老年急性心肌梗死静脉溶栓疗效观察

老年人群中急性心肌梗死（AMI）的发病率逐年上升,梗死相关血管（IRA）的重建,即再灌注治疗是AMI治疗方面的一个突破,在再灌注治疗中,静脉溶栓对住院死亡率下降最显著,且此方法简便易行,已作为AMI再灌注治疗的首选措施。目前常用的有UK（尿激酶）、rSK（重组链激酶）、rt-PA（重组人组织酶原激活物）等,本文主要观察溶栓治疗老年急性心肌梗死临床疗效及安全性。     

120例急性心肌梗死的临床分析

目的探讨尿激酶溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死（AMI）的临床疗效。方法选择120例AMI患者,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组60例,观察组用尿激酶溶栓治疗,对照组用常规方法治疗,比较2组疗效。结果溶栓治疗90、120、180min内观察组血管再通率为51.7%、66.7%和76.7%,对照组分别为18.3%、33.3%和36.7%,2组不同时间血管再通率比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论尿激酶溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死效果显著,值得在临床推广应用。     

急性心肌梗死心肺复苏后溶栓治疗的临床观察

目的：探讨急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者心肺复苏（CPR）后静脉溶栓的临床效果。方法选取我院2005年1月-2012年3月就诊的急性心肌梗死并发心搏骤停复苏成功41例患者,随机分为治疗组20例（溶栓组）,对照组21例（常规组）。比较2组患者梗死血管再通率、病死率、出血率。结果与常规组相比溶栓组梗死血管再通率明显提高（P〈0.05）,2组出血发生率无明显差异（P〉0.05）,溶栓组无死亡病例。结论 AMI患者心肺复苏后溶栓治疗安全有效。     

尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死68例临床研究分析

目的：观察尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者的临床疗效。方法：对68例符合WHO规定的AMI诊断标准及符合溶栓指征的急性心肌梗死患者所采用早期尿激酶溶栓治疗的资料进行了回顾性分析。结果：冠脉再通率的发病与溶栓时间有直接关系,尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗越早,血管再通率越高。结论：早期静脉溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死,疗效确切、安全可靠,可缩小梗死面积,改善心功能,降低死亡率。     

急性心肌梗死尿激酶溶栓治疗护理观察

急性心肌梗死（AMI）为心肌缺血性坏死,是内科急危重症,早期尿激酶溶栓治疗可使病变血管的血栓溶解后再通,挽救濒死心肌,缩小梗死面积,改善左室功能和降低病死率。我科常用尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死,     

早期尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死32例临床观察

目的：观察早期尿激酶（UK）静脉溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死（AMI）的疗效。方法：32例AMI患采用早期尿激酶溶栓治疗与55例AMI患的常规治疗对照，观察溶栓治疗的血管再通情况。结果：尿激酶治疗组和对照组的冠脉再通率分别为59．37％和14．55％（P＜0．05），发病至开始溶栓时间越短，再通率越高。结论：早期尿激酶静脉治疗可提高急性心肌梗死疗效。     

B型钠尿肽对急性心肌梗死溶栓后再灌注的预测价值

目的：探讨血浆B型钠尿肽（BNP）预测急性心肌梗死（AMI）溶栓治疗后血管再通情况的价值。方法：对112例接受溶栓治疗的AMI患者,同时使用血浆BNP水平和临床间接指征判断血管再通情况,并对它们的结果进行比较。结果：血浆BNP水平对血管未通判断的准确性较临床间接指征高（P=0.000）;敏感性和特异性与后者比较,差异无统计学意义（P=0.069,0.051）;判断血管再通的敏感性、特异性和准确性低于临床间接指征（P=0.000）。结论：对AMI接受溶栓治疗的患者来说,血浆BNP水平可帮助判断血管未通,从而为病情评估和进一步治疗提供依据。     

3h内急性心肌梗死溶栓后临床与冠脉造影血管再通的评价

目的对3h内急性心肌梗死（AMI）溶栓治疗后临床与冠脉造影血管再通进行评价。方法42例发病3h内AMI患者,采用静脉给药溶栓治疗后7h-15d行冠脉造影,判定冠脉是否再通,同时与临床判断再通的指标进行比较。结果临床判定冠脉再通率为76．19％,与冠脉造影判定再通率为83．33％,二者比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论发病3h内AMI静脉溶栓是开通梗死相关血管的有效方法,临床与冠脉造影判定冠脉再通率基本一致。     

