Sex Differences in Ischemic Stroke Readmission Rates and Subsequent Outcomes After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

Background and PurposePrior studies examining sex-related risk of readmission for ischemic stroke (IS) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) did not adjust for preoperative comorbidities and used small study samples that were single-center or otherwise poorly generalizable. We assessed risk of readmission for IS after CABG for females compared to males in a nationwide sample.MethodsThe 2013 Nationwide Readmissions Database contains data on 49% of all U.S. hospitalizations. We used population weighting to determine national estimates. Using all follow-up data up to 1 year after discharge from CABG hospitalization, we estimated Kaplan-Meier cumulative risk of IS, stratified by sex, using the log-rank test for significance. We created Cox proportional hazard models to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for IS readmission, with sex as the main independent variable. We ran unadjusted models and models adjusted for age, vascular risk factors, estimated severity of illness and risk of mortality, hospital characteristics, and income quartile of patient's zip code.ResultsAn estimated 53,270 females and 147,396 males survived index CABG admission in 2013. There was a consistently elevated cumulative risk of readmission for IS after CABG for females versus males (log-rank p-value = 0.0014). In the unadjusted Cox model, the HR of IS in females vs. males was 1.35 (95% CI 1.12–1.62, p = 0.0015). The elevated risk for females remained after adjusting for severity of illness (1.30 [1.08–1.56], p = 0.0056) and risk of mortality (1.28 [1.07–1.54], p = 0.0086). This elevated risk persisted after adjusting for multiple vascular risk factors, hospital characteristics, and income quartile of patient's zip code (1.23 [1.02–1.48], p = 0.03).ConclusionsWe found a 23% increased risk of readmission for IS up to 1 year after CABG for females compared to males in a fully adjusted model utilizing a large, contemporary, nationwide database. Further research would clarify mechanisms of this increased risk among women.     

Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Ischemic Stroke and TIA

Background and ObjectivesIschemic stroke (IS) and coronary artery disease (CAD) share common risk factors and one may be the harbinger of the other. We aimed to study prevalence of symptomatic and asymptomatic CAD in a cohort of consecutive patients with IS and assess its relationship with intracranial and extracranial large artery cerebrovascular disease (LAD).MethodsAll consecutive eligible IS and Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) patients were recruited into the study. Both clinically suspected and asymptomatic patients (N = 259) underwent myocardial Stress-rest Gated Technetium-99m (Tc99m) MIBI Myocardial Perfusion SPECT scan performed on a dual head SPECT-CT to estimate evidence of myocardial ischemia.ResultsThree hundred patients completed the study. Forty one patients were previously diagnosed cases of definitive CAD. Twelve patients were clinically suspected to have CAD and 247 patients were asymptomatic. Among these, 12 patients (4.81%) had a positive SPECT. The overall prevalence of CAD was 17.67% (n = 53). Presence of diabetes was an independent predictor of CAD (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.07-3.67. P .02). No significant association was found between the presence of LAD and CAD in all subgroup comparisons. However, there was a suggestion of higher LAD among patients with known CAD compared with others.ConclusionsCAD is prevalent in patients with ischemic stroke. No definitive relationship was found between CAD and intracranial or extracranial LAD. Population based stratification tools are needed to further assess the need to detect subclinical CAD in patients with stroke.     

冠状动脉搭桥术后神经系统并发症的研究现状

冠状动脉搭桥术后神经系统损害是术后常见的重要并发症之一。尽管对其确切的疗效仍有不同的看法,但非体外循环下冠状动脉搭桥术(Off-CABG)在临床上已经成为冠心病外科治疗的发展趋势。心脏术后神经系统并发症表现多样,但主要为脑卒中、脑病和认知功能障碍。多数脑卒中是可以预防的,加强术前检查和调整手术操作过程可降低术后脑卒中发生的危险性。     

自发性颈部动脉夹层与缺血性卒中

自发性颈部动脉夹层（spontaneous cervical artery dissection,SCAD）是青中年缺血性卒中的主要病因之一。SCAD是遗传、环境、感染等多因素疾病,其中,血管相关危险因素与SCAD的关系仍然存在争论。研究显示,SCAD引起的缺血性卒中以血栓栓塞机制为主,因此,抗凝、抗血小板治疗是SCAD的主要治疗方式,但目前尚缺乏随机对照试验对两种治疗方式的疗效进行对比。同时,多项单中心病例研究证实了血管内支架治疗SCAD的有效性和安全性。     

A Meta-Analysis of the Association between Microrna-196A2 and Risk of Ischemic Stroke and Coronary Artery Disease in Asian Population

Object

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) that affect the sncRNA function and target gene expression to mediate the risk of certain diseases. The association between the miR-196a2 rs11614913 and ischemic stroke (IS) and coronary artery disease (CAD) is still conflicting and inconclusive. This meta-analysis aimed at analysing studies which have been done so far to get a more precise assessment of the association between the mutation and these two diseases.

