急性脾破裂患者手术前后外周血淋巴细胞亚群的变化及临床意义

目的:观察急性脾破裂患者在脾切除后外周血淋巴细胞亚群水平的改变。探讨短期内脾切除术对机体免疫功能的影响。方法:利用流式细胞仪测定74例急性脾破裂患者在手术前后淋巴细胞亚群水平。结果:急性脾破裂患者手术后CD 3T淋巴细胞及CD 4T淋巴细胞较手术前升高(P<0.01);CD(16 56)细胞(即NK细胞)和CD 19B淋巴细胞较手术前降低(P<0.05);而CD 8T淋巴细胞及CD 4/CD 8较手术前无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:脾切除术后,短期内患者的免疫功能有改变。     

Changes in T,B, and NK Lymphocyte Subsets During and After Normal Pregnancy

PROBLEM: Pregnancy affects the maternal immune system and the clinical course of maternal diseases. Here we report the changes in the detailed lymphocyte subsets of helper T cells, suppressor T cells, CD5⁺ B cells, T cell receptor (TCR) αβ-positive T cells (Tαβ cells), TCRαβ-negative T cell (Tγδ cells), and others during and after pregnancy through to one year postpartum, and discuss the significance of the changes. METHOD: The absolute numbers of helper T cells, suppressor T cells, cytotoxic T cells, TCRαβ-negative T cells (Tγδ cells), CD5^— B cells, CD5⁺ B cells, and NK cell subsets were examined by two-color flow cytometry in peripheral blood from 51 healthy non-pregnant women, 106 healthy pregnant women, and 148 healthy postpartum women. RESULTS: In early pregnancy, the numbers of suppressor T cells and NK cells with strong cytotoxicity (NK⁺⁺⁺ cells) increased, and the number of cytotoxic T cells decreased. In late pregnancy, the helper T cell and NK⁺⁺⁺ cell numbers decreased. Tαβ, CD5^— B and CD5⁺ B cells decreased during pregnancy. After delivery, helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells increased from 1 to 4 months postpartum, and suppressor T cells increased at 7 months postpartum. TCRαβ-negative T cells increased at 4 to 10 months postpartum. Both CD5^— and CD5⁺ B cells decreased further at 1 month postpartum, but CD5⁺ B cells increased markedly at 7 to 10 months postpartum. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that 1) early increases of suppressor T cells and NK⁺⁺⁺ cells during pregnancy may be related to the mechanism to accept or reject the fetus in early pregnancy, respectively; 2) late decreases of helper T cells and NK⁺⁺⁺ cells may be related to the maintenance of pregnancy: 3) postpartum increases of helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, TCRαβ-negative T cells (Tγδ cells), and CD5⁺ B cells may be related to the postpartum aggravation of autoimmune diseases; and 4) the immunological effects of pregnancy remains until about 1 year after delivery.     

Lymphocyte Subsets and Autoantibodies in Pregnancies Complicated by Placental Disorders

PROBLEM: The survival of the fetoplacental unit might partly depend on down-regulation of rejection reactions. Pathological maternal cellular immune response mechanisms could therefore be of pathogenic importance in pregnancies complicated by placental disorders. METHOD: A flow-cytometric analysis of T-cell subsets and B-cell, as well as serological tests for anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL), antinuclear antibodies (ANA), and rheumatoid factor (RF) were done on 90 women with complicated pregnancies. The results were compared with that of nonpregnant women (n=5), and normal pregnant women (n=5) in the third trimester. RESULTS: Two women, suffering from severe preeclampsia and eclampsia respectively, had aCL on 12 and 13 units, respectively. ANA occurred in 11 patients with moderate and severe preeclampsia and intrauterine growth retardation. All women had negative RF tests. Within the CD4 T-helper subpopulations, the proportion of suppressor/inducer T-cell population (CD4+CD45RA+) significantly increased, while the memory and helper/inducer T-cells (CD4+CD45RO+ and CD4+CD29+) significantly decreased during normal pregnancy compared to nonpregnant controls. This deviation of CD4 subpopulations was not found, or was less pronounced, in complicated pregnancies. The proportion of cytotoxic T cells (CD8+S6F1+) was significantly reduced during normal pregnancy. This reduction was less pronounced in complicated pregnancies. CONCLUSION: Systemic immunological deviations toward suppression or decreased activity of the immunological response as seen in normal pregnancies, was not observed in preeclampsia, intrauterine growth retardation, intrauterine fetal death, and abruptio placentae. This lack of suppression or increased T-cell activity may have a primary pathogenic role in some women with a complicated pregnancy, or it may be secondary to the placental disorders.     

