逆行髓内钉结合植骨治疗肱骨中远段骨折术后不愈合

[目的]探讨肱骨干中远段骨折内固定术后不愈合的原因及对策。[方法]2000年1月～2005年1月治疗肱骨干中远段骨折内固定术后不愈合27例，取出原有内固定后应用逆行髓内钉结合植骨治疗。[结果]随访6～32个月，平均16个月。骨折均愈合，患肢关节功能恢复良好，无伤口感染、髓内钉断裂及肱骨远端骨折等并发症。[结论]逆行髓内钉结合植骨是治疗肱骨干中远段骨折内固定术后不愈合的一种有效方法。     

Functional long-term outcome of the shoulder after antegrade intramedullary nailing in humeral diaphyseal fractures

Intramedullary nailing is one of the most commonly used surgical treatments for humeral diaphyseal fractures. Once an intramedullary fixation technique has been selected, the choice between antegrade or retrograde approach remains controversial. Forty patients with humeral diaphyseal fracture treated with Seidel antegrade intramedullary nailing through an "danterior deltoid incision" (ADI) were evaluated after an average period of 62 months. Clinical and functional evaluation of the shoulder was performed using the Constant Score. Results were excellent in 33 patients, good in 5 and acceptable in 2. Radiological assessment was performed using antero-posterior (AP) and latero-lateral (LL) radiographs of the humerus and AP and Neer radiographs of the shoulder. Radiographic findings demonstrated good consolidation of all fractures; nail and locking proximal screw malpositioning were detected in 2 cases (2 patients with acceptable results). The positive results obtained for shoulder function correlate with patient age and demonstrate that antegrade intramedullary nailing is a valid option for the treatment of humeral diaphyseal fractures, as long as it is performed through ADI access and with the appropriate surgical technique. Surgical technical errors will lead to functional problems of the shoulder, which in some cases will not be completely eliminated even after nail removal.     

交锁髓内钉在治疗肱骨干骨折中对肩关节功能的影响

目的　报告 1996～ 1998年间应用多种型号的交锁髓内钉治疗肱骨干骨折 2 5例的疗效。方法　对肱骨干骨折 2 5例采用交锁髓内针治疗。得到随访 2 1例。随访时间 8～ 32个月 ,平均 17个月。伤者年龄 18～ 70岁 ,平均 39岁。骨折类型 :横断形9例 ,粉碎形 2例 ,斜形 5例 ,螺旋形 5例。肱骨上 1/3骨折 4例 ,中 1/3骨折 16例 ,下 1/3骨折 1例。结果　按Neer评分法测定肩关节功能 ,13例 (6 2 % )合并有不同程度的功能障碍。结论　认为目前的交锁髓内针在治疗肱骨干骨折时会损伤到肩袖 ,因此在选用时应慎重。     

Rotational stability of Seidel nail distal locking mechanism

The intramedullary distal locking mechanism in the Seidel nail uses interference fit, avoiding the need of a screw traversing soft tissue and the risk of neurovascular injury. However, there is concern for its rotational stability. This study was designed to test the rotational stability of the distal locking mechanism under the least stable conditions. A transverse osteotomy was performed 10 cm proximal to the trochlea in 10 cadaveric humeri, followed by insertion of a 9 mm diameter Seidel nail and distally locked. The proximal humeral segments were removed. Rotational test to failure was performed with a material testing machine. The initial medullary diameter and the amount of flange spread measured 9.95 mm and 11.28 mm, respectively. Most of the flanges were found to be incompletely deployed. Failure occurred by slippage of the flanges. The average failure torque and torsional stiffness of the nail bone construct tested were 0.262 N m and 0.070 N m/ degrees . The Seidel nail distal locking mechanism has low rotational stability on mechanical testing. However, the low failure torque tested in vitro does not always preclude successful fracture healing and a good clinical outcome. Whether the presence of rotational micro motion would be beneficial to bone healing would need further investigation.     

