60岁以上尿毒症患者肾移植的临床观察

目的：探讨高龄尿毒症患者尸体肾移植手术的适应证、免疫抑制剂的应用和T细胞亚群、ICAM—1对急性排斥的监测治疗及并发症的防治。方法：对37例60～71岁尿毒症患者进行尸体肾移植手术，术后进行各项指标监测。结果：1年人／肾存活率为83．8％／75．7％；3年为78．6％／67．9％，5年为72．2％／55．6％。急性排斥发生率为24．3％。结论：合理应用免疫抑制剂及监测和治疗急性排斥反应，降低术后并发症是提高高龄患者肾移植存活率的重要因素。     

高龄尿毒症患者尸肾移植的临床研究

我院自１９９３年４月～１９９９年３月间共施行尸体肾移植术２６８例,其中５０岁以上高龄３５釜,手术后取得良好效果,现报告如下。１　临床资料１．１　一般资料５０岁以上高龄患者３５例,其中男性２３例,女性１２例,年龄最大者７０岁,平均年龄为５９岁。原发症均为慢性肾炎、尿毒症。３２例伴有高血压,３例有心功能衰竭史。与同期接受肾移植的年龄在３５岁以下的青年组８３例进行对照比较。１．２　移植前准备术前全部进行心脏彩色Ｂ超、胸片、胃镜检查,无心血管并发症及感染灶,无活动性消化道溃疡,心胸比例严格控制在５５％以…     

高龄与青年脑出血患者临床特点对比分析

目的对比分析高龄(80岁以上)与青年(40岁以下)脑出血患者的不同临床特点。方法对44例高龄与37例青年脑出血患者进行回顾性分析。结果高龄与青年组比较,高龄组女性比例增高,发病时以偏瘫症状多见,而头痛、意识障碍发生率较青年组少;两组高血压发生率均较高,老年组尤著,同时其他合并症发生率明显高于青年组;两组出血部位以壳核为多见,青年组脑室出血比例高;高龄组死亡人数多,但两组未见统计学差异。结论高龄与青年脑出血患者在发病和临床表现等方面有所不同。     

60岁以上尿毒症患者肾移植的临床观察

目的：探讨高龄尿毒症患者尸体肾移植手术的适应证、免疫抑制剂的应用和Ｔ细胞亚群、 ＩＣＡＭ－１对急性排斥的监测治疗及并发症的防治。方法：对３７例６０￣７１岁尿毒症患者进行尸体肾移植手术，术后进行各项指标监测。结果：１年人／肾存活率为８３．８％／７５．７％；３年为７８．６％／６９．９％，５年为７２．２％／５５．６％。急性排斥发生率为２４．３％。结论：合理应用免疫抑制剂及监测和治疗急性排斥反应，降低术后     

尸体肾移植203例次报告

目的：探讨尸体肾移植的临床特点。方法：总结我院1992年12月－2001年4月197年例203例次尸体肾移植临床资料。结果：①本组1、3、5年人／肾存活率分别为94．2％、89．0％、87．6％／78．8％、75．0％／66．7％。②高危尿毒症患者118例,其中1、3、5年人／肾存活率分别为92．5％／87．7％、83．1％／76．1％、68．2％、54．5％,与普通尿毒症患者间的差异无统计学意义。③肾移植术后主要的严重并发症为肺部感染、心功能衰竭、肝功能严重损;是肾移植术后死亡的主要原因。④肾移植术后恶性肿瘤发生率为2．5％。结论：①尸体肾移植有较满意的人／肾存活率。②肾移植术后免疫抑制剂的合理应用,对术后并发症的预防和及时治疗是提高尸体肾移植人／肾存活率的重要因素。     