多发性硬化症发作期外周血和脑脊液淋巴细胞亚群的分析

为分析多发性硬化症 (MS )患者发作期淋巴细胞亚群及给予甲基强的松龙 (MP )治疗后的变化 ,流式细胞仪测定 2 6例处于复发期MS患者外周血 (PB )和脑脊液 (CSF )及 8例MS患者予MP治疗后PB淋巴细胞CD3+ 、CD4 + 、CD8+ 、CD4 5RA+ 、CD4 + /CD4 5RA+ 、CD4 + /CD2 9+ 、CD19+ 、CD5 + /CD19+ 的百分率。结果发现MS患者PB中CD8+ 、CD4 5RA+ 和CD4 + /CD4 5RA+ 百分率降低 ,CD4 + /CD2 9+ 百分率和CD4 + /CD8+ 比值升高 ;CSF中CD3+ 、CD4 + 、CD4 + /CD2 9+ 百分率和CD4 + /CD8+ 比值高于PB ;淋巴细胞亚群与临床伤残程度和距此次发作的时间无关 ;MP治疗不影响PB淋巴细胞亚群变化。表明MS患者淋巴细胞通过血脑屏障有选择性 ,淋巴细胞亚群的变化在MS发病机制中起作用     

Lymphocyte subsets and mitogen stimulation of blood lymphocytes in preeclampsia.

PROBLEM: The question of whether there are differences in systemic immune reactivity in severe preeclampsia compared with normal pregnancy was addressed. METHOD OF STUDY: During the third trimester, blood samples were taken from 12 pregnant women with severe preeclampsia. Five of the preeclamptic pregnancies were analyzed separately because they were treated with dexamethasone before the blood samples were taken. The seven dexamethasone-treated preeclamptic pregnant women were analyzed and compared with six uncomplicated pregnancies. A control group consisted of 15 nonpregnant females. Lymphocyte subsets were identified by flow cytometry. The function of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was studied as proliferative responses to mitogens alone and in combination with immunomodulating drugs. RESULTS: An increased number of B lymphocytes (CD19+) (P < 0.05) and natural killer (NK) cells (P < 0.05) was noticed in severe preeclampsia compared with normal pregnancy. The proliferative response of PBMCs in phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated cultures in autologous serum from patients with severe preeclampsia was reduced (P < 0.05) compared with normal pregnancy. The addition of indomethacin and cimetidine significantly stimulated (P < 0.05) the proliferative responses. The enhancing effect of cimetidine was not found in dexamethasone-treated preeclamptic patients. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of systemic immunosuppression in severe preeclampsia is demonstrated as a reduced proliferative response of PBMCs to PHA, which could be partly restituted by indomethacin or cimetidine, indicating immunosuppressor activity that is mediated by prostaglandin and histamine. Increased levels of B lymphocytes and NK cells were also noticed.     