髓内钉与钢板治疗肱骨干骨折79例疗效比较

目的　比较交锁髓内钉与加压钢板治疗肱骨干骨折的疗效以提高肱骨干骨折的治疗水平。方法　手术治疗 79例 ,肱骨干骨折 ,其中肱骨加压钢板内固定 5 6例 ,交锁髓内钉固定 2 3例 ,骨折均为闭合性 ,比较两种技术的手术时间、住院时间、骨折愈合时间等疗效指标和桡神经损伤、骨不连、肩关节功能障碍等并发症发生情况。结果　与钢板内固定相比 ,髓内钉内固定操作的手术时间短 (P <0 0 1) ,骨折愈合时间提前 (P <0 0 1) ,而住院时间两者之间没有统计学差异 (P >0 0 5 )。髓内钉内固定未发生骨不连 ,钢板有 9例出现骨不连接。暂时性的桡神经麻痹钢板与髓内钉分别为 6例、 1例 ,肩功能功能障碍分别为3例、 5例 ,所有病例未发生骨感染。结论　与钢板相比交锁髓内钉治疗肱骨干骨折的治愈率高 ,并发症少。     

MultiLoc髓内钉技术在肱骨近端骨折中的应用和体会

目的 探讨MultiLoc髓内钉治疗肱骨近端Neer分型Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ部分骨折中的技术应用以及临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2017年12月至2019年12月手术治疗的肱骨近端骨折患者共70例,具备完整随访资料者61例,其中男24例、女37例;年龄23～81岁,平均年龄(58.02±13.44)岁;Neer分型:Ⅱ部分骨折17...     

分叉交锁髓内钉治疗肱骨干骨折

目的探讨分叉交锁髓内钉(BILN)治疗肱骨干骨折的临床效果.方法应用BILN治疗28例肱骨干骨折,根据术后肩肘关节活动范围对其功能进行评价.结果所有患者获平均9个月的随访,骨折均愈合.肩肘关节功能评价:优16例,良9例,差3例.术后没有继发性桡神经损伤,无切口感染,无骨不连.结论BILN治疗肱骨干骨折是一种固定可靠、并发症少、骨折愈合率高、功能恢复良好的方法.     

Intramedullary osteosynthesis of complex proximal femoral fractures with the Targon PF nail

We evaluated the performance of the Targon PF nailing system in the treatment of complex proximal femoral fractures with a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data for 94 patients with a complex proximal femoral fracture (subtrochanteric fracture or fracture with reversed fracture line pattern) treated with a Targon PF nail. There were no intra-operative femoral fractures. Late complications requiring reoperation were one femoral fracture and one fracture around the nail secondary to tumour. Seven nails had to be dynamised and a further six 'self-dynamised' at the site of the distal locking screw. One patient required revision of the distal locking. Only one other patient required secondary surgery for a wound haematoma. There were no cases of implant cut-out or non-union. The Targon PF nail represents a progressive development in the design of intramedullary nails for proximal femoral fractures and the results compare favourably with other intramedullary systems used to treat complex proximal femoral fractures.     

HUCKSTEP INTRAMEDULLARY NAILING FOR NON-UNION OF HUMERAL SHAFT FRACTURES

Background : Various techniques of internal fixation for non-union of humeral shaft fractures have been attempted, leading to union rates of between 50 and 90% with persisting non-union causing pain and disability. Some of these techniques have led to shoulder and elbow dysfunction. Methods : Eight patients treated with Huckstep nail fixation for humeral shaft non-union were reviewed and the rate of union was determined. Elbow and shoulder function were assessed as well as the presence of pain or disability. Results : Union was achieved in seven of the eight patients (87.5%). Four patients had occasional mild pain after union. All patients achieved good arm function. Average shoulder abduction was 157° and flexion 151° excluding one patient with antecedent advanced osteoarthrosis of the gleno-humeral joint. No patient experienced any permanent neurological deficit. Conclusions : Huckstep nail fixation achieved union rates comparable to or higher than the other techniques of internal fixation for non-union of humeral shaft fractures. Unlike the various methods of closed nailing, Huckstep nail fixation is not associated with shoulder and elbow dysfunction. It should be considered as a therapeutic option in humeral shaft fracture and non-union, especially where the fracture site needs to be opened.     