超高龄老年缺血性心脑血管病患者的血清铁水平

目的：观察年龄i〉90岁的超高龄缺血性心脑血管病（ICCVD）患者的血清铁水平及血清铁对该人群ICCVD发生率的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析本院75例,≥90岁的超高龄ICCVD患者的临床资料及血清铁水平,取同期48例年龄≥90岁的超高龄无ICCVD病史者作对照组,比较ICCVD组及对照组血清铁水平,用ROC曲线,评价血清铁对ICCVD的诊断价值。结果：两组超高龄患者共123例的总血清铁浓度为（10．09±0．61）μmol／L,ICCVD组、对照组血清铁浓度分别为（11．50±5．85）和（7．67±6．40）μmol／L,组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。血清铁对CHD的诊断价值的ROC曲线下,面积为（0．64±0．06）,有一定的诊断价值（P〈0．05）,其中,当取血清铁浓度为10．30μmol／L时,诊断价值最高（敏感性0．51、特异性0．81、Youden指数为0．32）。结论：年龄≥90岁的超高龄ICCVD患者血清铁水平虽与非ICCVD患者组间有显著差异,但以血清铁水平来判断ICCVD发生率的诊断价值较低。     

高龄老年人冠脉介入诊疗后造影剂肾病发生及相关因素分析

目的探讨高龄老年人造影剂肾病（CIN）的发生率及临床相关危险因素。方法将412例行冠脉介入诊疗老年患者分为高龄组（t〉75岁,n=183）和非高龄组（60～75岁,n=229）进行回顾性分析,比较临床特点、手术前后肾功能变化,CIN的发生率并观察水化治疗的效果。评价高龄老年患者发生CIN的危险因素。结果高龄组患者合并有更多的基础疾病,其CIN总发生率明显高于非高龄组（25．2％VS10．5％;P〈0．05）。两组CIN患者术后1、3d血清肌酐水平（Scr）较术前明显升高（P〈0．01）,术后7d恢复到基础水平。单因素Logistic回归分析显示,高龄组发生CIN的危险因素有高血压、心肾功能不全、糖尿病、糖尿病合并肾功能不全、造影剂用量等。结论高龄老年患者CIN的发生率较高,其原因和年龄、危险因素比例增加有关,应在术前慎重评价其危险因素并给予充分的水化治疗。     

老年人上消化道出血141例临床分析

我院1989～199O年，共收治60岁以上老年人上消化道出血141例，为探讨其临床特点，以100例35岁以下患者进行比较．现报道如下：1．性别与年龄：老年组141例，男性121例，女性20例，年龄60～78岁，其中60～70岁占73％。青年组100例，男70例，女30例。2．病因：根据纤维胃镜和／或手术、胃肠钡餐、病理检查确定。老年组出血病因以消化性溃疡最多（61例占43．2％），青年组。44例，占44％。老年组胃癌居第二位，青年组急性胃粘膜病变占第二位，因此，老年人上消化道出血多注意胃癌的可能。3．临床表现：老年人消化性溃疡症状不典型，腹痛无规律…     

透析低血压的相关因素

目的：探讨与透析低血压密度相关的临床因素。方法：总结了１９９５年４月至１９９７年５月我院维持性血液透析１１４例患者共６４３１次透析不同年龄、性别组透析低血压的发生率,分析了不同年龄与性别组超滤量与透析低血压发生率的关系;多因素逐步回归分析了透析低血压发生率与年龄、性别、血红蛋白、血浆白蛋白、ＫＴ／Ｖ、ＴＡＣ７ｕｒｅａ及透析膜的关系。结果：本组资料透析低血压发生率为７．０３％,其中青年组８．１９％、     

176例高龄食管癌的临床分析

目的探讨高龄食管癌患者的临床特点以及影响手术切除疗效的主要因素。方法回顾性分析我院12年来行食管癌根治术的1021例患者的临床资料，其中高龄组（年龄〉165岁）176例，低龄组（年龄〈60岁）845例。结果高龄组术前77．8％有合并症，低龄组术前9．5％有合并症，组间比较有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。高龄食管癌患者主要合并症为呼吸衰竭、肺部感染、心律失常、心力衰竭及肾功能衰竭。高龄组术后并发症发生率为52．27％，低龄组为13．15％，两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。而两组围术期死亡率分别为4．55％和2．49％，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论高龄患者术前有较多合并症，术后并发症发生率也高于对照组，而手术死亡率无明显增加。积极的围手术期处理是提高高龄食管癌手术切除疗效的关键。     