Lymphocyte Subsets Defined by Monoclonal Antibodies in Human Pregnancy

ABSTRACT: Using monoclonal antibodies, indirect immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry, the proportions and absolute numbers of various lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood have been measured in normal human pregnancy. Groups of ten women were studied at 12, 28, and 36 weeks of gestation and compared with 16 nonpregnant control women. The percentage of T cells (OKT3 +) was constant throughout pregnancy, and this was confirmed in three women studied serially prior to and throughout early pregnancy. A slight fall in the proportion of helper cells (OKT4 +) and rise in the proportion of suppressor cells (OKT8 +) was observed at 12 and 28 weeks, but these changes, and the resulting fall in helper/suppressor ratio, were not statistically significant. Absolute lymphocyte counts determined by white cell count and differential were lower during pregnancy. The absolute numbers of T cells, helper cells, suppressor cells, and Ia-bearing cells (mainly B cells) were significantly lower at 36 weeks' gestation. T cells and helper cells were significantly reduced in absolute number at 12 weeks' gestation. There was no change in the ratio of T cells to B cells at any stage of gestation. The lack of any significant change in the balance between helper and suppressor cells in peripheral blood suggests that these cells are not important in the immune adaptation to pregnancy.     

T淋巴细胞亚群检测在呼吸系统性疾病的诊断价值

目的：探讨T淋巴细胞亚群检测在呼吸系统性疾病的诊断价值。方法：采用流式细胞术对呼吸系统性疾病和正常健康人体内淋巴细胞亚群检测,并通过检测数据分析其淋巴细胞亚群功能变化。结果：①肺结核组、肺炎组和肺癌组的CD3^＋、CD3^＋CD4^＋及T4／T8比值水平均明显低于正常对照组,差异均有极显著变化（P〈0．01）,而CD3^＋CD8^＋水平明显高于正常对照组,差异有极显著变化（P〈0．01）;②肺结核组、肺炎组与肺癌组T淋巴细胞亚群比较：CD3^＋、CD3^＋CD4^＋及T4／T8比值水平均明显高于肺癌组,差异均有极显著变化（P〈0．01）,而CD3^＋CD8^＋水平明显低于肺癌组,差异有极显著变化（P〈0．01）;③肺结核组与肺炎组比较：CD3^＋、CD3^＋CD4^＋、CD3^＋CD8^＋及T4／T8比值水平无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论：T淋巴细胞亚群参与了呼吸系统性疾病（肺结核、肺炎和肺癌）的病理过程,在其呼吸系统性疾病的发生、发展中起着十分重要的作用。因此,监测呼吸系统性疾病患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群,可对肺结核和肺炎患者的疗效作出评估和免疫增强提供理论依据,对肺癌患者的辅助免疫治疗支持参照。     

Lymphocyte subsets recirculate from blood to lymph at different rates in conscious sheep

Lymphocytes migrate and recirculate continuously between blood and lymph. The current study compared the migratory properties of lymphocyte subsets by labelling lymphocyte surface antigens and analysing simultaneous samples of mesenteric lymph, systemic arterial blood and mesenteric venous blood from conscious sheep. The lymphocyte output in lymph averaged 5.33±0.89×10⁶ min^–1 (lymph flow rate of 92±13 l min^–1, lymphocyte count 61.9±10.7×10⁹ l^–1, n=10) and the proportion of cells which carried the CD4 antigen (CD4⁺) was considerably higher in lymph (46±3 %) than in arterial blood (23±2 %; p<0.01, n=9). This increase was paralleled by a small but statistically significant decrease in the percentage of CD4⁺ cells in mesenteric venous blood(20±2 %), as compared with systemic arterial blood (26±2 %; p<0.05, n=6), which is consistent with the hypothesis that CD4⁺ cells migrate out of the blood vessels, and recirculate through the lymphatics, more readily than other lymphocyte subsets.     

中国人外周血淋巴细胞37种表型正常值的测定

目的:为分析和研究细胞及其膜表面蛋白的功能和机体免疫状态提供参考标准.方法:免疫荧光标记流式细胞仪分析.结果:获得100例健康人外周血淋巴细胞(PBL)37种表型的百分率均值和标准差.结论;本结果可作为人外周血淋巴细胞表型的正常参考值,供基础和临床研究参考.     