Interlocking nailing of humeral shaft fractures

In this retrospective study 48 humeral shaft fractures in 48 patients were operated on using the Seidel interlocking nail. The length of follow-up ranged from 6 to 60 months (median, 26 months). The treatment of fractures was satisfactory with the Seidel nail, but we emphasize the importance of countersinking the tip of the nail into the humeral head to avoid impingement. In 5 of 12 patients with non-unions, the procedure failed, and we found that the distal locking seemed to be inadequate. Pathological fractures (i.e., those caused by metastatic tumors) were all efficiently treated with the Seidel nail. Received for publication on Sept. 30, 1997; accepted on Feb. 2, 1998     

Humeral shaft non-union after intramedullary nailing

Background

The humerus shaft is one of the sites with the largest probability of developing pseudoarthrosis after fracture. We present the results of nine patients with atrophic pseudoarthrosis of humeral shaft treated with angular stability plate associated with allograft and platelet-rich plasma (PRP), after a first treatment with intramedullary nail to correct the fracture.

Material and Methods

From January 2012 to December 2014, nine patients were treated for atrophic pseudoarthrosis (PSA) of humeral shaft treated previously using intramedullary nail; seven humeral diaphysis fractures were located in the middle–proximal third and two in the middle third. In one case, a reverse shoulder prosthesis implant was associated to treat a co-existent rotator cuff massive lesion. The mean time between injury and treatment of non-union was 32 weeks (min 16–max 180); all patients were evaluated with Constant, DASH and UCLA score.

Results

At the final follow-up (23.7 months), the mean Dash score was 22.25 pt, the Constant score was 64 pt, and the UCLA score value was 27 pt. The average pain value was 2 for the arm interested and 0 into PSA focus. Radiographic healing was obtained at 7 months.

Conclusions

The humeral shaft non-union is an invalidating problem which affects the daily living. Our treatment with plate, cortical bone graft, and PRP can build a high-stability structure that can help healing and graft integration.

     

交锁髓内钉与锁定钢板内固定治疗Neer 2、3部分肱骨近端骨折疗效比较

目的比较肱骨近端锁定钢板与交锁髓内钉内固定治疗Neer 2、3部分肱骨近端骨折的疗效。方法回顾性分析自2012-01—2014-12诊治的128例Neer 2、3部分肱骨近端骨折,采用肱骨近端锁定钢板内固定治疗70例(锁定钢板组),采用交锁髓内钉内固定治疗58例(髓内钉组)。比较2组切口长度、手术时间、术中出血量、骨折愈合时间,以及术后12个月Constant-Murley肩关节功能评分及VAS评分。结果 128例均获得随访14~18个月,平均16.2个月。与锁定钢板组比较,髓内钉组手术时间更少,切口长度更短,术中出血量更少,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);但2组骨折愈合时间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后12个月时,锁定钢板组与髓内钉组Constant-Murley评分、VAS评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。锁定钢板组并发症发生率为34.3%,髓内钉组并发症发生率为24.1%,但2组并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论交锁髓内钉和锁定钢板内固定治疗Neer 2、3部分肱骨近端骨折均可获得可靠疗效。在临床工作中,需综合考虑患者骨折情况、骨质疏松程度,以及术者手术操作熟练程度,合理选择内固定手术方案。     