国产重组链激酶治疗急性心肌梗死

目的观察国产基因重组链激酶（r-SK）在急性心肌梗死（AMI）静脉溶栓治疗的临床疗效和不良反应。方法将98例符合溶栓条件AMI患者随机分成重组链激酶组（r-SK）和尿激酶组（UK）,观察冠状动脉再通率,出血等并发症及其不良反应,并进行统计学处理。结果r-SK组临床血管再通率76％,显著高于UK组54．2％（P〈0．01）,两组出血并发症差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论国产r-SK溶栓治疗AMI,血管再通率高,不良反应发生率低,程度轻,为一安全有效的溶栓药物。     

尿激酶减量溶栓治疗高龄急性心肌梗死的临床分析

老年人中急性心肌梗死（AMI）的发病率逐年上升，病死率也不断增高。静脉溶栓治疗是治疗AMI的重要方法之一，方便、有效，与非溶栓内科药物治疗相比，有一定的血管再通率，能够降低AMI的死亡率。由于随年龄增长，溶栓治疗并发症也增加，主要是出血性事件增加，因此临床上一般选择年龄〈70岁患者进行溶栓治疗。本研究对年龄≥70岁患者进行尿激酶减量溶栓治疗（2／3常规剂量），以探讨高龄急性心肌梗死患者尿激酶减量溶栓治疗的疗效及安全性。     

Evaluation of Myocardial Viability after Myocardial Infarction with Intravenous Real-time Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography

The myocardial viability after myocardial infarction was evaluated by intravenous myocardial contrast echocardiography. Intravenous real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography was performed on 18 patients with myocardial infarction before coronary revascularization. Follow-up echocardiography was performed 3 months after coronary revascularization. Segmental wall motion was assessed using 18-segment LV model and classified as normal, hypokinesis, akinesis and dyskinesis. Viable myocardium was defined by evident improvement of segmental wall motion 3 months after coronary revascularization. Myocardial perfusion was assessed by visual interpretation and divided into 3 conditions： homogeneous opacification; partial or reduced opaciflcation or subendocardial contrast defect; contrast defect. The former two conditions were used as the standard to define the viable myocardium. The results showed that 109 abnormal wall motion segments were detected among 18 patients with myocardial infarction, including 47 segments of hypokinesis, 56 segments of akinesis and 6 segments of dyskinesis. The wall motion of 2 segments with hypokinesis before coronary revascularization which showed homogeneous opacification, 14 of 24 segments with hypokinese and 20 of 24 segments with akinese before coronary revascularization which showed partial or reduced opaciflcation or subendocardial contrast defect was improved 3 months after coronary revascularization. In our study, the sensitivity and specificity of evaluation of myocardial viability after myocardial infarction by intravenous real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography were 94.7% and 78.9%, respectively. It was concluded that intravenous real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography could accurately evaluate myocardial viability after myocardial infarction.     

磁共振心肌灌注成像评价心肌梗死PTCA治疗前后心肌存活

目的 评价磁共振心肌灌注成像(MRMPI) 检测心肌梗死存活心肌的作用. 方法 选择心肌梗死患者51 例.采用1.5 T MR扫描仪,反转恢复快速小角度激励( IR-turbo FLASH) 序列,全部患者均在静脉注射钆喷替酸葡甲胺(Gd-DTPA) 0.1 mmol/kg、MRMPI 首过期及5~30 min 延迟期成像.21 例行静息、负荷99锝单光子发射计算机体层摄影术( single photon emission computed tomography, SPECT) 进行对照研究.首过期行短轴面成像,延迟期行短轴面及长轴面成像.结果 51例心肌梗死患者,42 例(82.3%) 首过期显示灌注减低;50 例(98%) 延迟增强.在21例168个心肌段SPECT诊断无活性心肌段48个,MRMPI 示梗死区均有延迟增强,SPECT诊断存活心肌段120 个,MRMPI 示97段无延迟增强.以静息、负荷99m锝SPECT 作为参考标准,MRMPI 的敏感度、特异度分别为100%、80.8%. 结论 MRMPI 可有效地检测心肌梗死的存活和非存活心肌,以及其程度和范围.     