Flow Cytometry Analysis of Lymphocyte Subpopulations in Peritoneal Fluid of Women With Endometriosis

PROBLEM: We investigated the lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood (PB) and peritoneal fluid (PF) of women with and without endometriosis to evaluate if the decreased natural killer (NK)-mediated cytotoxicity in women with endometriosis was due to a quantitative defect or not. METHOD: The PB and PF mononuclear cells of 59 women undergoing a diagnostic laparoscopy for pain and/or infertility were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The number and concentration of PF mononuclear cells (MC) was increased in women with endometriosis compared to women without endometriosis. The monocyte/macrophage marker (CD14) was expressed on 70.3 and 66.9% of PFMC of women with and without endometriosis, respectively. The CD4/CD8 ratio was inverted in the PF, and this was more pronounced in women with endometriosis. In the PF of women with endometriosis, 41.3% of the lymphocytes were CD8 positive, compared to 34.3% in women without endometriosis. The percentage of NK positive lymphocytes in PF, using three different monoclonal antibodies directed against NK cell markers (CD57, CD 16, and CD56) were not different between women with and without endometriosis. In women with endometriosis, 12.7,9.5, and 28.8% of lymphocytes were CD57, CD16, and CD56 positive, respectively. CONCLUSION: PFMC consisted mainly of phagocytic and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-restricted or HLA unrestricted cytotoxic cells capable of reacting to various antigens entering the cavity from the lower genital tractus. Furthermore, the decreased NK activity reported in PB and PF of women with endometriosis was not likely to be caused by a quantitative defect, since the percentage of NK positive lymphocytes was not different between women with and without endometriosis.     

鼻咽癌组织中淋巴细胞亚群分布的观察与分析

应用4种单克隆抗体和ABC技术观察22例鼻咽癌组织中B(Leu-10~+)、T(Leu-5b~+)、Th(Leu-3a~+)、Ts/c(Leu-2b~+)淋巴细胞亚群的分布特点。结果发现,各种淋巴细胞亚群在鼻咽癌实质中的分布数量显著少于间质。多数鼻咽癌病例(19/22)T细胞数量多于B细胞,Ts细胞少于Th细胞。与慢性鼻咽炎比较,鼻咽癌中的T、B、Th细胞都明显减少,提示鼻咽癌病人局部的细胞免疫与体液免疫功能都下降。     

奥洛他定联合匹多莫德治疗慢性荨麻疹的疗效及对外周血淋巴细胞亚群影响

目的 观察奥洛他定联合匹多莫德口服对慢性荨麻疹患者临床疗效及外周血淋巴细胞亚群影响。方法 选择我院皮肤科门诊2018年1月~7月收治的56例慢性荨麻疹患者,按随机数表法均为A组和B组,各28例。A组单用奥洛他定治疗,B组采取奥洛他定联合匹多莫德治疗,另设健康对照组20例,治疗4周后比较A、B两组患者临床疗效,三组外周血T、B、NK淋巴细胞比例变化及不良反应发生率。结果 A组治疗总效率为57.14%,低于B组的92.85%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;A组治疗前后比较:CD3+、CD3+CD4+、CD19+、CD16+56+水平变化无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;CD3+CD8+增高、CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+降低,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;B组治疗前后比较:CD3+、CD19+水平变化无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,CD3+CD8+增高,CD3+CD4+、CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+、CD16+56+降低,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;治疗后,两组患者CD19+水平变化无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,A组患者CD3+、CD3+CD8+水平低于B组,CD3+CD4+、CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+、CD16+56+水平高于B组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;治疗过程中A组1例患者出现嗜睡、B组出现2例,均可耐受。结论 奥洛他定联合匹多莫德能有效治疗慢性荨麻疹,改善患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群水平,提高患者自身免疫力,安全有效。     

改良微量细胞毒试验检测外周血T、B细胞总数及T细胞亚群

本文介绍一种改良微量细胞毒试验。应用抗B细胞单克隆抗体和OKT单克隆抗体系统对86例健康成人外周血中T、B细胞总数及T细胞亚群进行了检测。本法具有简便,不需特殊仪器,在白细胞计数池内计数死活细胞,结果准确等特点,结果显示B细胞、OKT_3(总T细胞),OKT_4(辅助T细胞)和OKT_8(抑制/杀伤T细胞)占外周血淋巴细胞百分率分别为20.59±0.6％;66.42±0.8％;41.65±0.8％,27.19±0.7％。并且,观察到随年龄增加,OKT_3和OKT_4细胞降低。OKT_8细胞增加,T_4/T_8比值降低。文章还讨论了老年组OKT_4细胞显著降低的意义。     

Dichotomy of two CD8+ lymphocyte subsets in HIV infection. Depletion of CD8+ CD3- and expansion of CD8+ CD3+ subsets: consequence on the CD4/CD8 ratio.