Cadaveric liver transplant from older donors

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of cadaveric donor age on outcomes following orthotopic liver transplantation OLT. METHODS: Data were collected on all patients who underwent OLT between January 1997 and December 2004 at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. During this period, 313 OLTs were performed: 51 patients 16% received older donor livers OD; 60 or more years old, and 262 84% received younger donor livers YD; less than 60 years old. RESULTS: In the study group 313 patients, we found significantly more recipients of OD liver with blood group O: 51% versus 33% p=0.025 and with fulminant hepatic failure: 9.8% versus 5% p=0.018 compared to YD recipients. No difference between OD and YD liver recipients was found in initial poor graft function: 16/51 31% versus 74/262 28%, primary non-functioning: 6.5% versus 6.5%, the overall graft loss: 15/51 29% versus 62/262 24%, post-revascularization liver biopsy steatosis: 14/40 35% versus 82/232 36% or hepatic artery thrombosis: 1/51 2% versus 8/262 3%. There was no difference in graft actuarial survival between OD and YD recipients at 1, 3, and 5 years, 82% versus 87%, 75% versus 81%, and 75% versus 77% p=0.27 log rank or patient actuarial survival, 86% versus 89%, 79% versus 83%, and 79% versus 80% p=0.336 log rank. CONCLUSION: Orthotopic liver transplantation can be achieved with acceptable outcomes using selected livers from older deceased donors.     

预致敏状态对肾移植效果的影响

目的　研究移植前预致敏状态对移植肾生存率的影响。方法　分析我院 175例次再次肾移植的 1、2、3年移植肾存活率 ,及肾移植受者术前血清群体反应抗体 (PRA )水平对移植肾存活率的影响。结果　再次移植 1、2、3年的移植肾存活率分别为 6 0 .2 %、48.5 %和 34 .4% ,明显低于首次移植的 82 .7%、71.8%和 5 0 .6 %。在近 3年32 0例淋巴毒交叉配型结果 (CDC)≤ 5 %的患者中 ,有 40例患者血清的 PRA≥ 5 0 % ,其中 14例为首次移植 ,移植肾的一年存活率为 79.5 % ,2 6例为再次移植 ,存活率为 6 1.5 % (P<0 .0 5 )。而 2 80例血清 PRA <5 0 %的患者移植肾一年存活率 ,首次移植者为 89.3% ,再次移植者为 79.2 % (P<0 .0 5 )。结论　本研究结果表明 ,移植前患者的 PRA水平以及再次移植是影响移植肾存活率的重要因素。     

Transplantation of kidneys from living related donors. Comparison with cadaveric kidney transplantation

In a series of 271 transplantations of renal allografts, performed over 10 years, the rates of graft survival, patient survival, and morbidity in the recipients of allografts from living related donors (47 allografts) have been compared with those in the recipients of cadaveric allografts (224 allografts). The one-year graft survival rates were 88% for allografts from living related donors (100%, if these were HLA-identical) and 55% for cadaveric allografts, while the patient survival rates were 97% and 87%, respectively, in the same period. Morbidity rates (expressed as the number of days spent in hospital) for recipients of allografts from living related donors were approximately 50% of those for recipients of cadaveric grafts. Complications in the living related donors were minimal, and acceptable. It is concluded that transplantation of allografts from living related donors has many advantages over transplantation of cadaveric kidneys, and is a valuable adjunct to a cadaveric renal transplantation programme. Greater use of living related kidney donors should be encouraged in Australia.     

Long term outcome of renal transplantation in the pre cyclosporin era: One centre’s experience

The number of renal transplants has been increasing steadily over the last twenty years. This increase has been associated with a significant improvement in the one year graft and patient survival. However, as survival improves, long term complications are becoming more clinically important. We, therefore, retrospectively reviewed our experience of renal transplantation in 165 patients between January 1970 and December 1980, and describe in detail the complications experienced by those whose grafts functioned for 10 years or longer. The 10 year patient survival rate was 47% and graft survival rate was 30%. The graft survival rate for living related grafts was superior to that of cadaveric grafts. The major cause of mortality in the first year following renal transplantation was infection and in subsequent years, cardiovascular disease predominated. Patients whose grafts functioned for 10 years or more developed a variety of complications including infection, skin cancer and hepatic dysfunction. Clinicians involved in the long term care of the patients need to be aware of these problems and skilled in their management.     