Acute myocardial infarction: myocardial salvage assessment

Primary coronary revascularization by means of percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)is a highly effective treatment of acute myocardial infarction re-establishing coronary perfusion and stopping the ongoing necrosis in the dependent myocardium.Single-photon emission computed tomography(SPECT)is the most widely used modality assessing myocardial salvage as the difference between the acute perfusion defect before intervention and the remaining scar size measured in a second scan several days after the event.SPECT allows quantification of area at risk(AAR)and final infarct size(FIS)by tracer injection prior to revascularization and after 1 month,respectively.SPECT provides the most validated measure of myocardial salvage and has been utilized in multiple randomizedclinical trials.However,SPECT is logistically challenging,expensive,and includes radiation exposure.More recently,a large number of studies have suggested that cardiac magnetic resonance(CMR)can determine salvage in a single examination by combining measures of myocardial oedema in the AAR exposed to ischaemia reperfusion with FIS quantification by late gadolinium enhancement.     

Acute myocardial infarction due to myocardial bridge

Myocardial bridge (MB) is regarded as a common anatomic variant rather than a congenital condition anomaly,defined as the intramyocardial course of a portion of the coronary artery.It was first mentioned by Rayman in 1737 and first described by Grainicianu in the early 1920s.The current gold standard for diagnosing     

超声检测心内外膜下跨壁速度梯度在心肌缺血诊断中的应用

目的：探讨跨壁速度梯度（MVG）在诊断心肌缺血中的应用价值。方法：检测38例冠心病患者（病例组）和28例健康志愿者（对照组）心尖四腔观、两腔观各节段心肌收缩期跨壁速度梯度（MVG-L＋）、舒张期跨壁速度梯度（MVG—L-）。结果：对照组MVG—L＋和MVG—L-由基底段、中间段至心尖段差异无显著性意义。病例组缺血节段的MVG-L＋和MVG—L-较对照组相应节段明显降低。结论：MVG可定量评价局部心肌运动状态，为临床心功能评价提供有效指标。     

Relation of myocardial bridge to myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis

Background Small case series have suggested an association of coronary myocardial bridge （MB） with myocardial infarction （MI）.However,the relationship between MB and major adverse cardiac events （MACE） remains largely unknown.The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between MB and MACE involving MI.Methods We performed a systematic search of MEDLINE,PreMEDLINE,and all EMB Reviews as well as a reference list of relevant articles according to the SPICO （Study design,Patient,Intervention,Control-intervention,and Outcome） criteria using the following keywords：myocardial bridging,myocardial bridge,intramural coronary artery,mural coronary artery,tunneled coronary artery,coronary artery overbridging,etc.Bibliographies of the retrieved publications were additionally hand searched.Studies were included for the meta-analysis if they satisfied the following criteria：（1） they evaluate the association of MB with cardiovascular endpoint event; （2） they included individuals with MB and those without MB; 3） they excluded individuals with obstructive coronary artery disease （CAD）.Studies were reviewed by a predetermined protocol including quality assessment.Dates were pooled using a random effect model.Results Seven observational studies that followed 5 486 patients eligible for the enrolled criteria were included from 7 136 initially identified articles.The prevalence of MB was 24.8％ （1 363/5 486）.During 0.5-7.0 years of follow-up of this cohort of population,crude outcome rates were 8.0％ in the MB group and 7.7％ in the non-MB group.The odds ratio of overall MACE and MI were 1.34 （95％ confidence interval （CI）：0.57-3.17,P=0.51,n=7 studies） and 2.75 （95％ CI：1.08-7.02,P ＜0.03,n=5 studies） respectively for subjects of MB compared to non-MB.Conclusion Relationship between MB and MI appears to be a real one,although the study did not reveal a connection of MB to MACE,suggesting whether the necessity of antiplatelet therapy needs to be further studied in a larger cohort of patients with MB prospectively.     

心肌声学造影对急性心梗PCI术后心肌灌注的评价

目的:通过心肌声学造影(MCE)对急性心梗经皮冠状动脉支架术(PCI)后心肌灌注的情况进行判断,了解其对左心功能及左室重构的影响.方法:采用病例对照的研究方法,根据PCI术后1周的MCE检查,将急性心梗患者分为灌注正常组、灌注稀疏组和灌注缺失组,并随访检查3个月、6个月的左室射血分数(LVEF)及左室舒张末内径(LVDd)的变化情况,比较组内及组间不同时段LVEF与LVDd的变化.结果:PCI术后3个月灌注稀疏组LVEF恢复到正常;灌注缺损组PCI术后LVEF的平均水平随时间变化而逐渐降低;灌注缺损组患者的LVEF低于灌注稀疏组和灌注正常组(P<0.05);术后6个月灌注缺损组LVDd平均水平高于灌注正常组和灌注稀疏组(P<0.05),灌注缺损组随时间的变化左室内径逐渐增大(P<0.05).结论:急性心梗患者PCI术后心肌微循环较差时,其左室射血分数降低,左室内径增大;MCE有利于对急性心梗患者PCI术后左心功能及左室重构评估.     