In order to highlight the underlying mechanism(s) of the CD8 lymphocyte expansion in the HIV infection, two distinct CD8 subsets were analysed: T CD8bright+ CD3+ with MHC-restricted activity, and non-T CD8dim+ CD3-, which performs natural killer (NK) activity. It consists of a cross-sectional study including 168 HIV-infected patients (74 CDC stage II, 48 CDC stage III and 46 CDC stage IV) compared among them and to 60 healthy individuals. We observed an expansion of CD8+ CD3+ cells which masks a depletion of CD8+ CD3-. The comparative study showed that the expansion of the CD8+ CD3+ is relatively higher than that of total CD8+ lymphocytes and that the depletion of the CD8+ CD3- subset is severe, begins early and remains constant through the HIV progression. The comparison of CD4/CD8 and CD4/CD8+ CD3+ ratios showed that the latter could possibly be a better indicator in the HIV infection. The mechanism of inverted CD4/CD8 ratio in healthy individuals was also clarified. The CD8+ CD3+, CD8+ CD3- and CD4/CD8+ CD3+ parameters would be more specific markers than total CD8 and CD4/CD8 ratio especially in therapy trials.     

Lactation Stage-Dependent Changes of Lymphocyte Subpopulations in Mammary Secretions: Inversion of CD4+/CD8+ T Cell Ratios at Parturition

PROBLEM: Determination of lactation stage-dependent changes in levels of lymphocyte subpopulations in milk. METHOD: Flow cytometric assay was used to identify and assay lymphocyte subpopulations in bovine milk at different stages of lactation. RESULTS: Lymphocyte subpopulations in mammary secretions of dairy cows change during the lactation cycle. In involuting glands (dry gland), ～ 80–90% of lymphocytes were CD2⁺ T cells. The proportion of CD2⁺ T cells, however, decreased to ～ 50% at the colostral stage and fluctuated between 50 to 60% in normal (mature) milk. Throughout the lactation stages, less than 5% were B cells as identified by the monoclonal antibodies against CD21 and MHC class II antigens. Subset analysis showed, however, that the proportion of CD5⁺ T cells decreased from 90% in involuting gland secretions to 75% in colostrum (peripartum stage), and to ～ 40–50% in the normal (mature) milk. CD4⁺ T cells constituted between 45 to 55% of lymphocytes in the dry gland secretion but decreased drastically at parturition and maintained at the level below 20% throughout normal lactation. In contrast, the proportion of CD8⁺ T cells in the dry gland secretion was low, between 30 to 40%, but increased steadily, in an inversely-related manner with that of CD4⁺ T cells, to ～ 40–50% at parturition and maintained at ～ 30–40% during the normal lactation stage thereafter. Two-color immunofluorescence study revealed further that practically all of the CD8⁺ cells in dry gland secretions were CD2⁺, and approximately 40% of them were CD5^—. Throughout the lactation cycle, WC1⁺γδ T cells comprised only 2 to 5% of lymphocytes in mammary secretions. CONCLUSIONS: T lymphocyte subpopulations change dynamically during stages of the lactation cycle. The selective migration of T lymphocyte subpopulations to and from the mammary gland, and their functional roles in the immune competence and regulation of the dam and sucklings remain to be elucidated.     

