents and business representatives to the proposed implementation of supervised consumption facilities, and examine their perceptions of risks from these facilities. We collected qualitative data from 2008–2010 using focus groups and interviews with 38 residents and 17 business representatives in these two large Canadian cities lacking supervised consumption facilities. We used thematic analysis to examine expressed benefits and risks regarding supervised consumption facilities amongst community members. These participants saw these facilities as potentially risk-reducing, but recognised that the facilities could also create risks for their communities. While community members accepted that facilities could have positive health effects, they expressed a level of concern regarding the risk of public nuisance associated with supervised consumption facilities that seemed unwarranted based on the existing evidence. Discussions on the risks involved in the establishment of supervised consumption facilities should move beyond a focus on the benefits to facility users, to exploring community-level benefits and risks, and integrate evidence regarding actual risk experiences from other locations. Similar approaches may apply to NIMBY concerns related to other contentious issues.  相似文献   

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