带锁髓内钉与锁定加压钢板内固定治疗肱骨干骨折的随机对比研究

目的前瞻性对比研究带锁髓内钉和带锁加压钢板(LCP)治疗肱骨干骨折的临床效果。方法随机将49例分成两组(髓内钉28例;LCP组21例)。患者全部为新鲜肱骨干骨折,骨折部位距肱骨外科颈至少3cm,距尺骨鹰嘴大于5cm。临床疗效评价包括手术时间、出血量、骨折愈合情况、桡神经恢复、感染和肘关节、肩关节不适症状,影像学评价包括骨折力线、愈合时间、延长愈合和不愈合的发生率。结果平均随访1.5年。LCP组19例(90.5)骨折在16周后愈合,髓内钉组24例(85.7)在16周后愈合(P=0.70)。肩关节疼痛和肩关节活动受限在髓内钉组发生明显(P<0.05),而LCP组未发现这种情况。LCP组肘关节的活动范围明显减少(P<0.05),尤其是肱骨干远端1/3骨折患者。两组总并发症发生率比较无明显差异。结论对于需要手术治疗的肱骨干骨折,髓内钉和LCP都能使骨折稳定以达到最终愈合。     

旋入式自锁髓内针逆行导入法治疗肱骨干骨折的疗效分析

目的 探讨旋人式自锁髓内针治疗眩骨干骨折的优点及手术方法。方法 采用切开复位旋人式自锁髓内针逆行导人方法治疗15例肱骨干骨折。结果 随访15例，其中14例完全骨性愈合，1例骨折延迟愈合，13例肩关节功能恢复正常，无疼痛，2例肩关节外展上举功能受限。结论 旋入式自锁髓内针逆行导人法治疗肱骨干骨折，其操作简单，创伤小，疗效可靠。     

Results of non-operative and operative treatment of humeral shaft fractures. A series of 104 cases

The aim of this study was to examine the results of different modalities applied in the treatment of 104 fresh diaphyseal fractures of the adult humerus treated in the department between January 1994 and March 1997. These results were classified according to the criteria described by Stewart and Hundley. 32 patients (30.8%) were treated non-operatively using a sling and a moulded plaster splint. The type of treatment had to be changed in 12 of these patients due to 14 different complications that occurred during the course of non-operative treatment. Thus, 20 patients (62.5%) underwent non-operative treatment until fracture-union. The results in this group were: very good in 12 cases (60%), good in 5 cases (25%), fair in 3 cases (15%). 28 fractures were treated using plates and screws. 4 events (14%) occurred during in the post-operative period and, apart from 2 cases of non-union, the overall result in the 26 patients in whom the fracture united was: very good in 23 cases (88.5%) and good in 3 cases (11.5%). 22 patients (21.1%) underwent fixation using multiple flexible intramedullary wires via a supracondylar approach. Apart from one case of non-union, the final result in the 21 patients in whom the fracture united was: very good in 9 cases (42.8%), good in 9 cases (42.8%), fair in 2 cases (9.5%) and poor in 1 case (4.9%). 22 fractures were treated using an intramedullary Seidel nail. The final result in these patients was: very good in 11 cases (50%), good in 9 cases (41%) and poor in 2 cases (9%). The indications for treatment should be eclectic. Non-operative treatment remains the method of choice for undisplaced or minimally-displaced fractures or comminuted fractures with multiple parallel longitudinal fracture-lines over the middle-third, while surgical treatment is considered for displaced fractures and essentially depends upon the type and level of the fracture. Transverse and short oblique fractures are treated using a plate or a Seidel nail. Fractures with a third fragment require plate osteosynthesis. Multiple flexible intramedullary wires are used for segmental fractures or for diaphyseal fractures associated with fractures of the neck of the humerus. Comminuted fractures are realigned using an intramedullary Seidel nail or multiple flexible wires. As far as the site of fracture is concerned, those of the proximal and middle thirds of the humerus are well treated using an intramedullary nail or multiple wires or with a plate, while plating is most often the method of choice for fractures of the distal-third.     