超声心肌造影技术对心肌梗塞患者心肌微循环的定量评价

目的：探讨超声心肌造影技术在心肌梗塞(简称心梗)患者心肌微循环灌注改变中的应用价值。方法：对30例急性心梗患者进行超声心动图及心肌造影检查,观察患者梗塞区域(AMI组,同时以患者非梗塞区域为自身对照组)心肌微循环灌注并以CPS造影软件进行分析。结果：心肌梗塞患者梗塞区域心肌微循环灌注开始时间(AT)、达峰时间(APT)较同一切面内的非梗塞区域明显延长（P<0.05）,梗塞区域造影剂灌注的峰值强度(PI)及灌注速度(β)均明显低于同一切面内的非梗塞区域（P<0.05）。结论：超声心肌造影技术可以定量评价心梗患者心肌微循环灌注,具有重要的临床应用价值。     

急性心肌梗死心肌蛋白检测的临床评价

目的探讨心肌损伤标志物心肌蛋白检测在急性心肌梗死(AcuteMyocardialInfarction,AMI)诊断时的应用价值,减少急性心肌梗死漏诊、误诊发生率。方法测定35例AMI病人在发病的第4小时、8小时、24小时,5天等四个时间段的血清肌钙蛋白(IcTnI)、肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)及肌红蛋白(Mb)浓度,和对照组30例健康者体检时的血清相应项目数据对比并进行统计学处理。结果AMI患者发病后4￣8小时血清cTnI、cTnT开始上升,24小时达到峰值,5天仍维持在较高水平,其浓度以及阳性率与正常对照组比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05);而血清Mb在4￣8小时上升幅度更大,但24小时后浓度以及阳性率与正常对照组比较差异不显著(P>0.05)。结论在心肌梗死的早期诊断指标中,Mb的优势明显;cTnI、TnT可用于AMI的早期诊断,但更适用于那些因就诊时间较晚、心肌酶已正常的心梗病人。三者联测可更早、更可靠地提高心肌梗死诊断的准确率。     

急性心肌梗死急诊不同再灌注方案的临床分析

目的探讨长沙地区急性心肌梗死不同院前心肌再灌注方案的实际执行状况和效果。方法本研究为非随机、前瞻性试验。入选的急性心肌梗死病例被分为尿激酶(UK)组、重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(r-tPA)组、经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)组和非再灌注组,非再灌注组的病例予以低分子肝素、阿司匹林治疗,观察不同方案的实际实施状况及近期疗效、并发症和费用-效果比。结果①106例AMI病人,87例施行了再灌注治疗(82%),急诊PCI组24例(23%),r-tPA组27例(25%),UK组36例(34%);非再灌注19例(18%)。②再通率为UK组61.3%,r-tPA组81.5%,PCI组95.8%;入院至开始再灌注时间为UK组(38.52±16.21)min,r-tPA组(46.23±17.13)min,PCI组(98.47±20.42)min;入院至再通时间为UK组(73.21±11.34)min,r-tPA组(122.12±23.46)min,PCI组(132.73±13.67)min。③住院期心绞痛发生率,再发心肌梗死率,心衰发生率,病死率在PCI组优于r-tPA组,r-tPA组优于UK组,三组均显著低于非再灌注组。④费用-再通率比为PCI组33893.16元,r-tPA组16717.53元,UK组3037.52元。结论在AMI的实际临床治疗中,大部分病人接受了急诊再灌注治疗。UK方案仍是采用最多的方案,可以在较短时间内实现IRA再通,且费用-效果比低,但再通率偏低,近期效果不满意。急诊PCI的再通率和近期临床效果最佳,但容易受多因素影响而耽误开始再灌注治疗的时间,且费用-效果比高。r-tPA的再通率、近期临床效果均明显高于UK,恢复IRA再通的时间与PCI接近,费用-效果比显著低于急诊PCI,是个比较理想可行的AMI急诊再灌注方案。