Outcomes in Severe Middle Cerebral Artery Ischemic Stroke

Background

Severe middle cerebral artery stroke (MCA) is associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. We assessed the hypothesis that patient-specific variables may be associated with outcomes. We also sought to describe under-recognized patient-centered outcomes.

Methods

A consecutive, multi-institution, retrospective cohort of adult patients (≤70 years) was established from 2009 to 2011. We included patients with NIHSS score ≥15 and infarct volume ≥60 mL measured within 48 h of symptom onset. Malignant edema was defined as the development of midline brain shift of ≥5 mm in the first 5 days. Exclusion criterion was enrollment in any experimental trial. A univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to model and predict the factors related to outcomes.

Results

46 patients (29 female, 17 male; mean age 57.3 ± 1.5 years) met study criteria. The mortality rate was 28 % (n = 13). In a multivariate analysis, only concurrent anterior cerebral artery (ACA) involvement was associated with mortality (OR 9.78, 95 % CI 1.15, 82.8, p = 0.04). In the malignant edema subgroup (n = 23, 58 %), 4 died (17 %), 7 underwent decompressive craniectomy (30 %), 7 underwent tracheostomy (30 %), and 15 underwent gastrostomy (65 %).

Conclusions

Adverse outcomes after severe stroke are common. Concurrent ACA involvement predicts mortality in severe MCA stroke. It is useful to understand the incidence of life-sustaining procedures, such as tracheostomy and gastrostomy, as well as factors that contribute to their necessity.     

责任动脉闭塞与夹层相关缺血性卒中复发的相关性分析

目的 寻找脑动脉夹层相关卒中复发的高风险影像学特征,探讨责任动脉闭塞与其复发的关系。方法 前瞻性连续性纳入2018年1月-2022年2月在郑州大学第一附属医院住院的首发脑动脉夹层相关卒中患者,通过MRI、MRA、CTA、HR-MRI及DSA等影像学方法评估血管闭塞、长节段夹层等影像学特征,长期随访其复发情况。通过单因素、多因素COX回归分析其复发的影响因素,构建Kaplan-Meier生存曲线评估血管闭塞与脑动脉夹层相关卒中复发的关系。结果 共纳入107例脑动脉夹层相关卒中患者,有10例（9.3%）患者复发。单因素及多因素COX回归分析提示,责任动脉闭塞是脑动脉夹层相关卒中复发患者预后不良的独立预测因子（HR 6.150,95%CI 1.227～30.810,P=0.027）,出血转化也与脑动脉夹层相关卒中复发显著相关（HR 12.605,95%CI 2.373～66.949,P=0.003）。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线提示,闭塞组与非闭塞组卒中复发率差异具有统计学意义（Log-rank P=0.001）。结论 责任动脉闭塞是脑动脉夹层相关卒中复发的危险因素,需要大样本研究进一步验证本研究结果,为二级预防提供更精准的帮助。     

颅内-颅外血管搭桥术治疗动脉粥样硬化性脑缺血

世界上首例颅内一颅外血管搭桥术(extracranial-intracranial bypass,EC-ICbypass)由Yasargil[1]在1967年完成,治疗大脑中动脉(middle cerebral artery,MCA)闭塞且合并马凡综合症(Marfan syndrome)的患者.随后这类手术方式被广泛运用.然而1977～1982年一项多中心,大样本,前瞻性临床研究发现:对于颈内动脉和(或)MCA粥样硬化性狭窄或闭塞患者,和药物治疗相比较,ECIC bypass对预防卒中再发生并不具备优势[2].     

后循环缺血性卒中与认知障碍相关性研究

目的 探究后循环缺血性卒中与认知障碍发生的关系。 方法 连续选取2013年11月至2014年11月浙江大学医学院附属第一医院及嘉兴市第二医院收治的急 性后循环缺血性卒中患者67例,收集患者人口学、影像学及认知功能评价资料,并通过磁共振成像 统计梗死部位;通过简明精神状态量表、阿尔兹海默病评定量表认知分量表、临床痴呆量表评估认 知功能;根据认知诊断标准同时结合认知功能评价结果,将患者分为认知功能正常组、血管性轻度 认知障碍组、血管性痴呆组。 结果 67例患者中,认知功能正常32例（47.8%）、血管性轻度认知障碍20例（29.9%）,血 管性痴呆15例（2 2.4%）。通过校正年龄、性别、汉密尔顿抑郁评分等因素后,多因素回归分 析显示：颞枕叶缺血性卒中［比值比（odd ratio,OR）75.89,95%可信区间（confidence interval, C I ）3.92～1 470.06）］增加认知障碍发生风险,脑桥缺血性卒中患者发生认知障碍的风险比 非脑桥缺血性卒中降低90%（OR 0.10,95%CI 0.02～0.60）;进一步分析显示,颞枕叶缺血性卒 中（OR 542.24,95%CI 7.85～37 481.44）增加轻度认知障碍发生风险;小脑缺血性卒中（OR 12.49, 95%CI 1.03～151.58）增加血管性痴呆发生风险。 结论 50%以上后循环缺血性卒中患者发生认知障碍;其中颞枕叶及小脑缺血性卒中增加认知障碍 发生风险,脑桥缺血性卒中与认知障碍发生无显著相关性。     