Analysis of costs and outcomes of renal transplantation at one center. Its implications.

A cost increase of more than 900% for medical services to dialysis patients and transplant recipients has been projected during the decade 1974 to 1984. To evaluate the role of renal transplantation in the End-Stage Renal Disease Program, we analyzed direct costs and patient outcomes in 466 consecutive transplants at our center. A successful transplant from either a living related or cadaver donor cost less than +7,000 per year for two years of graft function. The cost of transplants rejected during the second year also proved cost-effective when compared with the yearly costs of maintenance-facility hemodialysis. Patient survival was 100% at two years for recipients of a transplant from a living related donor and 84% at two years for recipients of a transplant from a cadaver. Renal transplantation can reduce the rising costs for end-stage renal disease patient care, without reducing life expectancy.     

免疫抑制剂在常染色体显性遗传性多囊肾患者肾移植术后的应用

目的 探究常染色体显性遗传性多囊肾（ADPKD）患者肾移植术后免疫抑制剂合理血药浓度。方法 收集2000年3月~2018年1月首次肾移植的68例ADPKD患者和68名性别、年龄和移植日期相匹配的其他肾移植受者(对照组）的临床资料,分析两组患者人、肾存活率、术后并发症以及术后1年内不同时期免疫抑制剂浓度的差异。同时根据术后是否发生泌尿道感染将ADPKD患者分为泌尿道感染组与非泌尿道感染组,分析两组患者术后1年内不同时期免疫抑制剂浓度的差异。结果 ADPKD组与对照组患者1、5、10年移植受者存活率分别为96.6%、94.1%、90.6%和96.0%、93.9%、93.9%;ADPKD组与对照组患者肾存活率分别为95.2%、90.8%、79.0%和96.0%、87.2%、82.3%,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。在术后急性排斥反应、胃肠道症状、心血管事件、肺部感染以及肿瘤的发生率上的差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。术后9月,ADPKD组比对照组的他克莫司、霉酚酸血药谷浓度更低（P<0.05）;ADPKD组比对照组更容易发生泌尿道感染,且在ADPKD中泌尿道感染组较非泌尿道感染组的霉酚酸血药谷浓度要高（P<0.05）。结论 ADPKD患者移植术后长期维持需要的免疫抑制浓度可能要低于其他肾移植患者,且较高剂量的霉酚酸血药谷浓度与泌尿道感染的发生相关。     

肾移植2 200例次临床分析

目的 总结1908例（2200例次）肾移植手术的临床经验,提高肾移植术后人、肾存活率。方法 总结1985年以后人、肾1年、3年、5年的存活率;肾移植主要并发症及其处理原则;影响患者再移植存活率的因素;HLA－抗原／基因配型及群体反应抗体（PRA）检测。结果 （1）自1985年临床使用环孢素A（CSA）后,其1年人、肾存活率为87.3％,3年人、肾存活率为80.2%,5年人、肾存活率为67.0%.(2)50岁以上肾移植患者302例,术后1年移植肾存活率8.4%(252/302),1年人存活率8534%(258/302).(3)肾移植术后患者死亡原因主要是心血管系统疾病及感染。心血管系统疾病占死亡原因的50.7%,感染占死亡率的13.5％（4）。肾移植术后恶性肿瘤 的发病率为1.5％（23／1580）。（5）肝损害患者有独特的药代动力学特点。（6）良好的HLA供－受者配型可以减少肾移植术后急性排斥反应的发生率,有利于移植肾的长期存活。在HLA抗原不配合的情况下,受者应尽量选择不具有免疫原性抗原／基因的供肾移植。（8）对于慢性排斥应应采取综合方法进行治疗。结论 良好的组织配型、肾移植术后免疫抑制药物的合理应用、对移植术后并发症的预防及及时治疗是提高肾移植术后人、肾存活率的重要因素。     