应用肱骨近端锁定型髓内针治疗肱骨近端骨折的临床疗效分析

目的探讨应用肱骨近端髓内针治疗肱骨近端两部分外科颈骨折的疗效。方法回顾性分析22例应用锁定型肱骨近端髓内针治疗两部分外科颈新鲜骨折患者的临床资料,患者平均年龄57岁。最终随访时拍摄肩关节X线片以评价愈合情况,并应用可视模拟评分法（VAS）评分,美国肩肘外科医师评分（ASES）,Constant-Murley评分,UCLA评分以及简易肩关节测验（SST）问卷评估。结果所有患者均获随访,平均随访时间为13个月,22例患者骨折均在术后8周内初步愈合。随访过程中未出现感染、肱骨头坏死以及任何与内固定物有关的并发症。术后患肢主动前屈上举平均为147．8°,主动体侧外旋平均为45．5°,主动内旋平均达T10水平。术后患者疼痛VAS评分平均为1．5。平均ASES评分为81．2,Constant-Murley评分为85．4,UCLA评分为29．9,SST评分为9．5。18例患者的肩关节功能评估为优或良,4例患者肩关节功能评估为差。结论闭合复位、锁定型肱骨近端髓内针固定术是治疗肱骨近端两部分外科颈骨折的一种有效的手术方式。     

交锁髓内钉治疗肱骨近端骨折

目的探讨肱骨近端交锁髓内钉治疗肱骨外科颈骨折临床效果。方法应用肱骨近端交锁髓内钉治疗14例肱骨近端二部分外科颈骨折和9例三部分大结节骨折患者。结果患者均获随访,时间12~28个月,骨折均骨性愈合。按照Constant-Murley肩关节评分标准评价为65~95分,其中优12例,良7例,一般4例。结论应用肱骨近端交锁髓内钉治疗肱骨近端二部分外科颈骨折和三部分大结节骨折,减少了软组织损伤,可早期行关节功能锻炼,是一种安全有效治疗方法。     

Intramedullary tibial nailing in distal third tibial fractures: distal locking screws and fracture non-union

Distal third tibial fractures are prone to non-union following tibial nail insertion. The purpose of this study was to assess the union of distal third tibial fractures in patients who have undergone intra-medullary (IM) tibial nailing with one versus two distal locking screws. Sixty-five patients who had intramedullary tibial nail fixation were retrospectively analysed. Our results showed that 80% of non-unions in distal third fractures had only one distal locking screw compared to 20% who had two distal locking screws. This is statistically significant (p<0.01). We therefore conclude that two distal locking screws are essential for distal third fractures.     

A new modular nail for the diaphyseal fractures of the humerus

Over a period of 5 years, 63 traumatic and eight pathological diaphyseal humeral fractures were treated with a new modular humeral nail. The nail is cannulated, square in shape - with concave sides - and has two different extensions that can be used with either the antegrade or the retrograde approach. Adequate rotational and axial stability is provided without the need for distal locking screws in the majority of fractures, while the need for proximal locking screws during the antegrade procedure is abolished. This study aims to present the ‘Garnavos’ nail and the results of its use, along with proposals and guidelines that should be considered whenever intramedullary nailing is selected for the treatment of diaphyseal humeral fractures.     

肱骨干骨折顺行与逆行髓内针固定的病例 对照研究

目的：比较肱骨干骨折顺行与逆行髓内针固定的疗效。方法：入选1999年3月至2006年10月间有完整随访资料的肱骨干骨折105例,分为顺行髓内针组（A组）82例,逆行髓内针组（B组）23例。对两组的手术时间、术中出血量、并发症发生率、骨折愈合时间、骨折愈合率、Constant—Murley肩关节功能评分和Mayo肘关节功能评分等指标进行比较。结果：随访时间平均（31．2±20．9）个月。两组的手术时间、骨折愈合时间、愈合率及并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。B组术中出血量大于A组（P=0．002）。A组有4例（4．9％）不愈合,8例（9．8％）发生肩痛伴肩关节活动度减小,B组3例（13．0％）术中发生医源性骨折。A组肩关节功能评分低于B组（P=0．04）,肘关节功能评分两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：顺行与逆行髓内针固定均是治疗肱骨干骨折的有效方法,但逆行髓内针固定医源性骨折发生率较高,应正确选择和制备髓内针入点。顺行髓内针固定有较高的肩痛和肩关节活动度减小的并发症发生率,注意将髓内针尾埋于肩袖下方,细致保护和修复肩袖,术后进行合理的康复练习,有利于减少肩痛和改善肩关节功能。