Intracranial Artery Calcification: A Newly Identified Risk Factor of Ischemic Stroke

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Calcification in cerebral arteries is understudied, although frequently observed on computed tomography of the brain (CT brain). We aimed to assess the incidence of intracranial artery calcification in ischemic stroke patients and to evaluate its correlation with ischemic stroke. METHODS: Our study included ischemic stroke patients and age-gender-matched nonischemic stroke patients referred for CT brain. RESULTS: One hundred and seventy-five ischemic stroke patients and 182 controls were enrolled. The highest prevalence of calcification was seen in intracranial internal carotid artery (IICA) (80.4%), and less commonly in the vertebral artery (35.6%). There was a higher prevalence of intracranial artery calcification in ischemic stroke patients than controls (92.6% vs. 76.4%, P < .001). Hypertension (OR = 2.056, 95% CI: 1.129 approximately 3.745), diabetes (OR = 2.483, 95% CI: 1.233 approximately 5.001), smoking (OR = 2.844, 95% CI: 1.542 approximately 5.243), intracranial artery calcification (OR = 3.172, 95% CI: 1.252 approximately 8.036), hyperlipidemia (OR = 6.714, 95% CI: 3.302 approximately 13.650), and atrial fibrillation (OR = 7.941, 95% CI: 2.790 approximately 22.599) were found to be independently associated with ischemic stroke. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated a higher incidence of intracranial artery calcification in ischemic stroke patients. Besides traditional risk factors, intracranial artery calcification was found to be an independent risk factor of ischemic stroke.     

特定温度模式与小动脉闭塞性缺血性卒中严重程度相关性的研究

目的 探讨寒冷和温暖两种不同温度模式下,气温与小动脉闭塞性缺血性卒中严重程度的相关性.方法 回顾性分析2018年1-12月于苏州大学附属第一医院神经内科住院治疗的小动脉闭塞性缺血性卒中患者的临床资料,记录患者住院当日平均温度、人口学特征、卒中严重程度(NIHSS评分)等资料,评估寒冷和温暖两种不同温度模式下卒中严重程度...     

大脑中动脉分布区缺血性卒中患者的临床和影像学特征及复发危险因素

目的 分析大脑中动脉（middle cerebral artery,MCA）分布区非心源性缺血性卒中患者的临床和影像 学特征及复发的危险因素。 方法 连续入选发病7 d以内的MCA分布区非心源性缺血性卒中患者。收集患者的人口学信息、血管 病的危险因素和发病时的主要症状及体征,评价患者的头颅磁共振影像包括急性梗死灶的部位、 数量、分布特征、责任动脉有无狭窄、缺血性卒中的病因分型。随访患者1年内有无缺血性卒中或短暂 性脑缺血发作（transient ischemic attack,TIA）复发,通过多元Logistic回归分析患者复发的危险因素。 结果 研究共入组926例患者,责任MCA狭窄≥70%的患者（447例）常见多发梗死灶（338例,75.6%） 和分水岭梗死（317例,70.9%）,而责任MCA无狭窄或狭窄程度<70%患者（479例）常见MCA穿支分 布区单发梗死灶（247例,55.3%）。冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病[比值比（odds ratio,OR）7.55,95%可 信区间（confidence interval,CI）2.85～20.0,P <0.001]、缺血性卒中病史（OR 3.49,95%CI 1.52～8.01, P =0.003）、缺血性卒中发病前3个月内反复TI A史（OR 22.7,95%CI 8.35～61.6,P <0.001）、新发梗死 灶为多发（OR 5.26,95%CI 1.33～20.8,P =0.018）是患者1年内缺血性卒中或TIA复发的危险因素。 结论 对于非心源性缺血性卒中患者,MCA分布区梗死灶的分布特征与MCA狭窄程度有关。新发梗 死灶为多发、既往有缺血性心脑血管病病史的患者1年缺血性卒中或TIA复发风险高。     

急性脑梗死超早期重组组织型纤溶酶原激活物溶栓治疗的临床研究

目的:探讨发病6h内急性脑梗死给予重组组织型纤溶酶原激活物(rt-PA)溶栓治疗的疗效及并发症,并分析预后相关因素。方法:共收集本院2001-2005年70例溶栓治疗的急性脑梗死病例,其中52例静脉溶栓,18例动脉溶栓,分析比较两组病例溶栓前后及3个月随访的ESS评分及Barthel指数结果;同时分析与预后相关的因素。结果:静脉和动脉溶栓组溶栓前及溶栓30min后ESS评分及Barthel指数迅速增加,溶栓前后分值有显著差异。1个月内颅内出血率为5.77%(静脉组)和16.67%(动脉组)。3个月时ESS评分及Barthel指数较溶栓后30min的评分有显著改善。结论:6h内动脉、静脉溶栓治疗均安全有效。