Simulect 和 Zenapax 应用于肾移植诱导治疗的5年临床观察

目的评价2剂Simulect和5剂Zenapax在肾移植中诱导治疗预防急性排斥反应(AR)的有效性、安全性以及对近、远期人/肾存活的影响。方法选择1999年4月~2001年4月首次肾移植患者102例,分成Simulect组(54例)和Zenapax组(48例),在三联免疫抑制剂基础上(环孢素A/FK506、骁悉、皮质激素)加用Simulect(术前2h和术后第4天分别予20mg静滴)或Zenapax(1mg.kg-1.d-1,最大剂量100mg,首剂术前2h,此后每2周1剂,共5剂)。观察术后3个月内肾功、AR、移植肾功能延迟恢复(DGF)、急性肾小管坏死情况;术后5年内肾功、排斥反应、并发症及人/肾存活情况。结果术后3个月内AR发生率明显降低(Simulect组:14.8%;Zenapax组:14.6%);首次AR发生时间延迟;激素治疗对大部分AR有效;5年内再次排斥反应发生率为9.3%(Simulect组)和6.3%(Zenapax组)。术后肾功能恢复明显加快,早期及远期肾功能良好。未出现细胞因子释放综合征,仅2例DGF。5年内,感染、糖尿病、高脂血症、恶性肿瘤等未见增加。5年人/肾存活良好,均达95%以上。结论2剂Simulect和5剂Zenapax预防肾移植术后AR的效果好、安全性高,有利于早期肾功能恢复和远期人/肾存活。     

A large regional hospital's experience with treatment of end-stage renal disease.

During the first 10 years of the treatment program for end-stage renal disease at the Saint John (New Brunswick) Regional Hospital 164 adults were treated by hemodialysis (with or without renal transplantation, performed outside of the province) or peritoneal dialysis. The primary causes of renal disease were not significantly different in men and women except for glomerulonephritis, which was twice as common in men as in women. Life-table analysis showed that the younger transplant recipients had the highest survival rate, but that the prognosis was almost as good among the much older patients who received continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Probably because they tended to be younger and their renal disease was caused by less threatening conditions, men survived longer than women. The survival rates were significantly related to the primary cause of the renal disease; patients with diabetes or systemic disease had the worst prognosis. Overall, these results compare well with those obtained in major university centres.     

Cadaveric renal transplantation: Our experience at a tertiary care centre in India

BackgroundRenal transplantation in developing countries like India is largely live donor transplantation. Cadaveric transplantation comprises <2% of all transplants in India.MethodsNinety-two cadaveric renal transplantations were included. Various donor and recipient characteristics were analysed along with graft and patient survival, using Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsThe mean age of the recipients was 35.5 ± 10.9 years while that of cadaver was 43.9 ± 17.0 years. Proportion of females among recipients was 47.8% while that of donors was 34.8%. The most common underlying pathology was chronic glomerulonephritis (44.6%). Antithymocyte globulin was used as induction in 84.8% of cases. Tacrolimus-based triple-drug regimen was most commonly used as maintenance (80.4%). The mean follow-up time was 39.02 ± 28.24 months. The most common cause of death was sepsis (47%). More than 50% deaths (9/17) occurred within first 3 years, while 61.5% of graft loss occurred 5 years after transplantation. The mean graft survival time was 81.6 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 72.8–90.4). Cumulative proportion of graft survival was 91.6% at 3 years and 77.1% at 5 years. Although females have better mean graft survival time (91.6 vs 73.5 months), it was not a significant difference as shown by log-rank test (p value = 0.062). Pretransplant haemodialysis has no significant effect on graft loss, but patients on peritoneal dialysis have significantly higher odds of graft loss (odds: 4.86, p value < 0.05 [0.018]). The mean patient survival time was 99.5 months (95% CI: 84.0–114.9). Cumulative proportion of patient survival was 83.3% at 3 years and 70.8% at 5 years.ConclusionGraft and patient survival rate of cadaveric transplant at our centre was satisfactory. There is need to sensitise and augment the rate of cadaveric transplantation to increase the donor pool.