发作期哮喘患者外周血T细胞亚群、B细胞和NK细胞的变化及临床意义

目的：探讨发作期哮喘患者外周血T细胞亚群、B细胞和NK细胞变化及临床意义。方法：采用直接免疫荧光法,用流式细胞术检测30例发作期哮喘患者和30例正常人对照的T细胞亚群、B细胞和NK细胞的变化。结果：与正常对照组比较,发作期哮喘患者CD4^＋T细胞、CD19^＋B细胞和CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值显著增高（P〈0．01）,CD8^＋T细胞显著下降（P〈0．01）和CD56^＋CD16^＋NK细胞下降（P〈0．05）。CD3^＋T细胞无明显变化。结论：发作期哮喘患者的免疫功能紊乱在哮喘发病中起着重要作用。     

急性髓系白血病患者治疗前后T淋巴细胞亚群测定的临床意义

为探讨急性髓系白血病患者治疗前后T淋巴细胞亚群变化的临床意义,选择初发确诊的急性髓系白血病患者30例(初治组); 经标准方案化疗,26例完全缓解(缓解组); 健康人30名(正常对照组).应用流式细胞术检测这三组人群T淋巴细胞亚群的变化情况.结果显示,初治组CD3+T 细胞、CD4+T细胞、CD8+T细胞百分率、CD4+...     

慢性疲劳综合征患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群及CD25^＋调节性T细胞表达的研究

研究慢性疲劳综合征（CFS）患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群及CD25＋调节性T细胞的表达情况。使用流式细胞仪检测84例CFS患者（CFS组）、50例健康体检者（健康对照组）外周血淋巴细胞亚群（T细胞、CD4＋T细胞、CD8＋T细胞、B细胞、NK细胞）及CD25＋调节性T细胞的表达情况。结果显示,CFS组与健康对照组的T细胞、CD8＋T细胞百分率以及CD4＋/CD8＋比值无显著差别（P〉0.05）;而CFS组NK细胞、CD4＋T细胞及CD25＋调节性T细胞百分率显著增高,B细胞百分率显著降低（P〈0.05）。结论：慢性疲劳综合征患者外周血淋巴细胞各亚群比例异常,提示其免疫功能失衡,而CD25＋T调节性细胞可能在该病进程中有重要意义。     

重症肌无力患者外周血中CD4~+CD25~+调节性T细胞的变化及意义

研究CD4 + CD2 5 + 调节性T细胞在重症肌无力 (MG )发病中的作用。本文采用三色流式细胞术对 2 9例MG患者和 2 3例健康对照者外周血中CD4 + CD2 5 + T细胞 (CD3+ CD4 + CD2 5 + )的百分率进行测定。结果显示病情未能很好控制的MG患者外周血CD4 + CD2 5 + T细胞比率略低于健康对照组 (分别为 3 79%± 1 4 0 %、 4 5 3%± 0 96 % ,P =0 12 ) ,病情稳定或缓解的MG患者CD4 + CD2 5 + T细胞比率 (8 4 5 %± 1 96 % )显著高于健康对照组 (P =0 0 0 0 1) ;胸腺切除的MG患者CD4 + CD2 5 + T细胞比率 (8 4 4 %± 2 39% )显著高于非胸腺切除的MG患者 (5 88%± 2 89% ,P =0 0 38)和健康对照组 (4 5 3%± 0 96 % ,P =0 0 0 3)。提示MG患者外周血中存在异常比例的CD4 + CD2 5 + 调节性T细胞 ,可能参与疾病的发生与发展。     

溃疡性结肠炎患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群检测的临床价值

目的 探究外周血淋巴细胞亚群检测在溃疡性结肠炎（ulcerative colitis,UC）诊断中的临床价值.方法 随机选择解放军总医院第一附属医院2011年1月至2013年12月溃疡性结肠炎确诊患者70例,健康体检人群39人,检测其外周血CD3、CD4、CD8、CD4/CD8四项免疫学指标.以SPSS16.0进行独立样本t检验,分析各项指标的诊断价值.结果 溃疡性结肠炎患者与健康人群相比,CD3、CD8差别不明显,CD4、CD4/CD8具有明显差别（P＜0.05）.结论 淋巴细胞亚群的检测对溃疡性结肠炎实验室诊断具有重要临床价值.